Dinâmica folicular ovariana e bases para a aplicação das biotécnicas da reprodução em bovinos

In the last years Brazil has achieved a leading position in worldwide cattle breeding. This country is consolidating the practice of an intensive and technical level cattle breeding, due to greater emphasis on reproductive efficiency and genetic improvement. The attention given to reproductive efficiency became to enhance the genetic improvement process, by exploiting the full reproductive potential of the animals. The biotechniques applied to reproduction arised to expand the reproductive potential for greater economic return. Are the most important reproductive biotechniques the FTAI and in vivo and in vitro embryo production for embryo transfer. Different hormonal treatments are consolidating to interfere with normal physiology in order to achieve the desired goals. The FTAI works to increase the reproductive rates of cattle through pre-booked artificial insemination in all the females in reproduction, without the need for estrous detection. The in vivo and in vitro embryo production aims to distribute the genetics of males and females genetically improved by transferring their embryos to genetically inferior females. Superovulation treatments designed to prevent the mechanism of dominance, which results in many follicles ovulating simultaneously for in vivo embryo production. To the in vitro embryo production, the technique of ovarian puncture guided by transvaginal ultrasound allows to aspirate a number of quality oocytes. The application of biotech is based on knowledge of the female and ovarian reproductive physiology and knowledge of their acting in different breeds and environments.

A intersemiose texto-história-cinema na minissérie ROMA da HBO

From August 2005 to March 2007, the two seasons (with 12 and 10 episodes respectively) of the award winning miniseries HBO‟s ROME were aired by the Home Box Office (HBO) channel. With screenplay signed by various writers and directors, the TV series was a coproduction of HBO (USA) and BBC (UK) with support from RAI (Italy), and the show was filmed in multiple locations, but mainly in Cinecittà Film Studios in Rome, very famous for having been headquarters also for Federico Fellini‟s movies. In the first season, the miniseries depicts the conquest of Gaul, made by the military genius of Gaius Julius Caesar, and the political trajectory that made him accumulate power to such an extent that this divided Roman citizens into two factions, one supporting and the other opposing him, the latter focused mainly on the historic figure of General Gnaeus Pompey Magnus. The second season shows the period of civil war following the assassination of Caesar, and the future rise to power of his nephew, adopted son and sole heir, Gaius Octavian Augustus, who was destined to overcome his rivals as well as their allies in the triumvirate that had been formed to pursue and punish Caesar‟s assassins. These facts are well known and usually crowd the mind and imagination of every minimally educated person. The HBO series broke new ground not only for the talent of its writers, directors and actors, not only for its visual effects and locations nor for the vibrancy and grandeur of historical scenes – after all, “historical movies” in general do the same – but it has done so also by the (re)construction of historical events from the perspective of a pair of protagonists of whom too little is known: the centurions Titus Pullo and Lucius Vorenus, who are the only low-rank soldiers mentioned by Caesar in his book Commentaries on the Gallic War (Commentarii de Bello Gallico V.44). Thus, the fictionalization of events also took into account several Roman civilization data which were scattered through historical sources and also those that belong to the modern knowledge of material culture, resulting in a TV series whose filmic aesthetics has rare beauty and creativity. From the survey of textual, historical and cultural data put together in this film, as well as the distance featuring the creative space in the dimension of the gap between them, this paper aims to highlight two pivotal moments of visual and narrative strategies of the show: the opening credits footage and the final scenes of the first season of HBO's Rome.

Parasitism by Ixodiphagus Wasps (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Amblyomma Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Three Regions of Brazil

Hymenopteran parasitoids have been shown to be of potential value in tick biocontrol. Tick parasitoids has been reported only once in Brazil, over 95 yr ago when Ixodiphagus hookeri (Howard) was reported parasitizing Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) nymphs in Rio de Janeiro. Herein, we report the occurrence of Ixodiphagus spp. in ticks from three different regions of Brazil. In the state of Maranhao, in northeastern Brazil, parasitoids were detected in R. sanguineus nymphs on three occasions, during August 2009 and September 2010 (dry season), and January 2011 (rainy season). All parasitoids found in northeastern Brazil were identified as I. hookeri. In the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (westDcentral Brazil), one Amblyomma sp. engorged nymph was shown to be parasitized by I. hookeri. In the state of Rondonia (northern Brazil), one Amblyomma sp. engorged nymph was parasitized by Ixodiphagus texanus (Howard). Because Ixodiphagus spp. are present in ecologically distinct and geographically distant areas of Brazil, they are of potential use for biocontrol in the country.

Detection of isometric, dsRNA-containing viral particles in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from cashew tree

Fungi are disease-causing agents in plants and affect crops of economic importance. One control method is to induce resistance in the host by using biological control with hypovirulent phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we report the detection of a mycovirus in a strain of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose of cashew tree. The strain C. gloeosporioides URM 4903 was isolated from a cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) in Igarassu, PE, Brazil. After nucleic acid extraction and electrophoresis, the band corresponding to a possible double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was purified by cellulose column chromatography. Nine extrachromosomal bands were obtained. Enzymatic digestion with DNAse I and Nuclease S1 had no effect on these bands, indicating their dsRNA nature. Transmission electron microscopic examination of extracts from this strain showed the presence of isometric particles (30-35 nm in diameter). These data strongly suggest the infection of this C. gloeosporioides strain by a dsRNA mycovirus. Once the hypovirulence of this strain is confirmed, the strain may be used for the biological control of cashew anthracnose.

H-1 low- and high-field NMR study of the effects of plasma treatment on the oil and water fractions in crude heavy oil

The chemical and physical properties of a Brazilian heavy oil submitted to plasma treatment were investigated by H-1 low-and high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combined to the characterization of rheological properties, thermogravimetry and measurement of basic sediments and water (BSW) content. The crude oil was treated in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor, using natural gas, CO2 or H-2 as working gas. The results indicated a large drop in the water content of the plasma-treated samples as compared to the crude oil, giving rise to a reduction in the viscosity. No significant chemical change was produced in the oil portion itself, as observed by H-1 NMR. The water contents determined by H-1 low-field NMR analyses agreed well with those obtained by BSW, indicating the low-field NMR methods as a useful tool for following the effects of plasma treatments on heavy oils, allowing the separation of the effects caused on the water and oil fractions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC

We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.

Quantum state tomography and quantum logical operations in a three qubits NMR quadrupolar system

In this work, we present an implementation of quantum logic gates and algorithms in a three effective qubits system, represented by a (I = 7/2) NMR quadrupolar nuclei. To implement these protocols we have used the strong modulating pulses (SMP) and the various stages of each implementation were verified by quantum state tomography (QST). The results for the computational base states, Toffolli logic gates, and Deutsch-Jozsa and Grover algorithms are presented here. Also, we discuss the difficulties and advantages of implementing such protocols using the SMP technique in quadrupolar systems.

Structure Elucidation and Anticancer Activity of 7-Oxostaurosporine Derivatives from the Brazilian Endemic Tunicate Eudistoma vannamei

The present study reports the identification of two new staurosporine derivatives, 2-hydroxy-7-oxostaurosporine (1) and 3-hydroxy-7-oxostaurosporine (2), obtained from mid-polar fractions of an aqueous methanol extract of the tunicate Eudistoma vannamei, endemic to the northeast coast of Brazil. The mixture of 1 and 2 displayed IC50 values in the nM range and was up to 14 times more cytotoxic than staurosporine across a panel of tumor cell lines, as evaluated using the MTT assay.

Taxonomy, Hemipenial Morphology, and Natural History of Two Poorly Known Species of Anadia (Gymnophthalmidae) from Northern South America

Anadia pariaensis Rivas, La Marca, and Oliveros, 1999, and Anadia steyeri Nieden, 1914, are two particularly rare and poorly known lizards described from single specimens. In the case of A. pariaensis, it remains known from the holotype, whereas A. steyeri is known from three additional specimens reported in the literature after the original description of the species. A single new specimen of A. pariaensis and five of A. steyeri, including the first adult males recorded for both species, make possible a more representative description of both species, including descriptions of the hemipenes. Despite both species presenting some similar morphological characteristics, the examination of the hemipenial morphology revealed very different organs. The hemipenis of A. steyeri presents some characteristics that resemble the organs of two species from the Santa Marta Mountain Range in the "bitaeniata-group" (Anadia pulchella and Anadia altaserrania). On the other hand, the hemipenes of A. pariaensis are unique morphologically and cannot be associated with the hemipenes known from other species in the genus. We describe variation within both species, and we comment on possible sexual dimorphism (number and arrangement of the femoral pores), natural history, and the known geographic distribution of the species. We also comment on Anadia bumanguesa Rueda-Almonacid and Caicedo 2004 based on a new specimen, the second known. This species may be a synonym of A. steyeri.

Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.

Spin coherent states in NMR quadrupolar system: experimental and theoretical applications

Working with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in quadrupolar spin systems, in this paper we transfer the concept of atomic coherent state to the nuclear spin context, where it is referred to as pseudonuclear spin coherent state (pseudo-NSCS). Experimentally, we discuss the initialization of the pseudo- NSCSs and also their quantum control, implemented by polar and azimuthal rotations. Theoretically, we compute the geometric phases acquired by an initial pseudo-NSCS on undergoing three distinct cyclic evolutions: (i) the free evolution of the NMR quadrupolar system and, by analogy with the evolution of the NMR quadrupolar system, that of (ii) single-mode and (iii) two-mode Bose-Einstein Condensate like system. By means of these analogies, we derive, through spin angular momentum operators, results equivalent to those presented in the literature for orbital angular momentum operators. The pseudo-NSCS description is a starting point to introduce the spin squeezed state and quantum metrology into nuclear spin systems of liquid crystal or solid matter.

Classical bifurcation in a quadrupolar NMR system

The Josephson junction model is applied to the experimental implementation of classical bifurcation in a quadrupolar nuclear magnetic resonance system. There are two regimes, one linear and one nonlinear, which are implemented by the radio-frequency and the quadrupolar terms of the Hamiltonian of a spin system, respectively. These terms provide an explanation of the symmetry breaking due to bifurcation. Bifurcation depends on the coexistence of both regimes at the same time in different proportions. The experiment is performed on a lyotropic liquid crystal sample of an ordered ensemble of 133Cs nuclei with spin I = 7/2 at room temperature. Our experimental results confirm that bifurcation happens independently of the spin value and of the physical system. With this experimental spin scenario, we confirm that a quadrupolar nuclei system could be described analogously to a symmetric two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate.

Molecular dynamics of poly(Ethylene Glycol) intercalated in clay, studied using 13C solid-state NMR

In this study, Cross-Polarization Magic-angle Spinning CP/MAS, 2D Exchange, Centerband-Only Detection of Exchange (CODEX), and Separated-Local-Field (SLF) NMR experiments were used to study the molecular dynamics of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) inside Hectorite/PEG intercalation compounds in both single- and double-layer configurations. The results revealed that the overall amplitude of the motions of the PEG chain in the single-layer configuration is considerably smaller than that observed for the double-layer intercalation compound. This result indicates that the effect of having the polymer chain interacting with both clay platelets is to produce a substantial decrease in the motional amplitudes of those chains. The presence of these dynamically restricted segments might be explained by the presence of anchoring points between the clay platelets and the PEG oxygen atoms, which was induced by the Na+ cations. By comparing the PEG motional amplitudes of the double-layered nanocomposites composed of polymers with different molecular weights, a decrease in the motional amplitude for the smaller PEG chain was observed, which might also be understood using the presence of anchoring points.

Applicazione di una metodologia LCA all'impiego di biomasse legnose a fini energetici: un confronto tra la produzione di energia termica da cippato e da pellet

Con questo studio si è volto effettuare un confronto tra la generazione di energia termica a partire da cippato e da pellet, con particolare riferimento agli aspetti di carattere ambientale ed economico conseguenti la produzione delle due differenti tipologie di combustibile. In particolare, si sono ipotizzate due filire, una di produzione del cippato, una del pellet, e per ciascuna di esse si è condotta un'Analisi del Ciclo di Vita, allo scopo di mettere in luce, da un lato le fasi del processo maggiormente critiche, dall'altro gli impatti sulla salute umana, sugli ecosistemi, sul consumo di energia e risorse. Quest'analisi si è tradotta in un confronto degli impatti generati dalle due filiere al fine di valutare a quale delle due corrisponda il minore. E' stato infine effettuato un breve accenno di valutazione economica per stimare quale tipologia di impianto, a cippato o a pellet, a parità di energia prodotta, risulti più conveniente.

La risonanza olistica. Arte, pedagogia e scienza della voce nelle culture dello spettacolo

La ricerca impostata considera campi disciplinari specifici e distinti, verso la loro integrazione, mirando a produrre un avanzamento relativo alla scienza della voce attraverso la pratica e lo studio della sua applicazione in campo artistico. A partire dall’analisi delle teorie novecentesche relative alla fonazione nel mondo della scena (Antonin Artaud, Stanislavskij e altri) per giungere alle acquisizioni prodotte dalle terapie corporee e vocali (Tomatis, Lowen, Wilfart in particolare), Marco Galignano ha sviluppato un percorso originale che è passato inoltre attraverso lo studio della pratica di una serie di artisti contemporanei (tra cui Baliani, Belli, Bergonzoni, Jodorowski, Hera, Lucenti e Manfredini) e di pedagoghi e terapeuti (da Serge Wilfart al maestro Paolo Zedda). Galignano ha inoltre riferito, nel suo lavoro, gli esiti della sua personale esperienza di formatore, sviluppata a Bologna all’interno di diversi Dipartimenti dell’Università Alma Mater, del Conservatorio di Musica G.B. Martini, dell’Accademia di Belle Arti e del Teatro Duse in particolare. L’obiettivo della tesi è dunque quello di fondare le basi teoriche per una rinnovata pedagogia vocale, a partire dalla possibile riscoperta del suono naturale fino a giungere alle potenzialità terapeutiche ed artistiche del linguaggio. Gli obiettivi di questo lavoro contemplano l’istituzione di una nuova modalità pedagogica, la sua diffusione attraverso una presentazione opportunamente composta e la sua inscrizione in diverse occorrenze artistiche e professionali. Molte le personalità di spicco del panorama internazionale della scienza e dell’arte della voce che hanno contribuito, negli anni, alla presente ricerca: Francesca Della Monica, insegnante di canto e performer, Tiziana Fuschini, logopedista, Franco Fussi, foniatra, Silvia Magnani, foniatra ed esperta di teatro, Gianpaolo Mignardi, logopedista, Dimitri Pasquali, pedagogo, Livio Presutti, medico chirurgo otorinolaringoiatra, Simonetta Selva, medico dello sport, Serge Wilfart, terapeuta della voce, Paolo Zedda, professore di canto in diverse realtà e Maestro di dizione al Conservatorio Nazionale di Parigi, e molti altri, oltre agli artisti citati in fondo, con le loro ricerche hanno contribuito direttamente alla redazione dell’elaborato finale, che mira a fondare le basi di una rinnovata pedagogia vocale per il teatro in Italia. La ricerca vuole infatti colmare in parte la penuria di apporti scientifici specificamente rivolti alla formazione vocale dell’attore teatrale. II lavoro vorrebbe inoltre raccogliere l’eredita di quei teorici, maestri e registi-pedagoghi che nel Novecento hanno posto le basi per la formazione dell’attore, e al tempo stesso prolungare la linea genealogica che da Stanislavskji trascorre in Grotowski, senza escludere esperienze fondate su presupposti alternativi alla formazione del repertorio vocale del performer: psicofisicità, terapie olistiche, fisica quantistica. Come accennato, una parte della ricerca è stata condotta in collaborazione col Prof. Franco Fussi, correlatore, e grazie al lavoro di redazione nel gruppo della rivista Culture Teatrali, diretto da Marco De Marinis, relatore. II percorso ha inteso infatti sviluppare alcune delle linee di ricerca aperte da Fussi virandole verso lo specifico dell’attività e del training vocale dell’attore, e ha avuto una tappa di verifica rilevante nel Convegno Internazionale di Foniatria e Logopedia “La Voce Artistica” di cui Fussi è direttore, a cui Galignano ha partecipato in veste di relatore. 1. II concetto guida del lavoro di Galignano risiede nell’idea di vibrazione e nel rapporto che questa intrattiene col suono. Il suono, per l’essere umano, costituisce la base materiale della fonazione, del linguaggio codificato comunitariamente così come dei particolari idioletti in continua evoluzione, basi della comunicazione verbale e paraverbale. Il linguaggio umano è costituito principalmente da sonorità vocale e da articolazione consonantica (rumori), e cioè composto di suoni armonici e di rumori prodotti da apparati articolari del corpo che risultano efficaci solo se integrati nel corpo da cui originano. A partire da un tentativo di definizione di salute corporea e di equilibrio psicofisico, attraverso l’analisi della rigenerazione cellulare e delle dinamiche comportamentali, Galignano definisce scientificamente la lingua parlata come emersione di codici comunicativi che originano da una schematizzazione del mondo intimo-personale del soggetto e si fondano su memorie molecolari, sull’attitudine comportamentale abituale, tra spontaneità, automatismi e capacità episodica di attenzione psicofisica. Ciò costituisce, per Galignano, la “risonanza olistica” alla base dell’efficacia comunicativa in sede pedagogica. L’argomento, che verrà sviluppato per la presentazione editoriale dell’elaborato e di cui la tesi di dottorato è solo una prima tappa in fieri, è stato sviscerato anche sulla base di nozioni di fisica classica e di fisica quantistica. Ciò senza dimenticare gli studi approfonditi sulla vocalità in ambito filosofico, da Bologna a Cavarero, da Napolitano a Zumthor. La tesi è composta attraverso una progressione che, a partire da una dichiarazione di poetica, trascorre poi verso l’analisi della fisiologia e della psicologia della voce, per approdare a una zona di approfondimento scientifico, teorico ed empirico, di una serie di metodi d’avanguardia di abilitazione e riabilitazione. In ultimo, come appendice, vengono riferiti i risultati del percorso laboratoriale condotto nel corso degli anni del dottorato di ricerca. Le esperienze sul campo maturate nell’ambito dell’attività pedagogica e laboratoriale si sono inoltre sviluppate a partire da un Progetto Strategico d’Ateneo dell’Università di Bologna intitolato “La Voce nel Corpo. La Recitazione e il Movimento Coreografico”, di cui Marco Galignano è responsabile scientifico. Un tempo specifico della tesi di dottorato è dunque composto a partire dai risultati maturati attraverso le varie azioni, laboratoriali e artistiche, che fin qui il progetto “La Voce nel Corpo” ha prodotto. In definitiva, attraverso il tessuto composto da esperienze pedagogiche, pratica artistica e ricerca scientifica, la tesi di dottorato di Galignano, work in progress, mira a comporre un sistema integrato, teorico-pratico, per l’insegnamento e la trasmissione di una specifica tecnica vocale calata nella pratica attoriale, ma utile a fini ulteriori, da quello riabilitativo fino alle tecniche di cura del sé su cui s’e appuntata la riflessione filosofica erede della teoresi artaudiana. La parte conclusiva della ricerca riguarda i suoi possibili futuri sviluppi, specifici, impostati attraverso la collaborazione, attuale, passata o in divenire, con artisti quali Marco Baliani, Matteo Belli, Alessandro Bergonzoni, Albert Hera, Michela Lucenti, Danio Manfredini e altri a cui Marco Galignano è particolarmente riconoscente.