Proposta didàctica: els temes en context

En aquesta proposta didàctica s'ofereixen algunes estratègies de treball per abordar el tema de l'aprenentatge de terminologia especialitzada a l'últim cicle de l'educació primària. La idea de què es parteix per fer una proposta d'aquesta mena és que la terminologia té un paper fonamental en el procés de coneixement i definició del món que ens envolta; per això es proposen unes activitats sobre el reconeixement dels conceptes i les seves relacions com un mitjà per construir el coneixement. L'article s'estructura en uns continguts teòrics adreçats al professorat i en unes activitats per als estudiants, preparades amb l'objectiu de treballar la terminologia en context.

El Programa EnginyCat a l’Escola Superior Politècnica: mentoría, suport acadèmic i adaptació al nou context formatiu

L’Escola Superior Politècnica (ESUP) de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra, amb el suport del Consell Social va iniciar el curs 2009-2010 un Pla de Mentors (EnginyCat) adreçat als estudiants de primer curs dels Graus TIC. Aquesta és una iniciativa del Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Empreses de la Generalitat de Catalunya i la seva missió és aproximar l’Enginyeria -el coneixement científic i tecnològic- als joves catalans. Els objectius de l’ESUP amb aquest programa són: donar suport motivacional als nouvinguts, orientar-los durant el desenvolupament de tasques acadèmic-formatives iatendre qüestions més quotidianes. Les avaluacions realitzades fins al moment reflecteixen un notable grau de satisfacció dels estudiants.

Finding a suitable job: the effect of the institutional context on self-perceived over-education

The current research compares the perception of over-education in four different European countries, resorting to European Household Panel Data. The results confirm that the type of educational system accounts for some of the cross-national differences in self-perceived over-education. In qualificational spaces, like Denmark, where vocational training receives more importance, self-perceived over-education is not associated as much with educational attainment as in the so-called’ organisational spaces’, like Spain, France and Italy. Yet, the results confirm that, controlling for the system of education, the traits and regulation of the labour market also have an effect on over-education. Thus, in Spain, where temporary employment has soared in recent decades, this type of contract is clearly associated with the perception of over-education, to a much higher extent than in Italy or France. Temporary contracts in Spain may not work as a steppig stone for attaining a job suitable to the training received by the individual, as they may in the case of France or Italy. In sum, not only institutions offering skills and human capital, but labour market regulation as well, have a clear impact on the incidence of over-education.

Reconciling context and contact with immigrants effects: an examination of the Catalan case

Contact theory and threat group theory offer contradictory hypotheses regarding the effect of contact with immigrants. Despite recent efforts to test the validity of both approaches, we still lack a definitive conclusion. This article integrates both approaches and tests the effect of contact towards immigrants and how this changes when different contexts are considered. Mainly, we investigate the effect of the economic environment and the immigrant group size on modifying attitudes toward immigration. The hypotheses, which are tested in Catalonia, show that contact with immigrants reduce negative attitudes towards immigration, especially friendship and family contact. However, mixed results are reported regarding the effect of economic environment and immigrant group size. Whereas the former modifies positively the effect of workplace contact, the latter has no effect. Findings have implications for the impact of context when dealing with the impact of contact on attitudes towards immigration.

Symptoms, comorbidity, and clinical course of depression in immigrants: Putting psychopathology in context.

BACKGROUND: Migration is considered a depression risk factor when associated with psychosocial adversity, but its impact on depression's clinical characteristics has not been specifically studied. We compared 85 migrants to 34 controls, examining depression's severity, symptomatology, comorbidity profile and clinical course. METHOD: A MINI interview modified to assess course characteristics was used to assign DSM-IV axis I diagnoses; medical files were used for Somatoform Disorders. Severity was assessed with the Montgomery-Asberg scale. Wherever possible, we adjusted comparisons for age and gender using logistic and linear regressions. RESULTS: Depression in migrants was characterized by higher comorbidity (mostly somatoform and anxiety disorders), higher severity, and a non-recurrent, chronic course. LIMITATIONS: Our sample comes from a single center, and should be replicated in other health care facilities and other countries. Somatoform disorder diagnoses were solely based on file-content. CONCLUSION: Depression in migrants presented as a complex, chronic clinical picture. Most of our migrant patients experienced significant psychosocial adversity before and after migration: beyond cultural issues, our results suggest that psychosocial adversity impacts on the clinical expression of depression. Our study also suggests that migration associated with psychosocial adversity might play a specific etiological role, resulting in a distinct clinical picture, questioning the DSM-IV unitarian model of depression. The chronic course might indicate a resistance to standard therapeutic regimen and hints at the necessity of developing specific treatment strategies, adapted to the individual patients and their specific context.

L'Adquisició de les propietats morfosintàctiques i discursives dels pronoms clítics catalans en un context escolar

Els pronoms clítics representen una de les idiosincràsies més singulars de la llengua catalana, tant pel seu polimorfisme com per les funcions sintàctiques i discursives que poden exercir en una oració. L’interès principal del nostre estudi és que, tot i les semblances dels sistemes pronominals inherents a les llengües romàniques, unes diferències fonamentals les separen tenint en compte els pronoms clítics: és el cas del català i del portuguès. Per aquest motiu, ens hem proposat d’observar l’adquisició dels pronoms clítics catalans per part d’alumnes que tenen com a primera llengua el portuguès i el català com a segona. Els pronoms objecte d’estudi han estat, d’una banda, els d’acusatiu i de datiu: tot i que són semblants en català i en portuguès pel que fa a la forma, ocupen posicions respecte del verb oposades. D’altra banda, els pronoms catalans en i hi no tenen equivalents en portuguès i, per tant, és rellevant observar-ne l’ús en lusoparlants, sobretot en contextos en què apareixen com a pronom de represa d’un element dislocat.

Tissue biomarker development in a multicentre trial context: a feasibility study on the PETACC3 stage II and III colon cancer adjuvant treatment trial.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the feasibility of biomarker development in the context of multicenter clinical trials. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples were collected from a prospective adjuvant colon cancer trial (PETACC3). DNA was isolated from tumor as well as normal tissue and used for analysis of microsatellite instability, KRAS and BRAF genotyping, UGT1A1 genotyping, and loss of heterozygosity of 18 q loci. Immunohistochemistry was used to test expression of TERT, SMAD4, p53, and TYMS. Messenger RNA was retrieved and tested for use in expression profiling experiments. RESULTS: Of the 3,278 patients entered in the study, FFPE blocks were obtained from 1,564 patients coming from 368 different centers in 31 countries. In over 95% of the samples, genomic DNA tests yielded a reliable result. Of the immmunohistochemical tests, p53 and SMAD4 staining did best with reliable results in over 85% of the cases. TERT was the most problematic test with 46% of failures, mostly due to insufficient tissue processing quality. Good quality mRNA was obtained, usable in expression profiling experiments. CONCLUSIONS: Prospective clinical trials can be used as framework for biomarker development using routinely processed FFPE tissues. Our results support the notion that as a rule, translational studies based on FFPE should be included in prospective clinical trials.

La Traducció al català en el context de la Unió Europea

"Traducció jurídicoeconòmica d'una fragment del Tractat pel qual s'estableix una Constitució per a Europa, amb el propòsit d'establir una sèrie de directrius sòlides per a la traducció al català en el context de la Unió Europea, tot seguint les indicacions dels organismes catalans competents."

La CPP en el context sanitari

Finançament del Nou Hospital Universitari de Son Dureta: Col·laboració público-privadaes un treball de recerca que tracta sobre la financiació d’un hospital respecte a la sevaconstrucció i la posterior explotació.En aquest treball podem trobar dos parts ben diferenciades: la part teòrica i la part practica.En la primera part del treball analitzem com és un contracte de col·laboració públicoprivada(CPP), per després identificar els principals axiomes d’aquests tipus de contractesen el contracte de CPP que s’ha realitzat per la financiació del Nou Hospital de Son Dureta.En la segona part, analitzem la col·laboració publico- privada que s’ha realitzat en aquesthospital concret. S’ha analitzat des de un punt de vista econòmic, polític i social.També s’ha fet una comparació de la col·laboració público-privada envers la col·laboraciótradicional. Les conclusions de la comparació son des de el punt de vista de l’administració,el sector privat i dels usuaris.És realment més eficient, econòmicament parlant, la col·laboració público-privada que lacol·laboració tradicional?La CPP és un recurs que utilitza l’estat per tal de disminuir el deute i sanejar els seuscomptes?Realment es guanya amb qualitat per l’entrada del sector privat en temes d’administraciópública?Qui és el principal beneficiat per la realització d’aquest tipus de col·laboració (sectorpúblic, sector privat, usuaris)?Aquestes són algunes de les hipòtesi que hem intentat anar responent al llarg del treball.

Organization of healthcare and assistance to the elderly indigenous population: synergies and particularities of the professional context

This study aimed to describe the effects of the organization of primary healthcare on the assistance provided to the elderly Kaingang population, according to the perception of health professionals that work in this area. It is a qualitative and descriptive study, supported by ethnography methodological references, and was conducted with ten healthcare professionals that work in Faxinal, an indigenous territory in the state of Paraná, in Brazil. Data was collected from November 2010 to February 2012 through participant observation and interviews. The results revealed that health professionals strive to meet the health needs of the elderly Kaingang people; however, there are negative effects that hinder the professional care, especially limited human resources, lack of training and material resources, heavy workload and high turnover rates. This study highlights the need to improve work conditions in order to provide better healthcare.

Nursing: promoting the health of overweight children and adolescents in the school context

The study aimed to analyze the nursing interventions related to the competencies of health promotion of overweight children and adolescents in the school context, in light of the Galway Consensus through an integrative review. Articles published between 1988 and June, 2013 were found in the databases CINAHL, SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS and SciELO. A total of 139 publications were obtained from indexed descriptors. Ten articles were selected after reading. The most evident competencies for health promotion were: catalyzing change, needs assessment and impact assessment. The highlights were activities of health education and partnerships with other health professionals and the families of students. It was found that the skills of health promotion developed by nurses can contribute to the adoption of healthy habits by overweight children and adolescents.

In the context of a daycare center: nursing and their representations of child care as an educational act

This study aimed to analyze the social representations in the professionals of technical staff, who work with children at USP daycare centers. Eight professionals of the nursing field underwent a semi-structured interview. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in their entirety and the content of the discourse was subjected to thematic-categorical analysis. The categories were transformed into variables and processed by the software Classification Hiérarchique Classificatoire et Cohésitive (CHIC®) and analyzed by the hierarchical similarity tree. The results indicate that actions to promote health are reported as educational and transformative, in which health care gains new meaning through contextualized conceptions in the field of child education. We conclude that professionals attribute new meanings to their practices in the health care environment of daycare centers as their representations shifts from the logic of the biomedical field to a logic of educational care. In this sense, they perceive themselves as being challenged to establish an interaction with the children in terms of their activities related to the promotion of health and in an educational act.

Understanding child neglect in a gender context: a study performed in a Brazilian city

OBJECTIVETo describe the phenomenon of child neglect and understand it in a gender context.METHODRetrospective, quantitative, and exploratory study that analyzed reports of violence by a child and adolescent protection network in a Brazilian city. The theoretical and methodological basis applied was TIPESC (Theory of Nursing Praxical Intervention in Collective Health), with a gender emphasis.RESULTSNeglect of children under the age of ten represents more than half the reports received over all the years studied; more boys than girls suffered neglect and 41.4% of the reports of neglect involved children under than age of three; women were identified as being solely responsible in 67.9%, and as accessories in 17.3% of the incidents reported.CONCLUSIONChild neglect is a complex matter, the gender subordinate status inflicted on these children and their mothers who are responsible for their care underscore the social vulnerability of this group.