Los radicalizados del sector rural. Los dirigentes del Movimiento Agrario Misionero y Montoneros (1971- 1976)

En este artículo analizaremos la trayectoria de un grupo de agricultores que fundó en el interior de la provincia de Misiones el Movimiento Agrario Misionero (MAM). Al principio, igual que en las demás provincias del Nordeste, los agricultores participaron juntos en las movilizaciones de protesta y fueron apoyados por el obispo católico del lugar. Los dirigentes se vincularon tempranamente con los líderes de la Tendencia de nivel nacional - creada por Montoneros- y de la capital provincial, y construyeron un discurso adonde afirmaban que el MAM debía representar, tanto a los medianos y pequeños propietarios como a la "clase trabajadora" del sector rural, lo que generó un creciente malestar entre sus filas. Con la llegada del peronismo al poder, se abrió otra etapa adonde quedaron expuestas las diferencias al interior del Movimiento. En 1974 se produjeron dos grandes rupturas: a principios de ese año, un grupo de agricultores formó la Asociación Misionera de Agricultores (AMA) y a mediados, otro sector decidió expulsar a los agricultores que integraban la conducción del MAM. Los expulsados formaron las Ligas Agrarias Misioneras (LAM) y en el medio de la escalada de la violencia armada y el pase a la clandestinidad de Montoneros, crearon junto a los dirigentes capitalinos, el Partido Descamisado primero y el Partido Auténtico después. Participaron de las elecciones de abril de 1975, ganaron dos bancas y en la Cámara Legislativa siguieron defendiendo los intereses de los "obreros rurales" y la instauración de la "patria socialista". Esta historia se vio violentamente interrumpida con la llegada del golpe militar del 24 de marzo de 1976, cuando los militantes del MAM, las LAM y del Partido Auténtico fueron el blanco de la represión en la provincia, aunque ésta se había iniciado unos meses antes. Pretendemos mostrar, a partir del microanálisis, cómo se fue organizando y consolidando desde 1972, este grupo de militantes locales provenientes de la capital provincial y del interior, que pretendió encuadrar al MAM en la Tendencia y fue perdiendo apoyos avanzada la década. Aún después de la expulsión, veremos de qué manera continuaron considerándose la "vanguardia" de los "agricultores" y de la "clase trabajadora rural". Todo esto en un clima adonde la cúpula de Montoneros ordenaba el pase a la clandestinidad y privilegiaba la lucha armada. En suma, trataremos de rescatar la complejidad que envolvió a estos grupos y que fue característica de esos años.

Los radicalizados del sector rural. Los dirigentes del Movimiento Agrario Misionero y Montoneros (1971- 1976)

En este artículo analizaremos la trayectoria de un grupo de agricultores que fundó en el interior de la provincia de Misiones el Movimiento Agrario Misionero (MAM). Al principio, igual que en las demás provincias del Nordeste, los agricultores participaron juntos en las movilizaciones de protesta y fueron apoyados por el obispo católico del lugar. Los dirigentes se vincularon tempranamente con los líderes de la Tendencia de nivel nacional - creada por Montoneros- y de la capital provincial, y construyeron un discurso adonde afirmaban que el MAM debía representar, tanto a los medianos y pequeños propietarios como a la "clase trabajadora" del sector rural, lo que generó un creciente malestar entre sus filas. Con la llegada del peronismo al poder, se abrió otra etapa adonde quedaron expuestas las diferencias al interior del Movimiento. En 1974 se produjeron dos grandes rupturas: a principios de ese año, un grupo de agricultores formó la Asociación Misionera de Agricultores (AMA) y a mediados, otro sector decidió expulsar a los agricultores que integraban la conducción del MAM. Los expulsados formaron las Ligas Agrarias Misioneras (LAM) y en el medio de la escalada de la violencia armada y el pase a la clandestinidad de Montoneros, crearon junto a los dirigentes capitalinos, el Partido Descamisado primero y el Partido Auténtico después. Participaron de las elecciones de abril de 1975, ganaron dos bancas y en la Cámara Legislativa siguieron defendiendo los intereses de los "obreros rurales" y la instauración de la "patria socialista". Esta historia se vio violentamente interrumpida con la llegada del golpe militar del 24 de marzo de 1976, cuando los militantes del MAM, las LAM y del Partido Auténtico fueron el blanco de la represión en la provincia, aunque ésta se había iniciado unos meses antes. Pretendemos mostrar, a partir del microanálisis, cómo se fue organizando y consolidando desde 1972, este grupo de militantes locales provenientes de la capital provincial y del interior, que pretendió encuadrar al MAM en la Tendencia y fue perdiendo apoyos avanzada la década. Aún después de la expulsión, veremos de qué manera continuaron considerándose la "vanguardia" de los "agricultores" y de la "clase trabajadora rural". Todo esto en un clima adonde la cúpula de Montoneros ordenaba el pase a la clandestinidad y privilegiaba la lucha armada. En suma, trataremos de rescatar la complejidad que envolvió a estos grupos y que fue característica de esos años.

Los radicalizados del sector rural. Los dirigentes del Movimiento Agrario Misionero y Montoneros (1971- 1976)

En este artículo analizaremos la trayectoria de un grupo de agricultores que fundó en el interior de la provincia de Misiones el Movimiento Agrario Misionero (MAM). Al principio, igual que en las demás provincias del Nordeste, los agricultores participaron juntos en las movilizaciones de protesta y fueron apoyados por el obispo católico del lugar. Los dirigentes se vincularon tempranamente con los líderes de la Tendencia de nivel nacional - creada por Montoneros- y de la capital provincial, y construyeron un discurso adonde afirmaban que el MAM debía representar, tanto a los medianos y pequeños propietarios como a la "clase trabajadora" del sector rural, lo que generó un creciente malestar entre sus filas. Con la llegada del peronismo al poder, se abrió otra etapa adonde quedaron expuestas las diferencias al interior del Movimiento. En 1974 se produjeron dos grandes rupturas: a principios de ese año, un grupo de agricultores formó la Asociación Misionera de Agricultores (AMA) y a mediados, otro sector decidió expulsar a los agricultores que integraban la conducción del MAM. Los expulsados formaron las Ligas Agrarias Misioneras (LAM) y en el medio de la escalada de la violencia armada y el pase a la clandestinidad de Montoneros, crearon junto a los dirigentes capitalinos, el Partido Descamisado primero y el Partido Auténtico después. Participaron de las elecciones de abril de 1975, ganaron dos bancas y en la Cámara Legislativa siguieron defendiendo los intereses de los "obreros rurales" y la instauración de la "patria socialista". Esta historia se vio violentamente interrumpida con la llegada del golpe militar del 24 de marzo de 1976, cuando los militantes del MAM, las LAM y del Partido Auténtico fueron el blanco de la represión en la provincia, aunque ésta se había iniciado unos meses antes. Pretendemos mostrar, a partir del microanálisis, cómo se fue organizando y consolidando desde 1972, este grupo de militantes locales provenientes de la capital provincial y del interior, que pretendió encuadrar al MAM en la Tendencia y fue perdiendo apoyos avanzada la década. Aún después de la expulsión, veremos de qué manera continuaron considerándose la "vanguardia" de los "agricultores" y de la "clase trabajadora rural". Todo esto en un clima adonde la cúpula de Montoneros ordenaba el pase a la clandestinidad y privilegiaba la lucha armada. En suma, trataremos de rescatar la complejidad que envolvió a estos grupos y que fue característica de esos años.

Air photography Samoylov Island

For the qualitative description of surface properties like vegetation cover or land-water-ratio of Samoylov Island as well as for the evaluation of fetch homogeneity considerations of the eddy covariance measurements and for the up-scaling of chamber flux measurements, a detailed surface classification of the island at the sub-polygonal scale is necessary. However, up to know only grey-scale Corona satellite images from the 1960s with a resolution of 2 x 2 m and recent multi-spectral LandSat images with a resolution of 30 x 30 m were available for this region. Both are not useable for the desired classification because of missing spectral information and inadequate resolution, respectively. During the Lena 2003 expedition, a survey of the island by air photography was carried out in order to obtain images for surface classification. The photographs were taken from a helicopter on 10.07.2002, using a Canon EOS100 reflex camera, a Soligor 19-23 mm lens and colour slide film. The height from which the photographs were taken was approximately 600 meters. Due to limited flight time, not all the area of the island could be photographed and some regions could only be photographed with a slanted view. As a result, the images are of a varying quality and resolution. In Potsdam, after processing the films were scanned using a Nikon LS-2000 scanner at maximal resolution setting. This resulted in a ground resolution of the scanned images of approximately 0.3x0.3 m. The images were subsequently geo-referenced using the ENVI software and a referenced Corona image dating from 18.07.1964 (Spott, 2003). Geo-referencing was only possible for the Holocene river terrace areas; the floodplain regions in the western part of the island could not be referenced due to the lack of ground reference points. In Figure 3.7-1, the aerial view of Samoylov Island composed of the geo-referenced images is shown. Further work is necessary for the classification and interpretation of the images. If possible, air photography surveys will be carried out during future expeditions in order to determine changes in surface pattern and composition.

Horizontal visibility graphs generated by type-I intermittency

The type-I intermittency route to (or out of) chaos is investigated within the horizontal visibility (HV) graph theory. For that purpose, we address the trajectories generated by unimodal maps close to an inverse tangent bifurcation and construct their associatedHVgraphs.We showhowthe alternation of laminar episodes and chaotic bursts imprints a fingerprint in the resulting graph structure. Accordingly, we derive a phenomenological theory that predicts quantitative values for several network parameters. In particular, we predict that the characteristic power-law scaling of the mean length of laminar trend sizes is fully inherited by the variance of the graph degree distribution, in good agreement with the numerics. We also report numerical evidence on how the characteristic power-law scaling of the Lyapunov exponent as a function of the distance to the tangent bifurcation is inherited in the graph by an analogous scaling of block entropy functionals defined on the graph. Furthermore, we are able to recast the full set of HV graphs generated by intermittent dynamics into a renormalization-group framework, where the fixed points of its graph-theoretical renormalization-group flow account for the different types of dynamics.We also establish that the nontrivial fixed point of this flow coincides with the tangency condition and that the corresponding invariant graph exhibits extremal entropic properties.

Avaliação comparativa dos efeitos do anlodipino e da pimobendana na insuficiência valvar crônica de mitral em cães

A insuficiência valvar crônica de mitral (IVCM) é a principal cardiopatia de cães, correspondendo a 75-85% dos casos de cardiopatias. É causada pela degeneração mixomatosa da valva mitral (endocardiose de mitral) sendo, então, uma doença degenerativa adquirida e que pode ocasionar a insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC). Pode acometer qualquer raça de cão, mas é mais frequentemente observada nas raças de pequeno porte, dentre as quais, Poodle miniatura, Spitz Alemão, Dachshund, Yorkshire Terrier, Chihuahua e Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Na endocardiose de mitral, o volume sanguíneo regurgitado causa sobrecarga do lado esquerdo do coração, devido ao aumento das pressões atrial e ventricular esquerdas, seguida de dilatação e hipertrofia dessas cavidades cardíacas. A elevação da pressão ventricular esquerda pode causar hipertensão pulmonar, congestão e, em estágios avançados, edema pulmonar. A doença pode evoluir assintomática, enquanto que naqueles casos que evoluem para insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC) os sintomas mais usuais são: tosse, intolerância ao exercício, dispneia e síncope. Em 2009 o colégio americano de medicina interna veterinária (American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine -ACVIM) elaborou diretrizes para o tratamento da IVCM, tendo por base a classificação funcional adaptada do American College of Cardiology. Neste trabalho foram utilizados os fármacos anlodipino e pimobendana em associação a outros usualmente indicados no tratamento da ICC em cães, segundo consenso de 2009, indicados no tratamento da ICC em cães. Dois grupos (A e B) de cães, cada um constituído por 10 pacientes com IVCM em estágio C, foram tratados com furosemida e maleato de enalapril, sendo que os animais do grupo A receberão pimobendana e os do grupo B, anlodipino. Os animais foram avaliados em diferentes momentos (T0, T30, T60) observando-se as alterações nos exames ecodopplercardiográfico e eletrocardiográfico, bem como de pressão arterial sistólica

Surface waves in the Beaufort Sea

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Gaussian processes:iterative sparse approximations

In recent years there has been an increased interest in applying non-parametric methods to real-world problems. Significant research has been devoted to Gaussian processes (GPs) due to their increased flexibility when compared with parametric models. These methods use Bayesian learning, which generally leads to analytically intractable posteriors. This thesis proposes a two-step solution to construct a probabilistic approximation to the posterior. In the first step we adapt the Bayesian online learning to GPs: the final approximation to the posterior is the result of propagating the first and second moments of intermediate posteriors obtained by combining a new example with the previous approximation. The propagation of em functional forms is solved by showing the existence of a parametrisation to posterior moments that uses combinations of the kernel function at the training points, transforming the Bayesian online learning of functions into a parametric formulation. The drawback is the prohibitive quadratic scaling of the number of parameters with the size of the data, making the method inapplicable to large datasets. The second step solves the problem of the exploding parameter size and makes GPs applicable to arbitrarily large datasets. The approximation is based on a measure of distance between two GPs, the KL-divergence between GPs. This second approximation is with a constrained GP in which only a small subset of the whole training dataset is used to represent the GP. This subset is called the em Basis Vector, or BV set and the resulting GP is a sparse approximation to the true posterior. As this sparsity is based on the KL-minimisation, it is probabilistic and independent of the way the posterior approximation from the first step is obtained. We combine the sparse approximation with an extension to the Bayesian online algorithm that allows multiple iterations for each input and thus approximating a batch solution. The resulting sparse learning algorithm is a generic one: for different problems we only change the likelihood. The algorithm is applied to a variety of problems and we examine its performance both on more classical regression and classification tasks and to the data-assimilation and a simple density estimation problems.

Investigations into visual hyperacuity

Visual hyperacuities.are a group of thresholds whose values surpass that expected by the anatomical and optical constraints of the eye. There are many variables which affect hyperacuities of which this thesis considers the following .. 1. The effect of contrast on displacement detection and bisection acuity. It is proposed that spatial summation may account for the different response of these two hyperacuities compared with the contrast response of vernier acuity. 2. The effect of references on displacement detection. These were shown to greatly enhance performance when present. Their effect was, however, dependent upon the temporal characteristics of the displacement. 3. The effect of spatial frequency on vernier acuity. Evidence from this experiment suggests that vernier performance can be explained on the basis of the output of orientationally selective spatial frequency filters. 4. Evidence for a weighting function for visual location using random dot clusters. The weighting attached to different parts of the retinal light distribution was found to alter non-linearly with increasing offset from the geometric center of the cluster. A relationship between dot density and peak amplitude of the weighting function was found. 5. Spatial scaling of vernier acuity in the peripheral field. With careful choice of a technique which did not allow separation and eccentricity to co-vary it was found possible to scale vernier acuity both for two lines and two separated dots. 6. The effect of increasing age on hyperacuity. No change in vernier acuity with age was found which contrasted with displacement detection and bisection acuity both of which showed a significant decline with increasing age.

Universal duality in a Luttinger liquid coupled to a generic environment

We study a Luttinger liquid (LL) coupled to a generic environment consisting of bosonic modes with arbitrary density-density and current-current interactions. The LL can be either in the conducting phase and perturbed by a weak scatterer or in the insulating phase and perturbed by a weak link. The environment modes can also be scattered by the imperfection in the system with arbitrary transmission and reflection amplitudes. We present a general method of calculating correlation functions under the presence of the environment and prove the duality of exponents describing the scaling of the weak scatterer and of the weak link. This duality holds true for a broad class of models and is sensitive to neither interaction nor environmental modes details, thus it shows up as the universal property. It ensures that the environment cannot generate new stable fixed points of the renormalization group flow. Thus, the LL always flows toward either conducting or insulating phase. Phases are separated by a sharp boundary which is shifted by the influence of the environment. Our results are relevant, for example, for low-energy transport in (i) an interacting quantum wire or a carbon nanotube where the electrons are coupled to the acoustic phonons scattered by the lattice defect; (ii) a mixture of interacting fermionic and bosonic cold atoms where the bosonic modes are scattered due to an abrupt local change of the interaction; (iii) mesoscopic electric circuits.

Thermal counterflow in a periodic channel with solid boundaries

We perform numerical simulations of finite temperature quantum turbulence produced through thermal counterflow in superfluid 4He, using the vortex filament model. We investigate the effects of solid boundaries along one of the Cartesian directions, assuming a laminar normal fluid with a Poiseuille velocity profile, whilst varying the temperature and the normal fluid velocity. We analyze the distribution of the quantized vortices, reconnection rates, and quantized vorticity production as a function of the wall-normal direction. We find that the quantized vortex lines tend to concentrate close to the solid boundaries with their position depending only on temperature and not on the counterflow velocity. We offer an explanation of this phenomenon by considering the balance of two competing effects, namely the rate of turbulent diffusion of an isotropic tangle near the boundaries and the rate of quantized vorticity production at the center. Moreover, this yields the observed scaling of the position of the peak vortex line density with the mutual friction parameter. Finally, we provide evidence that upon the transition from laminar to turbulent normal fluid flow, there is a dramatic increase in the homogeneity of the tangle, which could be used as an indirect measure of the transition to turbulence in the normal fluid component for experiments.

Leakage temperature dependency aware real-time scheduling for power and thermal optimization

Catering to society's demand for high performance computing, billions of transistors are now integrated on IC chips to deliver unprecedented performances. With increasing transistor density, the power consumption/density is growing exponentially. The increasing power consumption directly translates to the high chip temperature, which not only raises the packaging/cooling costs, but also degrades the performance/reliability and life span of the computing systems. Moreover, high chip temperature also greatly increases the leakage power consumption, which is becoming more and more significant with the continuous scaling of the transistor size. As the semiconductor industry continues to evolve, power and thermal challenges have become the most critical challenges in the design of new generations of computing systems. ^ In this dissertation, we addressed the power/thermal issues from the system-level perspective. Specifically, we sought to employ real-time scheduling methods to optimize the power/thermal efficiency of the real-time computing systems, with leakage/ temperature dependency taken into consideration. In our research, we first explored the fundamental principles on how to employ dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) techniques to reduce the peak operating temperature when running a real-time application on a single core platform. We further proposed a novel real-time scheduling method, “M-Oscillations” to reduce the peak temperature when scheduling a hard real-time periodic task set. We also developed three checking methods to guarantee the feasibility of a periodic real-time schedule under peak temperature constraint. We further extended our research from single core platform to multi-core platform. We investigated the energy estimation problem on the multi-core platforms and developed a light weight and accurate method to calculate the energy consumption for a given voltage schedule on a multi-core platform. Finally, we concluded the dissertation with elaborated discussions of future extensions of our research. ^

Nanowires for 3d silicon interconnection – low temperature compliant nanowire-polymer film for z-axis interconnect

Semiconductor chip packaging has evolved from single chip packaging to 3D heterogeneous system integration using multichip stacking in a single module. One of the key challenges in 3D integration is the high density interconnects that need to be formed between the chips with through-silicon-vias (TSVs) and inter-chip interconnects. Anisotropic Conductive Film (ACF) technology is one of the low-temperature, fine-pitch interconnect method, which has been considered as a potential replacement for solder interconnects in line with continuous scaling of the interconnects in the IC industry. However, the conventional ACF materials are facing challenges to accommodate the reduced pad and pitch size due to the micro-size particles and the particle agglomeration issue. A new interconnect material - Nanowire Anisotropic Conductive Film (NW-ACF), composed of high density copper nanowires of ~ 200 nm diameter and 10-30 µm length that are vertically distributed in a polymeric template, is developed in this work to tackle the constrains of the conventional ACFs and serves as an inter-chip interconnect solution for potential three-dimensional (3D) applications.

Chemical approaches for doping nanodevice architectures

Advanced doping technologies are key for the continued scaling of semiconductor devices and the maintenance of device performance beyond the 14 nm technology node. Due to limitations of conventional ion-beam implantation with thin body and 3D device geometries, techniques which allow precise control over dopant diffusion and concentration, in addition to excellent conformality on 3D device surfaces, are required. Spin-on doping has shown promise as a conventional technique for doping new materials, particularly through application with other dopant methods, but may not be suitable for conformal doping of nanostructures. Additionally, residues remain after most spin-on-doping processes which are often difficult to remove. In-situ doping of nanostructures is especially common for bottom-up grown nanostructures but problems associated with concentration gradients and morphology changes are commonly experienced. Monolayer doping (MLD) has been shown to satisfy the requirements for extended defect-free, conformal and controllable doping on many materials ranging from traditional silicon and germanium devices to emerging replacement materials such as III-V compounds but challenges still remain, especially with regard to metrology and surface chemistry at such small feature sizes. This article summarises and critically assesses developments over the last number of years regarding the application of gas and solution phase techniques to dope silicon-, germanium- and III-V-based materials and nanostructures to obtain shallow diffusion depths coupled with high carrier concentrations and abrupt junctions.

Atténuation d'effets non linéaires dans les lasers fibrés de haute puissance opérés en régime continu

Les lasers à fibre de haute puissance sont maintenant la solution privilégiée pour les applications de découpe industrielle. Le développement de lasers pour ces applications n’est pas simple en raison des contraintes qu’imposent les normes industrielles. La fabrication de lasers fibrés de plus en plus puissants est limitée par l’utilisation d’une fibre de gain avec une petite surface de mode propice aux effets non linéaires, d’où l’intérêt de développer de nouvelles techniques permettant l’atténuation de ceux-ci. Les expériences et simulations effectuées dans ce mémoire montrent que les modèles décrivant le lien entre la puissance laser et les effets non linéaires dans le cadre de l’analyse de fibres passives ne peuvent pas être utilisés pour l’analyse des effets non linéaires dans les lasers de haute puissance, des modèles plus généraux doivent donc développés. Il est montré que le choix de l’architecture laser influence les effets non linéaires. En utilisant l’équation de Schrödinger non linéaire généralisée, il a aussi été possible de montrer que pour une architecture en co-propagation, la diffusion Raman influence l’élargissement spectral. Finalement, les expériences et les simulations effectuées montrent qu’augmenter la réflectivité nominale et largeur de bande du réseau légèrement réfléchissant de la cavité permet d’atténuer la diffusion Raman, notamment en réduisant le gain Raman effectif.