957 resultados para Sierpinski network, generalized Sierpinski network, fractal dimension


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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É objetivo do presente trabalho implantar como modelos para estudo da formação hipocampal das aves migratórias as espécies de maçarico Calidris pusilla e Actitis macularia que abandonam as regiões geladas do Canadá, fugindo do inverno, em direção à costa da América do Sul e do Caribe onde permanecem até a primavera quando então retornam ao hemisfério norte. Mais especificamente pretende-se descrever a organização morfológica qualitativa e quantitativa da formação hipocampal, empregando citoarquitetonia com cresil violeta e imunomarcação para neurônios e células da glia, sucedidas por estimativas estereológicas do número total de células identificadas com marcadores seletivos para aquelas células, assim como comparar a morfologia tridimensional da micróglia das aves com a dos mamíferos. As coletas de campo para a caracterização da formação hipocampal do Calidris pusilla e Actitis macularia em seus aspectos morfológicos foram feitas no Brasil na Ilha Canelas (0°47'21.95"S e 46°43'7.34"W) na Costa da Região Nordeste do Pará no município de Bragança, e no Canadá, na Baia de Fundy perto de Johnson's Mills na cidade de New Brunswick (45°50'19.3" N 64°31'5.39" W). A definição dos limites da formação hipocampal foi feita empregando-se as técnicas de Nissl e de imunomarcação para NeuN. Para a definição dos objetos de interesse das estimativas estereológicas e das reconstruções tridimensionais empregou-se imunomarcação com anticorpo anti-NeuN para neurônios e anti-IBA- 1 para micróglia. As estimativas estereológicas revelaram em média número similar de neurônios nas duas espécies enquanto que no hipocampo de Actitis macularia observou-se número de micróglias 37% maior do que no de Calidris pusilla. Além disso, encontrou-se que em média o volume da formação hipocampal do Actitis macularia é 38% maior do que o encontrado em Calidris pusilla. Os estudos comparativos da morfologia microglial das duas espécies de aves com a dos mamíferos Rattus novergicus e Cebus apella revelaram diferenças morfológicas significantes que indicam que as micróglias das aves mostram em média, menor complexidade (dimensão fractal), tem diâmetros e perímetros de soma menores e possuem ramos mais finos do que aquelas do rato e do macaco.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

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Soil CO2 emission (F-CO2) is influenced by chemical, physical and biological factors that affect the production of CO2 in the soil and its transport to the atmosphere. F-CO2 varies in time and space depending on environmental conditions, including the management of the agricultural area. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability structure of F-CO2 and soil attributes in a mechanically harvested sugarcane area (green harvest) using fractal dimension (D-F) derived from isotropic variograms at different scales (fractograms). F-CO2 showed an overall average of 1.51 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1) and correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with soil physical attributes, such as soil bulk density, air-filled pore space, macroporosity and microporosity. Topologically significant DF values were obtained from the characterization of F-CO2 at medium and large scales (above 20 m), with values of 2.92 and 2.90, respectively. The variations in D-F with scales indicate that the spatial variability structure of F-CO2 was similar to that observed for soil temperature and total pore volume and was the inverse of that observed for other soil attributes, such as soil moisture, soil bulk density, microporosity, air-filled pore space, silt and clay content, pH, available phosphorus and the sum of bases. Thus, the spatial variability structure of F-CO2 presented a significant relationship with the spatial variability structure for most soil attributes, indicating the possibility of using fractograms as a tool to better describe the spatial dependence of variables along the scale. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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As características estruturais de sonogéis obtidos a partir da hidrólise ácida do TEOS estimulada por ultrasom foram estudadas por espalhamento de raios-x a baixo ângulo (SAXS). O estudo inclui: i) o processo de agregação em diferentes temperaturas; ii) o envelhecimento dos géis úmidos na fase líquida de preparação e depois da troca da fase líquida por álcool e acetona; iii) a secagem dos géis; iv) a estrutural evolução de xerogéis e aerogéis com o tratamento térmico até 1100 oC; e v) um estudo comparativo usando SAXS e adsorção de nitrogênio na caracterização de aerogéis e xerogéis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This work aims to study the structural characteristics of silica gels obtained from the acid hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in water solutions with different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The structural characteristics were studied in stages ranging from the wet gel to the dry stages of the gels (aerogels and xerogels). Aerogels were obtained by ambient pressure drying (APD) after silylation process using trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) as silylating agent. Xerogels were obtained by conventional evaporating the liquid phase from non silylated gels. The samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The structure of the wet gels and of the aerogels prepared with the surfactant exhibited characteristics of mass-fractal structures with fractal dimension D in the range 2.1-2.2 for the wet gels and 2.3-2.4 for the aerogels. The characteristic size  of the fractal domain reduces while the size a0 of the primary silica particle composing the fractal structure increases with the drying of the gels, in a process in which share of the porosity is eliminated. Aerogels exhibited typical values for the specific surface of 900 m2g-1 and of 3.5 cm3.g-1 for the total pore volume. These values are correspondingly comparable to those of the aerogels prepared by supercritical drying, since the silylation process replaces hydrophilic –OH groups by hydrophobic –Si-R3 ones, inhibiting the porosity elimination on drying. The silica particle size also increases lightly with the silylation because the attachment of the –Si-R3 groups on the silica surface. The pore size distribution curves of the aerogels are similar for all samples exhibiting a maximum in around 40 nm, independent the concentration of surfactant. This suggests that the characteristic size of 40 nm is due to the association of surfactant micelles... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Therebar of aluminum 1350 AA produced by CBA are used inthe manufacture of wires and cables for electric power transmission, which marketshows increasingly favorableto aluminum due to itslow densityand high electrical conductivity, but to ensure that this materialmeets all specifications of projectsfor electricity transmission, it must have homogeneity in the chemicaland mechanicalproperties.One of the points of improvement in the process of rod production isreducing the high variation of the limitof tensile strengthalong the coils, therefore, this work seeks a better understanding of the factors that significantly influence the mechanical properties of rebar, specifically assessing the influence oftemperatureat the output of the coils, which can cause a recovery effect on the material andif thereare relevantdifferences between the two modes of rebar production: auto and manual.Samples of six coils have been specifically produced forthis study, which weresubsequently subjected to different annealing temperatures for one hour and ten minutes, similar to what occurs in the output of the coil from the machine. The tensile tests showed that aluminum 1350 AA is significantly influenced by temperature, whose behavior was very similar to that presented in the literature. It was found that the phenomenon of recovery occurred more significantly at high temperatures. Through the optical electron microscope Zeiss, 18 surface maps were made with 100x magnification for each sample in different conditions and the images were analyzed using entropy and fractal dimension, aiming to relate the condition of surface hardening on mechanical property of the samples in that condition. The results showed that these methods can be applied, provided they do not have any kind of imperfection on the surface, once they can influence the results. The study concluded that a more efficient cooling is required in ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT