Endocrine changes in cerebrospinal fluid, pituitary effluent, and peripheral plasma of anesthetized ponies

Objective - To investigate the effects of inhalation and total IV anesthesia on pituitary-adrenal activity in ponies. Animals - 9 healthy ponies: 5 geldings and 4 mares. Procedure - Catheters were placed in the cavernous sinus below the pituitary gland and in the subarachnoid space via the lumbosacral space. After 72 hours, administration of acepromazine was followed by induction of anesthesia with thiopentone and maintenance with halothane (halothane protocol), or for the IV protocol, anesthesia induction with detomidine and ketamine was followed by maintenance with IV infusion of a detomidine-ketamine-guaifenesin combination. Arterial blood pressure and gas tensions were measured throughout anesthesia. Peptide and catecholamine concentrations were measured in pituitary effluent, peripheral plasma, and CSF. Peripheral plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate concentrations also were measured. Results - Intravenous anesthesia caused less cardiorespiratory depression than did halothane. ACTH, metenkephalin, arginine vasopressin, and norepinephrine pituitary effluent and peripheral plasma concentrations were higher during halothane anesthesia, with little change during intravenous anesthesia. Pituitary effluent plasma β-endorphin and peripheral plasma cortisol concentrations increased during halothane anesthesia only. Dynorphin concentrations did not change in either group. Hyperglycemia developed during intravenous anesthesia only Minimal changes occurred in CSF hormonal concentrations during anesthesia. Conclusion - The pituitary gland has a major role in maintaining circulating peptides during anesthesia. Compared with halothane, IV anesthesia appeared to suppress pituitary secretion.

Doença arterial coronariana: Um novo paradigma na AIDS

The HIV-infected individuals have been identified as a peculiar group whose propensity to the development of abnormalities in lipids metabolism supports the hypothesis that AIDS itself can be considered as an independent risk factor for the occlusive diseases development. The AIDS progression, as well as the therapy against HIV has been capable to show an array of metabolic disturbances that HIV-infected patients are prone to. These metabolic alterations affect the fate of plasmatic lipids and homocysteine as a result of three factor mainly: (i) the viral infection per se which triggers the development of hypertriglyceridemia and hipocholesterolemia; (ii) multiple vitamins and micronutrients deficiencies, that favors an onset of hyperhomocysteinemia; (iii) the state-of-the-art therapy for HIV infection, which is accompanied to idiosyncratic effects encompassing the lipid metabolism. In this context, a variety of risk factors to atherosclerosis can be identified in the HIV-infected individual. Of note, it must be considered that once life expectancy of these patients has been expanded due to the effective therapy, on the other hand they can accelerate atherosclerotic disease or its pathological appearance in the same extent.

Efeitos do extrato aquoso de cebola (Allium cepa L.) sobre a função renal e a pressão arterial em ratos Wistar

The vegetal species, Allium cepa, known as onion, is widely used in the folk medicine as diuretic, besides it has been used on the bronchitis, cough, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension treatment. In this study we evaluate the onion aqueous extract (AE) effect on water flow and electrolytes in anesthetized Wistar rats, besides we also evaluate arterial pressure alterations. Two groups were studied: Group 1 (control) - oral tratment with 1.0 mL of distilled water, and Group 2 (experimental) - oral treatment with 1.0 mL of AE 20%. The rats were anesthetized and we canulate the trachea, left carotide artery (for arterial pressure measurement and blood collecting), jugular vein (to execute inulin perfusion - to register glomerular filtration), and urinary bladder (to collect urine). The Group 1 results had shown that the animals had not presented significant alterations (p>0.05) in the analyzed parameters. The animals of Group 2 had a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the arterial pressure (22.0%). However, there were not significant alterations in renal parameters (p>0.05). These results show that the treatment with the AE lead a hypotensor effect in anesthetized Wistar rats, but not followed by renal parameters alterations.

Espécies reativas de oxigênio no controle neurovegetativo da pressão arterial

The control of the blood pressure depends on the activity of select groups of neurons present in the central nervous system. Evidence has demonstrated that the redox state (a balance between oxidizing and reducing species) is involved in the control of neuronal activity, which suggests that the redox state can influence the neuronal transmission within the central nervous system acting on the neuronal modulation of biological functions. For instance, the glutamatergic transmission may be widely affected by reactive oxygen species, oxidizing agents that have been extensively investigated due to their involvement in physiological and pathological processes. In the present article, we discuss the main experimental finds that support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species have important role in physiological (and pathological) modulation of the cardiovascular function through alterations in the sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Therefore, reactive oxygen species can actively participate in the development of cardiovascular diseases like hypertension when the balance in the redox state is disrupted.

Paracoccidioidomycosis: No genetic damage in human peripheral blood cells of patients assessed by single-cell gel (comet) assay

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. As infectious diseases can cause DNA damage, the authors aimed at analyzing DNA breakage in peripheral blood cells of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis by using the comet assay. The results suggested that paracoccidioidomycosis does not cause genotoxicity.

Comparação entre hipertensão autoreferida e pressão arterial casual e presença de fatores de risco em funcionários da saúde Bauru e Jaú

Model: Prevalence study. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of self-reported hypertension to compare with blood pressure measurements. Besides, this work investigated health information level of workers and if the job position has any influence on blood pressure (BP). Methods: This study evaluated 349 health workers (44±10 years old) from Bauru and Jau cities, who answered some questions about history of health condition, use of medicines, past surgeries as well as social, scholar and physical conditions and had their blood pressure measured. Each subject selfreported as normotensive or hypertensive. Values of systolic ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic PA ≥ 90 mmHg were considered elevated. Among the health workers evaluated, 198 were submitted to anthropometric and biochemical evaluations. Values are presented as means ± SD and frequency of distribution. It was used T-student test (p<0.05). Results: From all workers evaluated only 16% self-reported as hypertensive, which 56% presented high BP, however 91% used to take antihypertensive medicines. Among the 84% who self-reported as normotensive, 24% presented high BP and 8% used to take medicines. Although most of the employees of each section self-reported as normotensive, more than a half presented high BP and which was more common in the health's section (76.3%). Conclusion: These results suggest that besides the majority of the employees self-reported as normotensive, an elevated number of health workers presented high blood pressure and used to take medicines inappropriately, which indicates that they did not have enough knowledge about their health. Furthermore, it was observed that Health Section presented the higher blood pressure values.

Características da hipertensão arterial em Unidade Básica de Saúde

A cross observational study was achieved about hypertensive patients from the Basic Health Unit in Betel, Paulinia - S.P. assessing blood pressure levels, anthropometric data, biosocial variables, responses to questionaires about physical activity (Ipaq), and quality of life (Whoqol), as well as estimates of cardiovascular risk by Framingham score. With descriptive purposes, absolute and relative frequencies distributions are presented. From originally 95 people in the study, 18 were eliminated, and the remaining 77 were predominately composed by women, averaged 55.87 years old (standard deviation 11.88); white ethnic; basic schooling education, and income of 3 minimum salaries. Although clinical criteria verified altered values, it was the physical evaluation that indicated more clearly risks of contracting cardiovascular diseases, thus showing how different complementary evaluations can better predict risk. These results demonstrated that other professionals should be an asset as an integral part of the health team. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editora. Todos os direitos reservados.

Telomere length and its relationship with chronic diseases - New perspectives for periodontal research

Objective: The ageing process is accompanied by a variety of cellular modifications, and telomere shortening is a common finding. Large epidemiological studies have reported an association between shorter telomere length in peripheral leukocytes and several inflammatory diseases of the elderly including diabetes, atherosclerosis and, recently, periodontitis. The primary aim of this study was to critically discuss available evidence regarding the potential mechanisms relating shorter telomeres to periodontitis. Design: A narrative literature review was performed to report evidence relating shorter telomeres to the ageing process and inflammation. Then, we searched MEDLINE (1950 to May 2012) and ISI WEB OF SCIENCE (1950 to May 2012) databases for the combination of the terms 'telomere' and 'periodontitis'. Results: Although these associations suggest a possible role of telomere attrition in the onset or evolution of chronic inflammatory diseases, only two studies addressed the relationship between telomere length and periodontitis. Conclusion: We suggest that the chronic inflammatory burden observed in people with chronic periodontitis could represent the driver of telomere shortening. However, further evidence is needed to confirm whether inflammation is the cause or the consequence of the shorter leukocyte telomere length observed in people with periodontitis. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Efeitos de uma sequência de prática do yoga sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e hemodinâmicos de pacientes com hipertensão arterial

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) em crianças com distúrbios respiratórios obstrutivos pré e após adenotonsilectomia

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Polimorfismo da haptoglobina correlacionado com doença arterial coronariana

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais com atividade de controle do colesterol, pressão arterial e problemas renais, utilizadas pela população residente no Bairro dos Marins município de Piquete - SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo dos motivos do abandono do tratamento da hipertensão arterial: relato de usuários do CSE-Botucatu, 1995/1999

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Avaliação gênica da sintase de óxido nítrico endotelial (eNOS) em adultos de mesma idade e idosos hipertensos submetidos ao treinamento físico: efeito na pressão arterial

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Frequência de doença arterial coronariana assintomática em pacientes portadores de estenose de artéria renal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)