954 resultados para Sujeito passivo


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Distributed generation systems must fulfill standards specifications of current harmonics injected to the grid. In order to satisfy these grid requirements, passive filters are connected between inverter and grid. This work compares the characteristic response of the traditional inductive (L) filter with the inductive-capacitive-inductive (LCL) filter. It is shown that increasing the inductance L leads to a good ripple current suppression around the inverter switching frequency. The LCL filter provides better harmonic attenuation and reduces the filter size. The main drawback is the LCL filter impedance, which is characterized by a typical resonance peak, which must be damped to avoid instability. Passive or active techniques can be used to damp the LCL resonance. To address this issue, this dissertation presents a comparison of current control for PV grid-tied inverters with L filter and LCL filter and also discuss the use of active and passive damping for different regions of resonance frequency. From the mathematical models, a design methodology of the controllers was developed and the dynamic behavior of the system operating in closed loop was investigated. To validate the studies developed during this work, experimental results are presented using a three-phase 5kW experimental platform. The main components and their functions are discussed in this work. Experimental results are given to support the theoretical analysis and to illustrate the performance of grid-connected PV inverter system. It is shown that the resonant frequency of the system, and sampling frequency can be associated in order to calculate a critical frequency, below which is essential to perform the damping of the LCL filter. Also, the experimental results show that the active buffer per virtual resistor, although with a simple development, is effective to damp the resonance of the LCL filter and allow the system to operate stable within predetermined parameters.

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Direct evaporative cooling systems (DECS) based on sprinkling water indoors in the form of droplets and indirect evaporative cooling systems (IECS), characterized by the use of wetted roof or wall surfaces for cooling without increasing the indoor air moisture, consist of interesting bioclimatic strategies still not quite explored in Brazil. This study aims to evaluate the use of a particular form of IECS (which combines evaporative cooling and thermal mass brought about by a water reservoir) for indoor thermal control in warm conditions in Curitiba, Two test cells were initially built, monitored and compared to each other: a control module (CM) and an experimental module (EM), the latter provided with an evaporative pond. A subsequent configuration of the system which cancels out the evaporative function of the system and that is solely based on the increase of thermal mass, was tested in a second monitoring round. A third configuration of EM combinig evaporative cooling and the increase of termal mass was tested. Results showed a higher effectiveness of the IECS for the indoor cooling of the tested cells. The average temperature in EM was reduced in 2.5°C and the maximum temperature was reduced in 8.0°C in comparison with the CM. Results also showed a strong relation between the wet-bulb temperature depression and the internal temperature decrease achieved by the evaporative cooling strategy.

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This work deals with teacher-student relationship (TSR), held in a very special moment: the semester of graduation of architecture and urbanism, where students prepare the final work called Graduation Final Work (GFW). That is the last stage to obtain the title of architect and urban planner in Brazil. The text discusses this problem in several ways, emphasing the relationship between graduated student and his/her mentors into the consolidation process of the student as an actor of the planning process, here defined as "autonomy". The work is focused on understanding the TSR in order to elucidate its importance for improvement of teaching bases on development of the GFW, more than the relation between curriculum and institution. Related with the exploratory characteristic of this master thesis, methodologically, the field work happened through: (i) observation of mentorship guidance, (ii) interviews, and (iii) application of questionnaires to teachers and students. Participated 10 pairs of student and mentors of two federal university of Northeast: 05 pairs of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) and 05 pairs of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The results presented the development of the GFW as a difficult process / fearful for students, highlighting the main problem situations: the difficulty in choosing the theme, the super-sizing of the process, students' insecurities, and parental relationship with the supervisor process. Summing up, the work indicates that the students has a limited autonomy on the GFW process, which calls for a revision in order to promote the consolidation of the student autonomy, which must be observed for some positions recognition of the role of each actor in the process of orientation

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The assessment of building thermal performance is often carried out using HVAC energy consumption data, when available, or thermal comfort variables measurements, for free-running buildings. Both types of data can be determined by monitoring or computer simulation. The assessment based on thermal comfort variables is the most complex because it depends on the determination of the thermal comfort zone. For these reasons, this master thesis explores methods of building thermal performance assessment using variables of thermal comfort simulated by DesignBuilder software. The main objective is to contribute to the development of methods to support architectural decisions during the design process, and energy and sustainable rating systems. The research method consists on selecting thermal comfort methods, modeling them in electronic sheets with output charts developed to optimize the analyses, which are used to assess the simulation results of low cost house configurations. The house models consist in a base case, which are already built, and changes in thermal transmittance, absorptance, and shading. The simulation results are assessed using each thermal comfort method, to identify the sensitivity of them. The final results show the limitations of the methods, the importance of a method that considers thermal radiance and wind speed, and the contribution of the chart proposed

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2016.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças

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Among the potentially polluting economic activities that compromise the quality of groundwater are the gas stations. The city of Natal has about 120 gas stations, of which only has an environmental license for operation. Discontinuities in the offices were notified by the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte to carry out the environmental adaptations, among which is the investigation of environmental liabilities. The preliminary and confirmatory stages of this investigation consisted in the evaluation of soil gas surveys with two confirmatory chemical analysis of BTEX, PAH and TPH. To get a good evaluation and interpretation of results obtained in the field, it became necessary three-dimensional representation of them. We used a CAD software to graph the equipment installed in a retail service station fuel in Natal, as well as the plumes of contamination by volatile organic compounds. The tool was concluded that contamination is not located in the current system of underground storage of fuel development, but reflects the historical past in which tanks were removed not tight gasoline and diesel

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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica

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A região nordeste do Estado do Pará constitui uma das mais antigas áreas de ocupação na região amazônica que, por conseguinte, necessita de estudos para mitigar os seus impactos ambientais. Neste trabalho é avaliada espacialmente a situação das áreas com restrições legais ao uso do solo (Áreas de Preservação Permanente e Áreas de Reserva Legal) no Projeto de Assentamento Luis Lopes Sobrinho, a partir de ferramentas de geotecnologias. Foi verificado que apesar da maior parte das APPs estarem preservadas, existe uma parcela a ser recuperada de 22,23 ha (13,58% do total). No que tange a ARL, o total de área de tipologia florestal necessária à averbação possui um deficit de 221,33 ha (10,14% do total). Ainda que a área de APP preservada fosse contabilizada para a averbação da ARL, não seria possível atingir os 50% do total da propriedade (2.182,60 ha) previstos em lei.

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O presente artigo estima o valor econômico atribuído pelos Agentes/Atores Sociais aos Municípios de Lençóis, Mucugê, Andaraí, Palmeiras e Ibicoara,  com uso do Método de Avaliação Contingente, a partir da valoração da paisagem centrada no sujeito e no espaço. A atividade turística da região está centrada na singularidade do local, cuja variada de recursos naturais expressam o mais belo cenário paisagístico montanhoso da Bahia, formado por um conjunto de vales e serras, riqueza arquitetônica das cidades históricas, vegetação exótica, quedas d‘água contando com a presença constante de cascatas e outros atrativos naturais. Os entrevistados foram questionados sobre as suas disposições a pagar, através do DAP, constituído de perguntas estruturadas, no formato dicotômico para responder, (Sim / Não). Constatou-se na pesquisa empírica a dificuldade em induzir os indivíduos a revelaram sua verdadeira disposição de pagar pelo patrimônio ambiental, em razão da responsabilidade individual do entrevistado, frente à questão e a possibilidade de aproveitamento coletivo advindo da conservação ambiental.

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O enfoque deste trabalho literário é o de analisar a construção e o desempenho do sujeito diaspórico, dentro do contexto pós-colonial. Os eventos disponíveis na história “Uma Herança”, de V.S. Naipaul, apresentados em duas narrativas, trazem visões distintas e que se opõem, a do narrador e a da professora, resultantes do processo imperialista, especificamente em Trinidad e Tobago, no Caribe. A análise mostra que Leonard Side, um indiano, consegue sobreviver e impor seu discurso em uma sociedade dividida: uma que o marginaliza como homem de pele escura e de cultura inferior àquela dominante; outra que o valoriza. O hibridismo observado a partir do comportamento dessa personagem realiza-se em uma busca diária e constante de significados, visto como abertura para outras culturas e para outros valores. Conclui-se, que apesar da destruição e dos resultados negativos, como o rompimento de culturas, de religiões, de etnias, o colonialismo produziu, através das diásporas, relacionamentos humanos e culturais de horizontes diferenciados para a humanidade.      

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RESUMO: Sabemos que, por força do esforço de convencimento, o orador é capaz de projetar, ao produzir seu discurso, uma imagem de si que pode diferir de sua imagem enquanto sujeito empírico. É com base nessa perspectiva que nos propomos a analisar a construção da imagem, ou seja, o ethos, do sujeito enunciador em textos da modalidade do cotidiano, mais especificamente em letras de canções do renomado sambista Cartola. A representação dessa imagem se dá através das escolhas lingüísticas que o enunciador faz no ato de construção de seu discurso, lugar de engendramento do ethos. No caso da canção popular, o compositor, com simplicidade, procura agradar não só o gosto popular indiferenciado, mas, muitas vezes, igualmente ao interlocutor mais letrado e mais culto. As letras de Cartola, músico muito elogiado e admirado pela maioria dos sambistas, falam de amor sem serem vulgares, revelando fugir ao lugar comum. Considerando a preferência temática recorrente em suas composições, pode-se caracterizar seu samba como pertencente à formação discursiva da chamada “dor de cotovelo”. Assim, pretendemos averiguar em quais estereótipos, enunciados que apontem para uma determinada formação discursiva, está ancorado o ethos discursivo desse enunciador.  

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Alain Badiou (1994) argues that the failure of the discourses that govern the society is the result of a misplaced ethics. The preservation of human rights and respect for diversity are among the imperatives that naturalize the dominant ideology as a mainstay of the status quo. To supplant the values ​​of a generalization that leads to the subjection and omission, the philosopher presents the "ethics of truths", in which the subject dispenses with the attitude of victimization, increasing in its subjectivity. In this way, it’s put in the forefront the recognition of the Same and the ability to pursue a truth process. Moving away from the passive behavior and unanimity, comes the immortal subject, which resists to the conduct of "animal-to-death", becoming faithful to an Event, occurrence that will transform many lives and will lead to single completeness as possible. In Greek myth, Prometheus rises to the rank of immortal at the time that gives us the human race with the freedom, through the gift of fire. This event is the appointment to which Prometheus listens and by which he gives up the advantages of the gods world, overcoming the limits of a typical lifetime to build the character of transcendence, the immortality. Despite the punishment that is suffering, Prometheus remains faithful to the disruption that it introduces, personifying an authentic warrior against the high-handed Olympic power.