Ett bokprojekt på en multikulturell förskola : - Vad krävs av ett arbetssätt för att barn, som har svenskasom sitt andra språk, ska lära sig nya ord på svenskagenom barnlitteratur?

Syftet är att undersöka ett arbetssätt för att stödja barn med annat modersmål änsvenska i deras språkutveckling på svenska, med fokus på ordförrådsutveckling.· Att beskriva arbetssättet så som pedagogerna beskriver det.· Hur kan man konkretisera ord och ords betydelse?· Har föräldrar sett någon utveckling i sina barns ordförråd? I så fall vilken?· Vilka för- och nackdelar har arbetssättet och hur kan det utvecklas?Studien är kvalitativ, en fallstudie har gjorts på en förskola där majoriteten av barnenhar svenska som sitt andraspråk. Materialet utgörs av intervjuer med pedagoger, somarbetat med bokprojekt som metod för att stimulera språkutvecklingen av svenskaspråket, och föräldrar vars barn deltagit i projektet.Resultatet visar att projektets styrka är att det stärker gruppgemenskapen ibarngruppen vilket också får positiv effekt på språkutvecklingen. Bokprojektet germöjlighet till stöd i upprepningar, konkret material, skapande, lek och en bredd påolika scaffoldingstrategier som pedagogerna tillämpar. Utifrån ettordinlärningsperspektiv tyder resultatet på att projektet varit mest effektivt för barnsom redan kan tillräcklig svenska för att förstå sammanhanget i boken. Bara två av defyra föräldrarna som intervjuats ger exempel på ord som kan knytas till förskolansbokprojekt. Arbetssättet brister i att pedagogerna valt en enda och för vissa barnmycket svår bok. I studien ges inga exempel på att projektboken läses påmodersmålet. I förhållande till tidigare forskning framstår det som en stor brist.Förslag på utveckling: Fler och enklare böcker, stöd på modersmålet, knytaspråkutvecklande lekar till projektet och utveckla ett tydligt planeringsunderlag förpedagogerna där målen från läroplanen följs upp.

Motivation genom sponsring : En studie som utvärderar sponsringens möjligheter till ökad motivation bland personalen i en organisation

Sponsring är ett utbyte och en marknadsföringsmetod som används av allt fler organisationer. Med syftet att påverka personalen i en organisation är sponsring en relativt oanvänd metod för marknadsföring. Trots detta så påverkar sponsring personalen oavsett organisationens målsättning med sponsring. Syftet med studien är att utvärdera om sponsring fungerar som ett verktyg för motivation i en specifik organisation, sedan utvärderas hur sponsring bidrar till motivation. För att besvara syftet genomfördes en kvantitativ studie i form av en enkätundersökning. Denna genomfördes hos vårt studieobjekt Länsförsäkringar i Gävleborg. Analysen av den insamlade datan har genomförts med stöd av den teoretiska referensramen. Resultatet av studien visar att sponsring kan användas till att motivera personalen på Länsförsäkringar. Dock så är organisationens nuvarande sponsring något som inte tydligt motiverar personalen. Länsförsäkringar vill med sin sponsring bidra till samhället och på så sätt skapa engagemang och stolthet bland personalen. Sponsring får personalen att känna stolthet men däremot inget tydligt engagemang. Länsförsäkringar är bra på att informera personalen om sponsring, däremot så är organisationen inte lika bra på att lyssna till personalens värderingar kring sponsring. Det bristande engagemanget skulle då kunna bero på att personalen inte får tycka till om organisationens sponsring.

Arbetslöshet som en icke önskvärd konsekvens av socialbidrag : Resultat från en tidsserieanalys på befolkningsnivå i Sverige 1946–1990

Unemployment as an unintended consequence of social assistance recipiency: results from a time-series analysis of aggregated population data Does the frequency of unemployment have a tendency to increase the number of social assistance recipients, or does the relationship work the other way around? This article utilizes Swedish annual data on aggregated unemployment and means-tested social assistance recipiency in the period 1946–1990 and proposes a multiple time-series approach based on vector error-correction modelling to establish the direction of influence. First, we show that rates of unemployment and receipt of social assistance is co-integrated. Second, we demonstrate that adjustments to the long-run equilibrium are made through adjustments of the unemployment. This indicates that the level of unemployment reacts to changes in rates of social assistance recipiency rather than vice versa. It is also shown that lagged changes in the level of unemployment do not predict changes in rates of social assistance recipients in short-term. Together these findings demonstrate that the number of social assistance recipients does increase the number of unemployed in a period characterized by low unemployment and high employment.

Ge mig nåt som känns! : Uppfattningar om framgång bland svenska oberoende skivbolag

Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv

Barn som offer och aktörer

Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv

Mellan etnologi och modern sociologi : K. Rob. V. Wikman som medlare i Finland och Sverige

Between ethnology and sociology: K. Rob. V. Wikman as a mediator in Finland and Sweden K. Rob. V. Wikman, professor in sociology at the Åbo Akademi University in Turku, Finland, played a central role both within Finnish and Swedish sociology in the 1940s and 1950s. He was a student of Westermarck and thus his own research represented an ethnosociological tradition, which at that time was challenged by modern, American-influenced sociological ideas. The aim of this article is to discuss the adaptation of “modern sociology” and the drawing of boundaries in Nordic sociology after the Second World War by focusing on Wikman’s work in Finnish as well as Swedish sociology, especially the assessor assignments he was given, and by giving emphasis to some of those that served as border poles or border markers in this process. The comparative starting point gives us reason to discuss some nationally characterized similarities and differences that can be observed in the establishment process of modern sociology in Finland and Sweden.

Five Little Monkeys Jumping on the Bed : En litteraturstudie om hur arbete med sång, rim och ramsor kan främja barns utveckling av engelska som främmande språk i grundskolans tidigare år.

Syftet med litteraturstudien är att undersöka hur arbete med sång, rim och ramsor kan främja yngre elevers språkutveckling i engelska som främmande språk. Detta görs genom att fokusera på främjandet av barns språkinlärning, hur lärare bör arbeta med sång, rim och ramsor inom engelska som främmande språk, samt lärares attityder till ett sådant arbetssätt. Arbetet genomfördes som en systematisk litteraturstudie innehållande en bakgrund med relevant teori, samt analys av fem vetenskapliga studier rörande ämnet. Dessa gav möjlighet till en bred bild av området, då länder och perspektiv varierade. Studierna valdes ut genom sökning i databaser efter relevans och tillförlitlighet. I studiernas resultat framgick att majoriteten av tillfrågade lärare och elever var positivt inställda till arbete med sång och ramsor i engelskundervisning, och den språkutveckling dessa metoder innebar. Genom arbete med läraren som förebild motiverades eleverna. Dock fanns en avsaknad av material och kunskap för att kunna genomföra och bedöma undervisning innehållande sång och ramsor. En avsaknad av rim i de studier som analyserats berörs även i studien, likaså en brist på svenska studier. Sammanfattningsvis verkar sång och ramsor enligt de granskade studierna ha ett värde i engelskundervisning. Dock finns det behov av mer forskning och kunskap för att få starkare underlag för användning av dessa metoder i undervisning.

Självet, rollerna och pågående koordinationer av mänskliga handlingar : Om att försöka se ’samhället’ som något annat än fängelse eller marionetteater

The self, roles and the ongoing coordination of human action. Trying to see ‘society’ as neither prison nor puppet theatre In the article it is argued that structural North-American role-sociology may be integrated with theories emphasizing ‘society’ as ongoing processes (f. ex. Giddens’ theory of structuration). This is possible if the concept of role is defined as a recurrence oriented to the action of others standing out as a regularity in a societal process. But this definition makes it necessary to in a fundamental way understand what kind of social being the role-actor is. This is done with the help of Hans Joas’ theory of creativity and Merleau-Pontys concept of ‘flesh’ arguing that Meads concept of the ‘I’ maybe understood as an embodied self-asserting I, which at least in reflexive modernity has the creative power to split Meads ‘me’ into a self-voiced subject-me and an other voiced object-me. The embodied I communicating with the subject-me may be viewed as that role-actor which is something else than the role played. But this kind of role-actor is making for new troubles because it is hard to understand how this kind of self is creating self-coherence by using Meads concept of ‘the generalized other’. This trouble is handled by using Alain Touraines concept of the ‘subject’ and arguing that the generalized other is dissolving in de-modernized modernity. In split modernity self-coherence may instead be created by what in the article is called the generalized subject. This concept means a kind of communicative future based evaluation, which has its base in the ‘subject’ opposing the split powers of both the instrumentality of markets and of life-worlds trying to create ‘fundamentalistic’ self-identities. This kind of self is communicative because it also must respect the other as ‘subject’. It exists only in the battle against the forces of the market or a community. It never constructs an ideal city or a higher type of individual. It creates and protects a clearing that is constantly being invaded, to use the words of the old Frenchman himself. Asa kind of test-case it is by the way in the article shown how Becks concept of individualization may be understood in a deeply social and role-sociological way.

I andras hem : Om minnesarbete som förnyelse av familjesociologi

In the home of others: exploring new sites and methods when investigating the doings of gender, class and ethnicity What role does the experience of being in and observing other people’s home play informing one’s gender and class identities and family aspirations? And how can it be explored? Through the traditions of socialization theory the everyday/-night experiences of family life are objectified into an institution (the family) with abstracted relations (mother-father-child) and functions (”primary socialization”). This is a view directly related to ruling relations through which the family is institutionalized, by rules and regulations, and made accountable as such. Hereby the question of experiences of other sites (and localities!) and other relations when forming one’s gender and family aspirations are not raised. In this article it is argued that when using an alternative approach (the method of inquiry proposed by Dorothy E. Smith) and alternative methods (memory work) the door to other homes is opened. Using experience stories a picture is drawn where new sites and relations are made visible as crucial contexts where gender and family life is explored and learned. By illuminating the ”work knowledge” of family life another way of mapping is presented, a way that extends and transforms the traditions within family research.

Tillväxt som kontrovers : Ekonomers och sociologers debatt om den svenska offentliga sektorn

The controversy of growth: a debate between economists and sociologists about the Swedish public sector Has the ‘Swedish model’ forced Sweden into stagnating economic growth? And has this caused Sweden to lag behind other comparable OECD-countries from the 1970s and onwards, i.e. since Sweden chose a welfare path different from many other countries? This has been the subject of a more than twenty year long controversy between Walter Korpi, professor of sociology and social policy, and leading Swedish mainstream economists. In a series of articles, especially during the years of economic crisis in the 1990s, Walter Korpi claimed that other reasons than the Swedish model has to be taken into account when comparing welfare states and their impact on economic growth, while the economists have persistently maintained the opposite view. These disputes over statistics and methodology have developed into what is here referred to as a science based controversy. This article analyzes the controversy between sociology and economy in accordance with controversy theory. In this way we can consider both the underlying social as well as political aspects of the debate, which leads to the conclusion that not every aspect of a science-based controversy is a byproduct of science itself.

Natthärbärget som vandrande lösning

The shelter as a recurrent solution to homelessness During most of the 20th century shelters for the homeless has been criticized as being of too low standard and an unworthy way of living in a welfare society. During the 1960s and 1970s most shelters in Sweden were shut down and replaced with other forms of housing for the homeless. Since the late 1980s and early 1990s the issue of homelessness has returned to the political agenda as an existing social problem in Sweden. In this period we have also experienced a return of the shelters. These newly opened shelters are in many ways based on the same ideas like the old shelters described in stories of poverty and deprivation from the 19th century. In our article we raise the question how a system that has been rejected and condemned from both ethical and ideological standpoints as an unworthy way of living can be “remodernized” and considered again as a (temporary) solution to homelessness. We examine how shelters are justified in the 21st century and what functions they fill. We also discuss the fact that the shelters are almost exclusively run by (religious) voluntary organizations.

Barn som förlorat en nära anhörig : Pedagogers bemötande av barn i sorg

Mitt examensarbete handlar om barn i sorg och pedagogers syn kring barn sorgarbete. Jag har intervjuat fyra verksamma pedagoger från förskolan till grundskolas tidigare år. Forskning har visat att det finns för lite kunskap kring barn i sorg i förskolan och skolan. Därmed såg fanns intresse att undersöka huruvida detta stämde överens med forskningen. Jag har även undersök hur länge pedagoger anser att sorg är ett argument för minskad skollust. Pedagogerna jag intervjuat har berättat för mig att de känner sig osäkra kring arbetet med barn i sorg och att de sedan tidigare har få kunskaper i ämnet.

Sociologi som erotik

Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv

”När man kollar på bilden tänker man så här” : en receptionsstudie av gymnasieelevers uppfattning om bilder som kunskapskällor i historieundervisningen

Images are used in history education for a variety of reasons, not least to generate interest through a better understanding of historical events and people. The aim of this study was to investigate how historical pictures, either illustrated or documentary/photographic, can be used as a resource for activating and improving pupils' historical empathy, in the way described by Stéphane Lévasque. I conducted a reception study on five different focus groups consisting of pupils from different upper secondary schools in Sweden. The pupils varied with regard to number of credits for admission to upper secondary school. A sixth group of pupils was interviewed as a contrasting control group in order to add perspective to the results. The discussions were based on the pupils' interpretations of 34 selected pictures, all of which were taken from the most common history textbooks. Each pupil was asked to choose the picture he/she felt was the most representative historical image. On the basis of the strategies used by the pupils when interpreting the pictures and discussing them, the material was analysed in accordance with Lévesque's categories: imagination, historical contextualisation and morals. The last category, morals, was further divided into three sub-categories: sense of justice, sympathy and progression. The reflections of the pupils and the degree of contextualisation varied. It appeared that the pupils were less inclined to discuss assumptions about the persons in the pictures; instead they chose to discuss the historical context in question. The pictures in this study did not seem to trigger the pupils to fabricate anachronistic reasoning about history; when they did produce lengthy reasoning, it was contextual, structural and metahistorical. In this context, the pupils who belonged to the group with the highest average of credits showed some signs of reflection on the basis of historical context and some criticism about the historical sources. On no occasion did any of the pupils choose a picture as a concrete expression of injustice. One of the questions this study aimed to explore was whether a lack of historical context affects how pictures trigger emotions and reasoning on the basis of moral aspects. Some of the pupils displayed moral standpoints, primarily the degree of morals concerning injustice. One possible interpretation could be that the feeling of being unfairly treated and subjected to insulting behaviour and social injustice was something the pupils could relate to. The group of pupils who had not yet studied history at upper secondary school, the control group, generally made reflections using this sort of reasoning when they discussed the historical aspects of the pictures.