Influence of oxygen plasma treatment on properties of ZrO2 films prepared by e-beam evaporation techniques

Zirconia films were prepared by e-beam evaporation, and oxygen plasma treatment was used to modify film properties. Spectrophotometry, x-ray diffractometry (XRD), and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize refractive index, extinction coefficient, rnicrostructure, and surface roughness, respectively. The experimental results indicate that both refractive index and extinction coefficient of the films were reduced slightly after oxygen plasma treatment, with the decrease of intrinsic stress and surface roughness. From XRD spectra, the intensity decrease of the T(110) diffraction peak was clearly observed after the treatment, which was caused by the restructuring of the film atoms. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Propagation and polarization properties of hollow Gaussian beams in uniaxial crystals

Based on the paraxial vectorial theory of beams propagating in uniaxially anisotropic media, we have derived the analytical propagation equations of hollow Gaussian beams (HGBs) in uniaxial crystals, and given the typical numerical example to illustrate our analytical results. Due to the anisotropy crystals, the ordinary and extraordinary beams originated by incident HGBs propagate with different diffraction lengths, thus the linear polarization state and axial symmetry of incident HGBs do not remain during propagating in crystals. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Novel method for design of surface relief guided-mode resonant gratings at normal incidence

We demonstrate that the surface relief guided-mode resonant gratings with specified central wavelength and FWHM in the visible wavelength range can be designed by analyzing the complex poles of Reflectance and transmission coefficient matrix algorithm (RTCM), a variant of S-matrix propagation algorithm proposed for calculation of multilayer gratings. In addition, FWHM is computed with couple-mode (CM) theory of resonant gratings which is firstly extended by Norton et al. in calculation of waveguide grating. Furthermore, the side band reflections of the filter can be reduced to less than 5% in the visible wavelength with the antireflection (AR) design technique widely used in the thin-film field. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ultra-narrow bandwidth resonant reflection grating filters using the second diffracted orders

In this paper, we design resonant reflection grating filters employing the second diffracted orders as the leaky modes, then analyze the bandwidth of the reflection peak and the electric field distributions inside the wavegude under resonance. The numeric calculation confirms that ultra-narrow resonant reflection peaks can be observed in these structures. At the same time, strong electric field enhancement appears under resonance. It provides a new approach to diversify the resonant reflection filters and may open a new way to the realization of ultra-narrow bandwidth filters. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of laser preconditioning on the capacity of optical films to resist laser-induced damage

As a technique to improve the ability of optical films to resist laser-induced damage (ARLID), laser preconditioning has been investigated broadly. In this paper, the laser preconditioning effect has been analyzed based on the defect-initialized damage mechanism that the author had put forward previously. Theoretical results show that an energy density scope (PEDS) exists in which the preconditioning laser can effectively improve the ARLID of optical films. In addition, when the energy density of the testing laser pulse is altered, the boundary of PEDS will change accordingly. Experimental results have verified these theoretical assumptions. PEDS will also become wider if the critical energy density of the preconditioning laser that can induce films' micro-damage increases, or the critical energy density of the preconditioning laser that can cause laser annealing decreases. In these cases, it is relatively easy to improve the ARLID of optical films. Results of the current work show great significance in enhancing the ARLID of optical films through the laser preconditioning technique. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Antonomásias discursivas do nome próprio: uma abordagem semiótico-funcional e cognitiva

Nas gramáticas tradicionais da língua portuguesa, o estudo sobre a antonomásia, figura de linguagem que designa o processo de passagem de um nome próprio a um nome comum e vice-versa, é visto ora ligado ao conceito de metáfora, ora ligado à relação parte- todo, isto é, à metonímia. Na maioria das vezes, os exemplos mostrados nessas abordagens tradicionais estão descontextualizados, ou seja, não são retirados de um emprego discursivo- dialógico da língua. O principal objetivo desta tese é fazer uma reflexão sobre o potencial semiótico- funcional e cognitivo dos nomes próprios nas antonomásias discursivas, ou seja, aquelas que ainda não estão dicionarizadas, porque são temporárias, e, consequentemente, sua interpretação pertence ao âmbito do processamento discursivo. Tendo como base teórica a teoria dos Espaços Mentais em seu segundo momento, reconhecida como teoria da Integração Conceptual (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002), e a teoria da Iconicidade Verbal, desenvolvida por Simões (2009), baseada nos estudos semióticos de Charles Sanders Peirce, analisar-se-ão, nesta tese, os seguintes aspectos do nome próprio nas antonomásias discursivas: a forma do nome próprio, ou seja, sua plasticidade, que é a característica central da iconicidade diagramática, e a iconicidade isotópica, que age como uma espécie de condutor temático para a formação de sentido de um texto. Esses dois tipos de iconicidade se inserem numa rede mais ampla de signos denominada iconicidade verbal, ou lexical (SIMÕES, 2004), que abrange efeitos tanto de ordem discursiva (discursivização) como de ordem estilística. Assim, ao se conceber o estudo das antonomásias discursivas do nome próprio em uma perspectiva semiótico- discursiva e cognitiva, ter-se-á dado mais um passo nos estudos dos itens lexicais que atuam como organizadores de sentido de um texto

Ficção fantástica: um breve olhar pelos caminhos de um objeto mutante

A presente dissertação se propõe revisitar algumas teorias escolhidas sobre a narrativa fantástica que, por sua vez, servem de referência para o estudo e a reflexão dos textos produzidos sob o signo da estranheza, da subversão do real e da inquietação humana com o desconhecido. Para tanto, selecionamos alguns teóricos que se aventuraram pelos caminhos do fantástico na busca de entender melhor e tentar definir este tipo de texto ficcional. São eles: Peter Penzoldt, Howard Lovecraft, Sigmundo Freud, Jean-Paul Sartre, Tzvedan Todorov e Filipe Furtado. O fantástico é um exemplo de construção narrativa que relativiza o real e problematiza o debate em torno dos limites do maravilhoso e sua carga simbólica, apresentando, paralelamente, a verossimilhança que a estética realista aconselha. A narrativa fantástica nasce, então, da fratura da razão que não consegue mais dar conta de uma visão de mundo que se afigura distorcida, problemática e, muitas vezes, surreal

Strong plasmonic enhancement of photovoltage in graphene.

From the wide spectrum of potential applications of graphene, ranging from transistors and chemical sensors to nanoelectromechanical devices and composites, the field of photonics and optoelectronics is believed to be one of the most promising. Indeed, graphene's suitability for high-speed photodetection was demonstrated in an optical communication link operating at 10 Gbit s(-1). However, the low responsivity of graphene-based photodetectors compared with traditional III-V-based ones is a potential drawback. Here we show that, by combining graphene with plasmonic nanostructures, the efficiency of graphene-based photodetectors can be increased by up to 20 times, because of efficient field concentration in the area of a p-n junction. Additionally, wavelength and polarization selectivity can be achieved by employing nanostructures of different geometries.