Resveratrol reduces chronic inflammation and improves insulin action in the myocardium of high-fat diet-induced obeserats

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do resveratrol sobre a via de sinalização da insulina e melhora do quadro inflamatório no miocárdio de ratos Wistar obesos induzidos por dieta.MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em grupos: controle (dieta padrão para roedores), obeso (dieta hiperlipídica) e obeso suplementado com resveratrol (20 mg/kg/dia), por 8 semanas (n=10). Ao final do período experimental, realizou-se o teste de tolerância à insulina, nos tempos 0 (sem insulina), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 minutos após injeção intraperitoneal de insulina (2 U/kg). O peso corporal e o tecido adiposo epididimal foram mensurados. Fragmentos do miocárdio foram extraídos para análises da via da insulina e moléculas pró-inflamatórias através de Western blot.RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicam que a intervenção com resveratrol aumenta a constante de decaimento da glicose, fosforilação do receptor de insulina, substrato do receptor de insulina e da proteína quinase B. A suplementação de resveratrol também reduziu os níveis proteicos do fator de necrose tumoral alfa e de moléculas envolvidas com a transdução do sinal pró-inflamatório (quinase indutora do kappa B e fator nuclear kappa B). Os resultados ainda sugerem que a melhora na sensibilidade à insulina e a redução das moléculas pró-inflamatórias ocorreram independentemente da perda de peso corporal e da redução do tecido adiposo epididimal.CONCLUSÃO: A suplementação de resveratrol aumenta a sensibilidade à insulina, o que está relacionado à redução de fatores inflamatórios no miocárdio.

Coberturas vegetais, manejo do solo, doses de nitrogênio e seus efeitos na nutrição mineral e nos atributos agronômicos do milho

Research has investigated the best nitrogen rate for maize under the most diverse types of soil management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cover crops, soil management and topdressed N rates on the dry matter production, nutritional status, plant lodging, plant height and first-ear insertion of maize. Field experiments were carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in the growing seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011, on a clayey Rhodic Haplustox (20º 20' S and 51º 24' W, at 340 m asl). Thirty-six treatments were established with four replications, in a randomized blocks design, to test combinations of cover crops (millet, Crotalaria juncea and millet + Crotalaria juncea), soil management (tillage with chisel plow + lightweight disking, heavy disking + lightweight disking, and no-tillage system) and N rates (0, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 - urea as source). The maize hybrid DKB 350 YG® was used and topdressing N applied at stage V5 (fifth expanded leaf). Previously grown sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp resulted in a higher shoot dry matter, P leaf content and total N, P and K uptake. In the no-tillage system, the initial and final population and shoot dry were highest, and first-ear insertion and plant height lower. The application of 120 kg ha-1 topdressed N increased the P leaf content, N and P in the entire plant, shoot dry matter, total N, P and K uptake, plant height, and the first-ear insertion of maize.

Diversity of eating patterns in older adults: A new scenario?

OBJETIVO: Identificar padrões alimentares e a distribuição dos mesmos, em uma amostra representativa de idosos do município de Botucatu, São Paulo.MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, ocorrido entre março e junho de 2011, com 355 idosos cadastrados na rede básica de saúde do município, selecionados por amostragem estratificada entre as unidades de saúde. Aplicou-se um questionário de frequência alimentar e questionário sociodemográfico. Padrões alimentares foram identificados utilizando-se análise de componentes principais. Escores de consumo individual foram divididos em tercis, caracterizando a adesão baixa, moderada e alta dos indivíduos para cada padrão alimentar. Realizaram-se análises entre os tercis dos padrões alimentares e as variáveis sociodemográficas.RESULTADOS: Identificaram-se seis padrões alimentares: saudável; lanches e refeição de final de semana; frutas; light e integral; dieta branda; e tradicional. A alta adesão aos padrões saudável e frutas é atingida por indivíduos que cursaram até o primário; e a alta adesão ao padrão lanches e refeição de final de semana é mais prevalente no sexo masculino e em indivíduos com nível máximo de escolaridade. A alta adesão aos padrões light e integral e dieta branda é mais prevalente no sexo feminino, sendo este último padrão também característico de idosos em idade mais avançada.CONCLUSÃO: Identificou-se uma diversidade de padrões alimentares nessa população de idosos e o comportamento alimentar variou de acordo com as condições sociodemográficas inseridas no grupo.

Physiological indexese macro- and micronutrients in plant tissue and essential oil of Mentha piperita L. grown in nutrient solution with variation in N, P, K and Mg levels

Mentha piperita L. is an aromatic and medicinal species of the family Lamiaceae, known as mint or peppermint, and its leaves and branches produce essential oil rich in menthol. This study aimed to evaluate physiological indexes, macro- and micronutrients inthe shootsand essential oil of Mentha piperita L. grown in nutrient solution number 2 of Hoagland and Arnon (1950) with different N, P, K and Mg levels. Shoot length, dry mass of the different organs, total dry mass, leaf area, essential oil yield and composition, and macronutrient (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S) and micronutrient (Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn) contents in the shoot were evaluated. Plants treated with 65%N/50%P/25%K/100%Mg had a tendency towards longer shoot, greaterroot and leaf blade dry masses, higher essential oil yield, higher menthol levels and lower menthone levels. The results showed that Mentha can be grown in nutrient solution by reducing 65% N, 50% P, 25% K and 100% Mg. This solution had better development compared to the other tested treatments. Therefore,we recommendMentha piperita L. to be grown with such nutrient levels.

Nutrição mineral e qualidade do fruto de algumas frutíferas tropicais: goiabeira, mangueira,bananeira e mamoeiro

Fruit quality is the result of the action of several factors, in particular the individual and combined effect of mineral nutrients. The proper evaluation of mineral nutritional requirements causes that fruit plants can express all their genetic potential. Thus, a research has been conducted in tropical fruit, for evaluating the influence of mineral nutrients on fruit quality; however, they appear dispersed. The objective of this review was to compile and report the effects of mineral nutrients on fruit quality of guava, mango, banana and papaya. Consequently, information about the influence of the essential elements in color, flavor, shape, size, appearance, penetration resistance, physiological disturbs disease incidence, physicochemical characteristics and lifetime of post - harvest fruit are presented.

Reutilization of chemical waste in methodologies for analyses of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber

The disposal of chemical waste and the precision of analyses of the neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fiber contents were evaluated utilizing conventional (Van Soest) and alternative methods of analyses. The recovery of acetone promoted both economic and environmental gains, with a recovery rate of 84.12%. The precision of the analyses was not observed in most of the determinations with reutilization of chemical waste in all the analytical methods tested, in spite of promoting decrease in cost, time invested in the preparation of solutions and the disposal of chemical waste.

Adubação fosfatada no crescimento inicial e na nutrição de mudas de pinhão-manso

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a perennial oilseed species that has aroused economic interest for biodiesel production. Among other factors, it is essential to determine the nutritional demands of this species to facilitate raising it as a crop. This study aimed to evaluate the early growth and mineral nutrition of physic nut, as well as soil fertility, as affected by phosphorus fertilization. The study was carried out in a plastic greenhouse in a completely randomized block experimental design with four replicates. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with 50 dm³ of Latossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Hapludox). Application rates of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3 of P were tested, plus a control. Evaluations of plant height and root collar diameter were performed monthly. The experiment was ended 150 days after transplant of the seedlings, at which time leaf area, dry weight, leaf contents and total accumulation of macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were performed, and soil chemical properties were analyzed. We concluded that absence of P fertilization alone is as limiting to early growth of physic nut as simultaneous absence of soil amendment and fertilization. The rate of 57 mg dm-3 of P may be recommended for initial growth of physic nut. The total accumulation of nutrients in physic nut seedlings exhibited the following order: K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S>Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu. Phosphorus fertilization resulted in increased soil cation exchange capacity (CEC).

Electrical conductivity and pH of the substrate solution in gerbera cultivars under fertigation

The quality and the profitability on floriculture are intimately linked to the adequate plant nutrition. In the present research we aimed to evaluate the electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of the substrate solution on four different gerbera cultivars subjected to fertigation, with two nutritive solutions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, from May to July 2006, on the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo state, Brazil. The experiment was carried out under an experimental design of random blocks, in 4×2 factorial arrangement, with four Gerbera cultivars (Cherry, Golden Yellow, Salmon Rose and Orange) and two nutritive solution concentrations: 0.92 and 1.76 dS m-1 EC) during the vegetative stage, and 1.07 and 2.04 dS m-1 during the reproductive stage (S1 and S2, respectively). The nutrients were applied through fertigation, manually performed every day. The EC and pH values of the substrate solution were evaluated weekly, using the 'pourthru' method. Orange and Cherry cultivars had, respectively, the highest and the lowest electrical conductivity of the substrate solution, and Cherry was the most efficient on the nutrient uptake. The solution S2 showed a trend to accumulate salts in the substrate, but without visual symptoms of plant toxicity, leading to the lowest pH values. The 'pourthru' method was efficient when compared to the 1:2 method and can be adopted for substrate solution analysis in gerbera culture.

Nutrição potássica em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar colhida sem queima

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Imagens hiperespectrais no monitoramento da nutrição em citros

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Desenvolvimento radicular e aéreo, nutrição e eficiência de absorção de macronutrientes e zinco por cultivares de arroz de terras altas afetadas pela adubação fosfatada

In Brazil, phosphorus availability is one factor that that more limit yield of upland rice under rainfed system. Then, better understanding of cultivars development at phosphorus soil fertilization is very important in the production systems making this more sustainable. The objective was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus doses applied to the soil over the root length, root and shoot dry matter, concentration and content of macronutrient and zinc in shoot and root as well as the efficiency of nutrient uptake per meter root of upland cultivars of intermediate and modern groups. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 4 x 4. Treatments were four levels of P fertilization applied at the soil (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg dm(-3) of P) and four upland rice cultivars (Maravilha - modern group, IAC-201, IAC-202 and Carajas - intermediate group). There is increase in phosphorus availability in the soil with increasing levels of P fertilization. Under low phosphorus availability, cultivars of the intermediate group have better shoots and root system development in relation to the modern cultivar group. Level of phosphorus affected nutrients contents in shoots and root system of upland rice cultivars. The increasing phosphorus fertilization increased uptake of nutrients per meter of root; and although under higher phosphorus availability there was a greater root growth, in low phosphorus availability root growth was greater at the expense of shoot growth.

Doses de nitrogênio no crescimento inicial e nutrição de plantas de guanandi

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nutrição do porta-enxerto 'Flying Dragon'

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of rootstocks and pruning times on yield and on nutrient content and extraction in 'Niagara Rosada' grapevine

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nutrição e produtividade da nogueira-macadâmia em razão do parcelamento da adubação mineral

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)