Metabolismo do malondialdeído em peixes: implicações na avaliação da peroxidação lipídica como biomarcador de contaminação aquática

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da Biodisponibilidade de HPAS na Baía de Santos-SP-Brasil, Através da análise de metabólitos biliares em peixes

A Baía de Santos, localizada na Baixada Santista, porção central do litoral do Estado de São Paulo é local importante para a economia do país devido à presença do polo industrial de Cubatão, do Porto de Santos, do grande potencial turístico existente e dos recursos pesqueiros e naturais proporcionados pelos manguezais que ali ocorrem. A presença marcante de atividades antrópicas na região acarreta o aporte constante de contaminantes. Ambientes costeiros marinhos, localizados próximos a grandes centros urbanos e industriais, normalmente estão sujeitos à contaminação por compostos orgânicos.

Peixes da Formação Marizal, Estado da Bahia

O desenvolvimento da geologia dass bacias sedimentares do Brasil, notadamente nas regiões norte e nordeste, tem ocasionado a descoberta de várias jazidas fossilíferas, proporcionando a organização de interessantes coleções de fósseis, especialmente no ramo da paleocitologia. Assim é que se teve a oportunidadee nesses últimos anos, de recolher nos sedimentos da Formação Marizal, na Bacia de Tucano, restos de uma interessante fáunula incluindo peixes ganoides e teleósteos, cujo estudo constitui o objeto do presente trabalho. O material compreende esqueletos completos, ossos de crânio e escamas isoladas, de várias dezenas de indivíduos, conservados em folhelho, siltito e calcário, procedentes das localidades de Euclides da Cunha, Olinda e Inhambupé, na parte central e sul da Bacia de Tucano. A coleção inclui formas de ACTINOPTERYGII das famílias Macrosemiidae, Amiidae, Aspidorhynchidae, Chirocentridae, Chanidae e Clupavidae, representando seis gêneros e sete espécies, das quais quatro são novas. O acérvulo pertence à Seção de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia do Departamento Nacional daProdução Mineral, MME. O estudo da fáunula permitiu melhor caracterizção de Vinctifer e Dastilbe e ampliar o conhecimento de outros gêneros endêmicos para o Brasil, bem como de Dastilbe elongatus Slva Santos pela primeira vez assinalada nos sedimentos das bacias sedimentares da Bahia. O estudo confirma aa presença no continente sul americano dos Macrosemiidae e indica a ocorrência, pela primeira vez, nos estratos brasileiros de Clupavus. A análise evolutiva dos componentesda fáunula permitiu correlacioná-la com as fáunulas do Eocretácio. O estudo bioestratigráfico definiu a sua posição dentro desse período, estabelecendo a correlação com as demais fáunulas cretáceas conhecidas do Brasil. A comparação com ass fáunulas extracontinentais evidenciou maior aproximação com as do Cretácio da África, notadamente com a da Bacia Sedimentar do ) Gabão. O estudo peleoecológico permitiu também tirar conclusões relativas ao caráter da fáunula, mostrando que ceertas formas são possivelmente marinhass e outras de água-doce ou salobra; e que a deposição dos sedimentos que inclui os peixes, se efetuou possivelmente num ambiente deltaico.

Memoria sobre as diversas salgas da sardinha : com o methodo de aproveitar as enxovas, e sobre a salga dos peixes grossos, como atum, corvinas, pescadas, gorazes, ruivos, e outros semelhantes etc.

Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 18841.12.

Mapeamento cromossômico de DNAs repetitivos com fins biotecnológicos em peixes marinhos e interesse comercial - Rachycentridae e Lutjanidae

The Rachycentron canadum species, commonly known as beijupirá or cobia is the only representative of Rachycentridae family which has been increasingly used in marine fish farming, in intensive cultivation. As advantageous features it has easy adaptation, prolific behavior, early growth in captivity and high commercial value. Additionally, specie of Lutjanidae family (Lutjanus synagris, Lutjanus jocu, Lutjanus analis, Lutjanus alexandrei and Ocyurus chrysurus) represents an important fisheries resource in all areas of its occurrence. In Brazil, the commercial exploitation of Lutjanidae which begun in the 60's and 80's, already has showed a decline in catch volumes. This fact suggests that the snappers must have a conservative management. Despite the economic potential, little is known about the genetic and cytogenetic characteristics of these species, especially with respect to repetitive DNA analysis, which represents the major part of the eukaryotes genome, playing important evolutionary roles in the fish genome. Cytogenetic data is increasingly being used in population studies and biotechnological purposes in fishes. The cytogenetical analyzes were performed using classical methods such as Giemsa staining, C-banding and Ag-NORs, fluorochromes base-specific staining (DAPI and MM) and physical mapping of repetitive sequences among which, telomeric sequences, transposons (Tol2), retrotransposons (Rex1 and Rex3), repetitive DNA (microsatellites and Cot-1) and transcriptionally active regions of the 18S and 5S ribosomal genes and histone (H3 and H2BA) by in situ hybridization with fluorescent probes (FISH). The chromosomal patterns obtained contributed to the organization of repetitive sequences in the genome of the species, as well as karyotypical differentiation. Unusual patterns of histone sequences expansion depict the first occurrence in marine fishes. The obtained data provided subsides to the genetic knowledge of the important fisheries resource represented by the species here analyzed, seeking the marine pisciculture improvement.

O impacto da remoção de peixes sobre a dinâmica e estrutura dos grupos funcionais fitoplanctônicos em um lago raso tropical durante uma seca severa

The artifi cial eutrophication is one of the biggest t h reat for the quality of aquatic ecosystems in the whole world. The expectations for the future climatic scenarios in arid and semi - arid regions are intense and frequent droughts enhancing the risk of eutrophicati on and cyanobacterial blooms. Restoration techniques of eutrophic lakes were proposed to reduce nutrient loading and improve the water quality. A successful technique used in temperate regions is the biomanipulation by benthivorous fish removal . Our hypoth esis is that the benthivorous fish removal reduces phytoplankton total biomass and change the composition of phytoplankton functional groups, improving water quality. The aim of the study was evaluate the impact of biomanipulation on phytoplankton function al groups and in the water quality. We applied the technique of biomanipulation in the artificial lake ESEC, in a semi - arid region of Brazil and analyzed the physical and chemical variables and the dynamic of phytoplankton functional groups monthly during November 2012 to August 2013. With the removal of benthivorous fish we observed a significant increase of the euphotic depth, phytoplankton richness and the recruitment of green algae (groups F and J ), indicators of good water quality. However, we did not observe significant differences on total phosphorous concentration and on phytoplankton biomass and diversity. The drought effect in the region during the study was evident , promoting a drastic reduction on water level which influenced the availability of resource and affected phytoplankton community before the biomanipulation. To evaluate the effect of severe drought on the dynamic of phytoplankton functional groups and test if the drought periods are favorable to dominance of cyanobacterial groups, we stu died two artificial neighbors lakes (ESEC and Pocinhos) in a semi - arid tropical region during May 2012 to February 2013. We observed a temporal differentiation of biotic and abiotic variables caused by drought. Both lakes presented reduction of 2 meters of water level and increase on conductivity, turbidity, nutrients concentration and a reduction on water transparency, during the severe drought. The deeper lake (Pocinhos) increased phytoplankton total biomass and presented cyanobacterial functional group d ominance (group S N ) and the shallower lake (ESEC) reduced phytoplankton total biomass and presented dominance of mixotrophic and flagellate functional groups (groups W 1 e W 2 ). Summarizing, the knowledge of the effects of benthivorous fish removal in semi - a rid tropical lakes still unknown and this study had limitations caused by the impact of drought. Thus, it is necessary a long term monitoring to investigate the real effects of biomanipulation on the functioning of the studied ecosystems. Otherwise, period s of drought could have opposite effects (increase or reduction) on total biomass and composition of phytoplankton functional groups. Drought not always leads to dominance of cyanobacterial groups.