La plume et le glaive : Caligula et la création littéraire chez Camus

Pour Albert Camus, la littérature était à la fois une activité essentielle à son bonheur et un objet de réflexion. Afin de saisir quelle conception de la littérature et quelle vision du rôle de l’écrivain se dégagent de son oeuvre, ce mémoire aborde dans un même mouvement ses deux principaux essais, Le Mythe de Sisyphe et L’Homme révolté, et une pièce de théâtre, Caligula. Notre premier chapitre consiste dans la recherche de ce qui, pour Camus, fait de la création artistique une activité privilégiée dans l’horizon de la pensée de l’absurde et de la révolte. Dans le deuxième chapitre, les différents commentaires émis par la critique à propos de Caligula seront examinés. La pièce, malgré l’opinion dominante, ne raconte pas l’histoire d’un empereur absurde qui se révolte contre son destin. L’importance du thème de la création littéraire dans cette pièce a également été grandement sous-estimée. Enfin, le troisième chapitre de ce mémoire présente notre propre analyse de la pièce. La confrontation de la fiction avec la théorie révèle une grande concordance entre les deux aspects de l’oeuvre de Camus. L’accord n’est cependant pas parfait, et l’étude des points de friction découverts permet d’apporter des éclaircissements sur un des points les plus obscurs des essais de Camus : l’éthique du créateur placé dans une situation où il doit choisir entre tuer et mourir.

Diviser par zéro : art poétique et lecteur anticipé dans l’œuvre chantée de Plume Latraverse

Ce mémoire porte sur l’œuvre chantée de Michel Latraverse, dit Plume. Nous y définissons le projet esthétique de cet auteur-compositeur-interprète en nous questionnant sur l’auditeur anticipé dans ses chansons. D’une part, nous constatons que Latraverse mise sur une forme d’hybridité quand il se définit en tant qu’artiste. L’hétérogénéité de ses influences lui permet d’explorer un grand nombre de styles musicaux et d’aborder une multitude de sujets. Dans ses textes, il cherche le beau à travers la simplicité et la bassesse du quotidien. Cependant, il tend malgré tout à exposer la laideur du monde en développant un réflexe d’exclusion qui n’épargne personne, brisant par le fait même toutes les solidarités. D’autre part, à l’aide des théories de la lecture, nous montrons que Latraverse, en puisant à la fois aux cultures savante et populaire, et malgré ses réflexes d’exclusion, rend possible un rapprochement entre des lecteurs aux compétences parfois très inégales. À la fin, nous concluons que Plume Latraverse opère un rabaissement systématique de l’humain afin d’en ramener l’existence à sa plus simple expression, physique et corporelle. C’est ainsi qu’il crée une communauté du bas où chacun a sa place et au sein de laquelle l’exclusion n’est plus possible.

Fast imaging of laser-blow-off plume:Lateral confinement in ambient environment

The dynamics of plasma plume, formed by the laser-blow-off of multicomponent LiF-C thin film under various ambient pressures ranging from high vacuum to argon pressure of 3 Torr, has been studied using fast imaging technique. In vacuum, the plume has ellipsoidal shape. With the increase in the ambient pressure, sharp plume boundary is developed showing a focusing-like confinement in the lateral space behavior in the front end, which persists for long times. At higher ambient pressure (> 10−1 Torr ), structures are developed in the plasma plume due to hydrodynamic instability/turbulences.

Effect of ambient gas on the expansion dynamics of plasma plume formed by laser blow off of thin film

A study has been carried out to understand the influence of ambient gases on the dynamics of laser-blow-off plumes of multi-layered LiF–C thin film. Plume images at various time intervals ranging from 100 to 3000 ns have been recorded using an intensified CCD camera. Enhancement in the plume intensity and change in size and shape occurs on introducing ambient gases and these changes are highly dependent on the nature and composition of the ambient gas used. Velocity of the plume was found to be higher in helium ambient whereas intensity enhancement is greater in argon environment. The plume shapes have maximum size at 10−2 and 10−1 Torr of Ar and He pressures, respectively. As the background pressure increases further (>10−2 Torr: depending on the nature of gas), the plume gets compressed/focused in the lateral direction. Internal structure formation and turbulences are observed at higher pressures (>10−1 Torr) in both ambient gases.

Study of chemical properties and evaluation of collagen in mantle, epidermal connective tissue and tentacle of Indian Squid, Loligo duvauceli Orbigny

The chemical composition and evaluation of Indian squid (Loligo duvauceli) mantle, epidermal connective tissue and tentacle is investigated in this current study. It is observed that squid mantle contains 22.2% total protein; 63.5% of the total protein is myofibrillar protein. The unique property of squid myofibrillar protein is its water solubility. Squid mantle contains 12.0% total collagen. Epidermal connective tissue has highest amounts of total collagen (17.8%). SDS-PAGE of total collagen identified high molecular weight α-, β- and γ- sub-chains. Amino acid profile analysis indicates that mantle and tentacle contain essential amino acids. Arginine forms a major portion of mantle collagen (272.5 g/100 g N). Isoleucine, glutamic acid and lysine are other amino acids that are found in significantly high amounts in the mantle. Sulphur containing cystine is deficit in mantle collagen. Papain digest of mantle and epidermal connective tissue is rich in uronic acid, while papain digest, collagenase digest and urea digest of epidermal connective tissue has significant amounts of sialic acid (25.2, 33.2 and 99.8 μmol /100 g, respectively). PAS staining of papain digest, collagenase digest and urea digest also identify the association of hexoses with low molecular weight collagen fragments. Histochemical sectioning also emphasized the localized distribution of collagen in epidermal and dermal region and very sparse fibres traverse the myotome bundles

'Back into the american continuity of crust and mantle'': da cidade inscrita à cidade em escrita

No contexto norte-americano, falar da noção de cidade implica olhar para além das complexas redes sociais, económicas, políticas e culturais que se interligam em espaços mais ou menos urbanizados. É necessário considerar o facto de que na América a cidade assenta no princípio da Cidade erguida na Colina e esta dimensão mítica e simbólica que inspira os colonos recém-chegados a Nova Inglaterra é perpetuada nas gerações seguintes, refletindo-se igualmente no panorama literário norte-americano.

Lagrangian analysis of low level anthropogenic plume processing across the North Atlantic

The photochemical evolution of an anthropogenic plume from the New-York/Boston region during its transport at low altitudes over the North Atlantic to the European west coast has been studied using a Lagrangian framework. This plume, originally strongly polluted, was sampled by research aircraft just off the North American east coast on 3 successive days, and 3 days downwind off the west coast of Ireland where another aircraft re-sampled a weakly polluted plume. Changes in trace gas concentrations during transport were reproduced using a photochemical trajectory model including deposition and mixing effects. Chemical and wet deposition processing dominated the evolution of all pollutants in the plume. The mean net O3 production was evaluated to be -5 ppbv/day leading to low values of O3 by the time the plume reached Europe. Wet deposition of nitric acid was responsible for an 80% reduction in this O3 production. If the plume had not encountered precipitation, it would have reached the Europe with O3 levels up to 80-90 ppbv, and CO levels between 120 and 140 ppbv. Photochemical destruction also played a more important role than mixing in the evolution of plume CO due to high levels of both O3 and water vapour showing that CO cannot always be used as a tracer for polluted air masses, especially for plumes transported at low altitudes. The results also show that, in this case, an important increase in the O3/CO slope can be attributed to chemical destruction of CO and not to photochemical O3 production as is often assumed.

The chlorine isotope composition of Earth's mantle

Chlorine stable isotope compositions ( delta Cl-37) of 22 mid- ocean ridge basalts ( MORBs) correlate with Cl content. The high-delta Cl-37, Cl- rich basalts are highly contaminated by Cl- rich materials ( seawater, brines, or altered rocks). The low-delta(37) Cl, Cl- poor basalts approach the composition of uncontaminated, mantle- derived magmas. Thus, most or all oceanic lavas are contaminated to some extent during their emplacement. MORB- source mantle has delta(37) Cl <= -1.6 per mil (%), which is significantly lower than that of surface reservoirs (similar to 0 parts per thousand not equal). This isotopic difference between the surface and deep Earth results from net Cl isotopic fractionation ( associated with removal of Cl from the mantle and its return by subduction over Earth history) and/ or the addition ( to external reservoirs) of a late volatile supply that is Cl-37- enriched.

Self-charging of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

Abstract Volcanic plumes generate lightning from the electrification of plume particles. Volcanic plume charging at over 1200 km from its source was observed from in situ balloon sampling of the April 2010 Eyjafjallajökull plume over Scotland. Whilst upper and lower edge charging of a horizontal plume is expected from fair weather atmospheric electricity, the plume over Scotland showed sustained positive charge well beneath the upper plume edge. At these distances from the source, the charging cannot be a remnant of the eruption itself because of charge relaxation in the finite conductivity of atmospheric air.