中国胭脂鱼种群的遗传分析

采用RAPD和PCR RFLP技术 ,分析了长江中游两个中国胭脂鱼群体的遗传结构。 50个随机引物进行RAPD分析 ,有 3个引物显示了多态 ,宜昌、金口群体内个体之间的遗传相似度分别为 0 .92 74、0 .931 3 ,群体之间遗传相似度为 0 .90 0 0。 1 2个限制性内切酶分析了两群体线粒体DNAND - 5/ 6基因的限制性片段长度多态性 ,仅内切酶Ncil的酶切图谱显示了多态 ,基因型间的核苷酸序列歧化距离为 0 .2 35 % ,核苷酸多样性为 0 .0 0 4。分析表明 ,长江中游

利用三种分子标记研究缘毛类纤毛虫的系统发育地位

为了探讨缘毛类纤毛虫的系统发育地位 ,利用RAPD方法得到了 9种缘毛类纤毛虫、 1种四膜虫和1种喇叭虫的 3个随机引物的电泳带谱 ;测定了 7种缘毛类纤毛虫rRNA基因中的间隔区 1(ITS1)和小亚基核糖体核糖核酸 (SSrRNA)基因序列 ,并构建了相应的系统树。在比较和分析RAPD、ITS1和SSrRNA基因序列在缘毛类纤毛虫系统发育研究中的适用范围的基础上 ,以SSrRNA基因序列为分子标记研究了缘毛类纤毛虫系统发育地位 ,结果表明 :①缘毛亚纲是单系的 ,作为寡膜纲中一个亚纲的分类地位是合理的

异源精子诱导稀有鮈鲫的人工雌核发育

用经过紫外线灭活的异源精子启动稀有鮈鲫卵子发育,再经过热休克分别抑制极体排放和第一次卵裂,得到了极体雌核发育和有丝分裂雌核发育的存活个体。通过正交试验确定诱导极体雌核发育的最佳参数为受精后2min、40℃休克处理2min;诱导有丝分裂雌核发育的最佳参数为受精后17min、40℃休克处理2min。雌核发育个体的形态学特征没有显示出受到父本影响的迹象。RAPD分析表明雌核发育个体扩增片段全部来自于母本,没有发现异源父本DNA成分进入稀有鮈鲫基因组的迹象。实验中还发现,鲤×稀有鮈鲫的正常杂交组合能以极低的几率产

纤毛虫分子系统发育学的研究进展

在回顾纤毛虫分子系统发育学产生发展历史的基础上 ,介绍了随后 2 0年中RFLP、RAPD和DNA序列分析等分子生物学技术作为该学科的主要研究方法在种群遗传多样性与进化、种上阶元系统发育学两方面取得的研究成果和近期研究进展 ,最后在探讨纤毛虫分子系统发育学存在的一些问题和解决方法的同时 ,预测了纤毛虫分子系统发育学今后将极大地推动真核生物的起源与进化、内共生等重要生物进化问题的研究。

不同品系间斑马鱼的细胞核移植

以斑马鱼AB品系囊胚晚期胚胎细胞为细胞核供体,以斑马鱼长鳍品系未受精的去核卵为受体,进行不同品系间斑马鱼的细胞核移植.采用显微注射法,操作胚胎1119枚,获得克隆鱼14尾.RAPD分析显示,克隆鱼与细胞核供体鱼的DNA扩增带纹一致而与受体鱼不同,表明克隆鱼的遗传物质来源于供体细胞核.模式动物斑马鱼的细胞核移植技术的建立,有望在研究动物发育过程的基因功能、细胞核的发育潜能及核质关系等重要问题上发挥作用.

银鲫两个雌核发育克隆间两性生殖子代的遗传多样性分析

本研究在揭示银鲫两性生殖方式的基础上,对尾人工雌核发育克隆F的卵子与一尾天然雌核发育克隆D的精子授精所获得的18尾FD后代及其亲本进行RAPD分析。扩增结果表明,在18尾FD子代中可检测到丰富的DNA多态片段,这些多态片段来自于银鲫两性生殖的重组。FD子代的扩增图谱不仅与母本的扩增图谱不同,而且个体间的扩增图谱也存在着较大的差异。这些差异的DNA片段根据其来源可基本分为四类。与异精刺激雌核发育的子代的情况不同,两性生殖FD子代间平均遗传距离高达0.23±0.123,远远高于异精刺激雌核发育的子代间的平均遗

野生和近交稀有鮈鲫的遗传多样性

用RAPD技术对稀有鲫近交 10代及 3个野生群体的遗传多样性和群体间差异进行了研究。无论从多态位点的比例、个体间的共带率还是从多样性指数来看 ,近交 10代的遗传多样性极低。在 2 2 6个RAPD位点中 ,野生群体有近半数的位点是多态的 ,Shannon多样性指数在 0 .2 911～ 0 .32 35间 ,表明自然群体保持了较丰富的遗传多样性。近交 10代与野生群体间遗传差异十分明显。野生群体间在 11～ 19个位点上的表型频率存在显著差异 ,总遗传多样性的 91.33%来自群体内 ,8.6 7%

中华鲟随机扩增多态性DNA及遗传多样性研究

采用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术进行了连续３年（１９９５－１９９７）共７０尾来源于长江水系中华鲟样本遗传分析。共用了４０个 １０ｂｐ长的随机引物，在 ２６种可供分析的引物中，只有ＯＰＫ０１、ＯＰＫ０２、ＯＰＫ０３、ＯＰＫ０９、ＯＰＫ１４和ＯＰＱ０８ＲＡＰＤ－ＰＣＲ产物有多态现象，多态引物占２３％。２６个引物中共扩增出１０８条稳定的ＤＮＡ带。其中１２条带为多态带，多态座位比例为１１．１％。个体间遗传距离变动为０．９５１　０－１．０００ ０，平均为０．９７４ ３。 １９９５、１９９６和１９９７年的遗传

7种鲟形目鱼类亲缘关系的随机扩增多态性DNA研究

为阐明鲟形目鱼类的系统发育关系,采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对中华鲟、达氏鲟、史氏鲟、意大利鲟、短吻鲟、长江白鲟和匙吻鲟的基因组进行了研究。13个引物在每个种共产生127个信息座位。按UPGMA聚类法构建这7种鲟形目鱼类的分子系统树。分子系统树首先分成两大支,即长江白鲟和匙吻鲟为一支,其他5种鲟科鱼类为对应的另一支。在5种鲟科鱼类中,我国3种鲟科鱼类中华鲟、达氏鲟和史氏鲟聚在一起,与意大利鲟和短吻鲟分开。我国3种鲟科鱼类又可分成两小支,中华鲟和达氏鲟为一支与史氏鲟相对应。由分子系统树得到的各个

空间飞行对稻田鱼腥藻遗传特性的影响

通过对具有高固氮酶活性的稻田鱼腥藻返地克隆株（ＡｏＳＲ１６）的回复再搭载及其返地样品的单克隆实验，发现空间飞行环境能导致该藻株再次出现性状分离现象，即部分单克隆株仍保持高固氮酶活性（如ＡｏＳＲ１６－１７），而另一部分单克隆株则回复到原始出发株（ＡｎａｂａｅｎａｏｒｙｚａＨＢ２３）的固氮酶活性水平。对ＡｏＳＲ１６－１７进行近两年的地面保持培养发现，这种高固氮酶活性的性状是可以遗传的。进一步通过ＲＡＰＤ分析方法，运用１２０个１０核苷酸随机引物对ＡｏＳＲ１６－１７和原始出发株的基因组ＤＮＡ进行多态性研究，结果发

Increasing the genetic uniformity of bighead carp [Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson)] by means of spontaneous diploidization of gynogenetically activated eggs

Three groups of gynogenetic diploid bighead carp were successfully obtained by means of artificial gynogenesis. The activation rates of gynogenesis varied from 75.9% to 98.8%, and the frequency of spontaneous diploidization was around 0.4%. Over 2000 normally gynogenetic diploid fry were obtained in three gynogenetic groups. The haploid karyotype consisted of nine metacentric, 12 submetacentric, three subtelocentric chromosomes and 45 arms. The chromosome number was 48 from gynogenetic diploid. The results showed that the genetic material of offspring was maternal. The aneuploid hybrid embryos of bighead carp and Xingguo red common carp with chromosome numbers ranging from 28 to 73 did not survive post hatch, likely the result of incompatibility between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of two parents. Sixty RAPD primers from three groups were used for total DNA amplification of gynogenetic offspring, maternal and 'paternal' fish. A total of 451 bands were amplified from three kinds of samples above. From maternal bighead carp, 256 bands were amplified; however, there were 251 shared bands between maternal and gynogenetic bighead carp. From artificial gynogenetic offspring, two 'paternal' DNA segments without an expression function were found. An UPGMA tree showed that gynogenetic offspring were closely clustered and the genetic identity among them was very high (0.956).

DNA polymorphism of the plankton community and its relationships to species composition in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of the Yangtze River

We examined DNA polymorphism of the plankton community in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Yangtze River and studied its relationships to species composition. Samples of the plankton community were collected from nine sampling sites and analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Nine of 60 screened primers generated a total of 88 observable 180 to 1400 by bands, all of which were polymorphic. Cluster analysis of the resulting binary format from DNA banding patterns grouped the target communities into three clusters. The topology of the constructed diagram from species composition data was generally similar to that based on RAPD markers.

Identification, cloning, and characterization of microsatellite DNA in Euglena gracilis

Microsatellite DNA has been developed into one of the most popular genetic markers. We have identified and cloned microsatellite loci in the genome of a free-living protozoan Euglena gracilis FACHB-848, using the random amplified microsatellites method (RAMS). The digoxigenin-labelled oligonucleotides(CT)(10) and (GT)(10) served as probes to detect complementary sequences in the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints produced by means of Southern blotting. Subsequently, positive RAPD fragments were cloned. From a total of 31 RAPD primer profiles, eight microsatellite loci of E. gracilis were detected and characterized. Further, six sites (i.e. EGMS1, EGMS3, EGMS4, EGMS5, EGMS6, and EGMS7) showed polymorphisms. We found a GT or CT microsatellite every 10.5 kb in the genome of E. gracilis, and similar to animal genomes, the (GT)(n) motif was much more abundant than the (CT)(n) motif. These polymorphic microsatellite DNA will serve as advantageous molecular markers for studying the genetic diversity and molecular ecology of Euglena.

Rapid establishment of pure lines of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molirix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis)

The diversity of gynogenetic, artificial sex reversal and natural silver carp and bighead carp is examined using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. All of the 187 bands are obtained and 19 (10.16%) of them are polymorphic in gynogenetic silver carp. Meanwhile 32 (15.61%) out of 205 bands are polymorphic in control group. In gynogenetic bighead carp a total of 232 bands are identified and 11 (4.74%) out of them are polymorphic, while 25 (10.37%) out of 241 bands are polymorphic in control group. The genetic distance of four populations is calculated and it is 0.102 and 0.023 for gynogenetic silver carp and gynogenetic bighead carp respectively. The values of natural silver carp and bighead carp are 0.161 and 0.104. From the UPGMA trees constructed based on genetic distance, the sex reversal individuals that match with the gynogenetic female individuals are picked out. A new breeding process of establishing a pure line is developed.

Reproduction mode of an artificial allotetraploid carp (Pisces; Cyprinidae)

Mature eggs of allotetraploid carp were activated by inactive sperm or crossed with normal sperms of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (Carassius auratus), Chinese blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), Hemiculter leucisculus and Pseudorasbora parva. Chromosome counts showed that all offspring of these crosses presented a mode number of 200 chromosomes (4n = 200), and their morphological traits are much like maternal. Microsatelite marker and RAPD patterns between allotetraploid maternal and its offspring, reproduced from different paternal species, were identical. Cytological, morphological and molecular evidences suggested that allotetraploid carp female nucleus would not fuse with any male nucleus and its reproduction mode might be gynogenesis and therefore their offspring are retaining their tetraploidy and give origin to clonal individuals.