Aggregate Costs of Gender Gaps in the Labor Market: A Quantitative Estimate

This paper examines the quantitative effects of gender gaps in entrepreneurship and labor force participation on aggregate productivity and income per capita. We simulate an occupational choice model with heterogeneous agents in entrepreneurial ability, where agents choose to be workers, self-employed or employers. The model assumes that men and women have the same talent distribution, but we impose several frictions on women's opportunities and pay in the labor market. In particular, we restrict the fraction of women participating in the labor market.

The household revolution: childcare, housework, and female labor force participation

Over the twentieth century, the allocation of womens' time changed dramatically. This paper explores the implications for the allocation of married womens' time stemming from: (1) the household revolution associated with the introduction of a variety of labor-saving devices in the home; (2) the remarkable increase in the relative wage of women; and (3) changes in childcare requirements associated with changes in fertility patterns. To do so, we construct a life-cycle model with home production and childcare constraints. The parameters of the childcare production function are estimated using micro evidence from U.S. time use data. We find that the increase in the relative wage of women is the most important explanation of the increase in married womens' market work time over the twentieth century. Changes in fertility had large effects up to 1980, but little effect thereafter. The declining price of durables has an appreciable effect only since 1980, an effect that is consistent with a broader interpretation of durable goods reflecting the marketization of home production.

Parametric pension reform and the intensive margin of labor supply, evidence from Colombia

We analyze the effect of a parametric reform of the fully-funded pension regime in Colombia on the intensive margin of the labor supply. We take advantage of a threshold defined by law in order to identify the causal effect using a regression discontinuity design. We find that a pension system that increases retirement age and the minimum weeks during which workers must contribute to claim pension benefits causes an increase of around 2 hours on the number of weekly worked hours; this corresponds to 4% of the average number of weekly worked hours or around 14% of a standard deviation of weekly worked hours. The effect is robust to different specifications, polynomial orders and sample sizes.

A guide to seasonal adjustment of labor force data.

Mode of access: Internet.

The skilled work force of the United States.

Mode of access: Internet.

Dynamics of economic well-being : labor force and income, 1990 to 1992 /

Mode of access: Internet.

A summary report of the Vice President's Task Force on Youth Employment.

Feb. 1980; reprinted Aug. 1980.

The nonmetro labor force in the seventies /

Mode of access: Internet.

Dynamics of economic well-being : labor force, 1991 to 1993 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Population and labor force projections for the United States, 1960 to 1975,

Mode of access: Internet.

A profile, professional women in the Dane County labor force.

WI docs. no.: EMP 2.2:W 5/1962

Labor force concepts and definitions in view of their purposes /

Mode of access: Internet.

Technical appendix to a Nationwide survey of the occupational safety and health work force /

"Contract Number 210-76-0192."

Hispanics in the U.S. labor force : a brief examination /

"An update and expansion of an earlier paper by the same title and author (report no. 82-122 E, June 24, 1982)"--P. iii.

Barriers to work place advancement : the experience of the white female work force : a research monograph /

"Contract no. 42USC252C3"