Implementing a Videoconferencing Studio in Cape Verde to Support a Blended Learning Education System

In 2004, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation invited the University of Aveiro to develop an education and training program in advanced topics of ICT for Cape Verde. The focus should be on technologies to support the development of distance education. Two years later, when the program was started, the University of Aveiro had a high-performance videoconferencing Studio installed by the Foundation for National Scientific Computing. However, the investment to duplicate this high quality structure and operating costs were not compatible neither with the project’s budget nor with the technological options available in Cape Verde. This paper demonstrates the decision-making process by an economically viable option to meet the needs and local peculiarities.

Construction d'une communauté apprenante dans le contexte de la réforme le cas d'un récit d'apprentissage d'une équipe-école au Brésil

Cette thèse résulte d'une recherche qualitative qui s'inscrit dans le domaine de la recherche-action. L'origine de cette étude vient d'un projet pilote exploratoire réalisé auprès d'enseignants dans une école secondaire du Brésil. Les problèmes de transfert quant à la formation et à l'appropriation de la réforme en éducation nous ont amenée à développer une démarche particulière.Cette démarche privilégie l'usage de l'apprentissage dans l'action selon deux approches complémentaires: l'approche du codéveloppement professionnel (Payette et Champagne, 2000) et l'approche normative de l'organisation apprenante (Senge et al ., 2000) dans la construction d'une communauté apprenante dans un contexte de réforme scolaire. L'approche du codéveloppement met l'accent sur le partage des expériences, sur la réflexion individuelle et de groupe, sur les interactions structurées entre professionnels expérimentés. Elle vise à élargir les capacités d'action et de réflexion de chaque membre du groupe. L'approche normative de l'organisation apprenante suppose que l'apprentissage, comme activité collective, se produit sous certaines conditions ou certaines circonstances. Le rôle des responsables de l'organisation dans cette perspective est de créer les conditions essentielles afin que se produise l'apprentissage. L'objectif de cette recherche porte sur l'évolution du développement de la communauté d'apprentissage dans une équipe-école au Brésil. Une communauté apprenante est un groupe de personnes qui adopte une approche active, collaborative, orientée vers l'apprentissage, lequel favorise la croissance et le développement des individus pour résoudre les problèmes, les mystères et les incertitudes liées à l'enseignement et à l'apprentissage (Mitchell et Sackney, 2000). Grâce à une collecte de données articulant l'observation participante, les questions et les exercices réflexifs, nous avons pu faire émerger les données. L'analyse des données a été guidée par le modèle interactif de Huberman et Miles (1991) et de la théorie ancrée de Glaser et Strauss (1967). Le récit d'apprentissage (Roth et Kleiner, 2000), une approche qui préconise l'entrevue semi-structurée comme principal instrument de collecte des données, a permis de décrire et de comprendre l'évolution du processus et les impacts produits par les stratégies d'intervention.Cette approche se caractérise par une nouvelle façon de présenter et de raconter un changement à travers les mots et les voix des personnes impliquées. Elle est composé de sept étapes: vie réelle, sessions de planification, collecte de données, distillation, écriture et production, validité et dissémination. À la lumière des résultats, nous avons pu dégager que les stratégies d'intervention ont eu des effets significatifs sur le développement personnel, professionnel et organisationnel, que la réforme de l'éducation, dans ce cas, passe premièrement par un processus de développement individuel et de groupe et par une transformation d'une équipe-école en une communauté apprenante.Cette communauté s'avère un véritable processus dynamique, qui se construit à l'intérieur d'un espace scolaire, à partir d'échanges d'expérience et à l'aide de stratégies particulières.

A Educação em Direitos Humanos através da discussão e ação sociopolítica sobre controvérsias sociocientíficas e socioambientais

A sociedade atual, marcada por dilemas morais e políticos suscitados pelo crescimento científico e tecnológico, só será verdadeiramente democrática quando as decisões sobre as opções científicas e tecnológicas deixarem de ser entendidas como responsabilidade exclusiva de especialistas, de governos nacionais ou instâncias internacionais. A ignorância e o medo da ciência e da tecnologia podem escravizar os cidadãos na servidão do século XXI, tornando-os estranhos na sua própria sociedade e completamente dependentes da opinião de especialistas (Prewitt, 1983). Torna-se vital a passagem progressiva do conceito de cidadão passivo, governado por uma elite iluminada, para um conceito de cidadão ativo predisposto e apto a participar em processos de decisão sobre as opções de desenvolvimento que lhe são apresentadas. É neste contexto que surge o projeto “We Act”, focado na capacitação de professores e alunos para a realização de ações coletivas sobre controvérsias sociocientíficas e socioambientais (Reis, 2014a,b). Perante a gravidade das problemáticas que afetam o mundo atual, considera-se que não basta envolver os alunos na identificação e na discussão destas questões, tornando-se indispensável capacitá-los para ações coletivas fundamentadas que possam contribuir para a resolução desses problemas. Esta capacitação passa pelo desenvolvimento de competências de cidadania ativa e de consciência e eficácia políticas. Torna-se necessário que tanto professores como alunos (independentemente da sua idade) se sintam com o direito e a capacidade (o poder) de intervenção social. Com este projeto, pretende-se contrariar práticas de educação em ciência que promovem a conformidade relativamente ao conhecimento autorizado e ao discurso científico e encorajam os alunos a procurarem a aprovação de uma autoridade legitimada para validar as suas ações, em vez de os implicarem em discurso e ação críticos e democráticos (Désautels e Larochelle, 2003; Roth e Lee, 2002). Para tal, o projeto “We Act” baseia-se nos pilares da investigação, da discussão e da ação.

Outermost european regions of the atlantic area network

This paper is part of the results from the project "Implementation Strategies and Development of an Open and Distance Education System for the University of the Azores" funded by the European Social Fund. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/2327

Funding sources and fostering of educational projects

This paper is part of the results from the project "Implementation Strategies and Development of an Open and Distance Education System for the University of the Azores" funded by the European Social Fund. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/2327

Unlocking the technology-mediated learning process : insights and articulating actions for an institutional approach

This paper is part of the results from the project "Implementation Strategies and Development of an Open and Distance Education System for the University of the Azores" funded by the European Social Fund. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/2327

Adaptive learning in agents behaviour: a framework for electricity markets simulation

Electricity markets are complex environments with very particular characteristics. A critical issue regarding these specific characteristics concerns the constant changes they are subject to. This is a result of the electricity markets’ restructuring, which was performed so that the competitiveness could be increased, but it also had exponential implications in the increase of the complexity and unpredictability in those markets scope. The constant growth in markets unpredictability resulted in an amplified need for market intervenient entities in foreseeing market behaviour. The need for understanding the market mechanisms and how the involved players’ interaction affects the outcomes of the markets, contributed to the growth of usage of simulation tools. Multi-agent based software is particularly well fitted to analyze dynamic and adaptive systems with complex interactions among its constituents, such as electricity markets. This dissertation presents ALBidS – Adaptive Learning strategic Bidding System, a multiagent system created to provide decision support to market negotiating players. This system is integrated with the MASCEM electricity market simulator, so that its advantage in supporting a market player can be tested using cases based on real markets’ data. ALBidS considers several different methodologies based on very distinct approaches, to provide alternative suggestions of which are the best actions for the supported player to perform. The approach chosen as the players’ actual action is selected by the employment of reinforcement learning algorithms, which for each different situation, simulation circumstances and context, decides which proposed action is the one with higher possibility of achieving the most success. Some of the considered approaches are supported by a mechanism that creates profiles of competitor players. These profiles are built accordingly to their observed past actions and reactions when faced with specific situations, such as success and failure. The system’s context awareness and simulation circumstances analysis, both in terms of results performance and execution time adaptation, are complementary mechanisms, which endow ALBidS with further adaptation and learning capabilities.

Representations of Portugal in Herman Hesse

The aim of my research is to answer the question: How is Portugal seen by non-Portuguese fictionists? The main reason why I chose this research line is the following: Portuguese essayists like Eduardo Lourenço and José Gil (2005) focus their attention on the image or representation of Portugal as conceived by the Portuguese; indeed there is a tendency in Portuguese cultural studies (and, to a certain extent, also in Portuguese philosophical studies) to focus on studying the so-called ‗portugalidade‘ (portugueseness), i.e., the essence of being Portuguese. In my view, the problem with the studies I have been referring to is that everything is self-referential, and if ‗portugueseness‘ is an issue, then it might be useful, when dealing with it, to separate subject from object of observation. That is the reason why we, in the CEI (Centro de Estudos Interculturais), decided to start this research line, which is an inversion in the current tendency of the studies about ‗portugueseness‘: instead of studying the image or representation of Portugal by the Portuguese, my task is to study the image or representation of Portugal by the non-Portuguese, in this case, in non-Portuguese fiction. For the present paper I selected three writers of the 20th century: the German Hermann Hesse and the North-Americans Philip Roth and Paul Auster

IFN stimulated gene expression in the liver is a better predictor of treatment response in chronic hepatitis c than the IL28b (IFN lambda 3) genotype

Background: Therapy of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with pegIFNa/ribavirin achieves sustained virologic response (SVR) in ~55%. Pre-activation of the endogenous interferon system in the liver is associated non-response (NR). Recently, genome-wide association studies described associations of allelic variants near the IL28B (IFNλ3) gene with treatment response and with spontaneous clearance of the virus. We investigated if the IL28B genotype determines the constitutive expression of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) in the liver of patients with CHC. Methods: We genotyped 93 patients with CHC for 3 IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs12979860, rs8099917, rs12980275), extracted RNA from their liver biopsies and quantified the expression of IL28B and of 8 previously identified classifier genes which discriminate between SVR and NR (IFI44L, RSAD2, ISG15, IFI22, LAMP3, OAS3, LGALS3BP and HTATIP2). Decision tree ensembles in the form of a random forest classifier were used to calculate the relative predictive power of these different variables in a multivariate analysis. Results: The minor IL28B allele (bad risk for treatment response) was significantly associated with increased expression of ISGs, and, unexpectedly, with decreased expression of IL28B. Stratification of the patients into SVR and NR revealed that ISG expression was conditionally independent from the IL28B genotype, i.e. there was an increased expression of ISGs in NR compared to SVR irrespective of the IL28B genotype. The random forest feature score (RFFS) identified IFI27 (RFFS = 2.93), RSAD2 (1.88) and HTATIP2 (1.50) expression and the HCV genotype (1.62) as the strongest predictors of treatment response. ROC curves of the IL28B SNPs showed an AUC of 0.66 with an error rate (ERR) of 0.38. A classifier with the 3 best classifying genes showed an excellent test performance with an AUC of 0.94 and ERR of 0.15. The addition of IL28B genotype information did not improve the predictive power of the 3-gene classifier. Conclusions: IL28B genotype and hepatic ISG expression are conditionally independent predictors of treatment response in CHC. There is no direct link between altered IFNλ3 expression and pre-activation of the endogenous system in the liver. Hepatic ISG expression is by far the better predictor for treatment response than IL28B genotype.

When the Line is Crossed... : Paths to Control and Sanction Behaviour Necessitating a State Reaction

The article presents a special form of a European comparative synopsis. For this case examples have been chosen ranging from administrative or minor (criminal) offences to increasingly serious offences and offenders. In this way it can be comparatively demonstrated how the criminal justice systems studied handle specific cases and whether they do so in a similar or different way.

Effect of embryo culture media on birthweight and length in singleton term infants after IVF-ICSI.

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: To investigate if two distinct, commercially available embryo culture media have a different effect on birthweight and length of singleton term infants conceived after IVF-ICSI. METHODS: University hospital based cohort study. Between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2004, patients conceiving through IVF-ICSI at the University Hospital, Lausanne have been allocated to two distinct embryo culture media. Only term singleton pregnancies were analysed (n = 525). Data analysis was performed according to two commercially available culture media: Vitrolife (n = 352) versus Cook (n = 173). Analysis was performed through linear regression adjusted for confounders. Media were considered equivalent if the 95% confidence interval lay between -150 g/+150 g. RESULTS: Length, gestational age and distribution of birthweight percentiles did not differ between groups (for both genders). Analysis of the whole cohort, adjusted for a subset of confounders, resulted in a statistically not different mean birthweight between the two groups (Vitrolife +37 g vs Cook, 95%CI: -46 g to 119 g) suggesting equivalence. Adjustment for an enlarged number of confounders in a subsample of patients (n = 258) also revealed no relevant mean birthweight difference of +71 g (95%CI: -45 g to 187 g) in favour of Vitrolife; however, lacking power to prove equivalence. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that significant differences in birthweight due to these two distinct, commercially available embryo culture media are unlikely.

Influence des génériques sur le marché des médicaments

Ce rapport décrit le marché des médicaments remboursés par l'assurance obligatoire des soins (AOS) avec une intention particulière des génériques. En premier lieu, l'évolution des coûts et des quantités de médicaments entre 2006 et 2011; et présente la part de marché des génériques dans le marché des médicaments. Ensuite les économies résiduelles des génériques sont estimées dans l'hypothèse d'une utilisation plus étendue de ces derniers. Enfin le rapport montre l'influence des mesures des autorités fédérales dans le domaine des médicaments et de l'incidence de la commercialisation de génériques sur le prix des médicaments.

Treatment of genital mycoplasma in colonized pregnant women in late pregnancy is associated with a lower rate of premature labour and neonatal complications.

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp. may colonize the human genital tract and have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm labour and preterm premature rupture of membranes. However, as these bacteria can reside in the normal vaginal flora, there are controversies regarding their true role during pregnancy and so the need to treat these organisms. We therefore conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the treatment of genital mycoplasma in 5377 pregnant patients showing symptoms of potential obstetric complications at 25-37 weeks of gestation. Women presenting with symptoms were routinely screened by culture for the presence of these bacteria and treated with clindamycin when positive. Compared with uninfected untreated patients, women treated for genital mycoplasma demonstrated lower rates of premature labour. Indeed preterm birth rates were, respectively, 40.9% and 37.7% in women colonized with Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis, compared with 44.1% in uncolonized women (Ureaplasma spp., p 0.024; M. hominis, p 0.001). Moreover, a reduction of neonatal complications rates was observed, with 10.9% of newborns developing respiratory diseases in case of Ureaplasma spp. colonization and 5.9% in the presence of M. hominis, compared with 12.8% in the absence of those bacteria (Ureaplasma spp., p 0.050; M. hominis, p <0.001). Microbiological screening of Ureaplasma spp. and/or M. hominis and pre-emptive antibiotic therapy of symptomatic pregnant women in late pregnancy might represent a beneficial strategy to reduce premature labour and neonatal complications.