A new species of Phylloicus Muller, 1880 (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), from southeastern Brazil, including descriptions of larval and pupal stages

The cosmopolitan family Calamoceratidae Ulmer, 1906, has 8 living genera, among them Phylloicus Muller, 1880, with species distributed from South to Central America. This genus is characterized by its dark-colored adults (brown to black) with diurnal to crepuscular habits. In this paper, the adults, pupae, and larvae of Phylloicus camargoi n. sp. are described and illustrated. The new species is easily diagnosed by male tergum X bearing a short, digitate, setose, basodorsal process; 2 short, digitate, hairless, lateral processes; and 2 pairs of very short processes on the posterior margin: a pair of digitate, hairless, posterolateral processes, and a pair of posteromesal processes. Additional diagnostic characters are the presence of 3 color bands on the forewings, 2 golden longitudinal bands and a white transversal one.

Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil

Three new species of Anacroneuria are described herein: A. otafroehlichi sp. n., A. terere sp. n. and A. singularis sp. n. In addition, we report the presence of A. atrifrons Klapalek and A. pastaza Stark for the first time in Mato Grosso do Sul State. The reported distributions of A. payagua Froehlich and A. ofaye Froehlich are expanded into Mato Grosso do Sul State.

A new genus of net-winged beetles from Neotropical Region (Coleoptera: Lycidae)

The new genus Brasilycus is proposed within the tribe Calopterini. Following new species are described in the genus: Brasilycus capixabus n. sp., B. rondonensis n. sp., and B. bolivianus n. sp., all from South America. Illustrations of diagnostic characters and key to Brasilycus are given.

Two new species of Simothraulopsis Traver, 1947 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from northeastern Brazil

The genus Simothraulopsis contains three described species, one of which occurs in Brazil. The new species Simothraulopsis diamantinensis sp. n. and Simothraulopsis janae sp. n. are figured and described from male imagines. The main discriminating character of these two new species from their congeners is the fused forceps socket. The material was collected in Bahia State in northeastern Brazil.

Two new species of Baetodes Needham & Murphy (Ephemeroptera : Baetidae) from Brazil

Baetodes santatereza, new species, and B. liviae, new species, are described based on nymphs collected from Sao Paulo, and Parana states, Brazil. They both possess one gill on each coxa and tubercles on metanotum and abdominal segments 1 - 9. Besides these characteristics, they can be distinguished from the other known species of the genus by the following combination of characters: B. santatereza, n. sp., glossae with two bladelike setae, one pectinate and one nonpectinate, and dorsal edge of femora with five to seven clavate setae, nearly one half the length of long, fine setae; B. liviae, n. sp., glossae with one pectinate bladelike setae, dorsal edge of femora often with 6 to 8 clavate setae, nearly the length of long fine setae, besides body color pattern and body length.

The chemistry of 5-oxodihydroisoxazoles .16. A new synthesis of pyrroles, furans, thiophens and their benzo analogues

Ethyl 5-oxo-2-phenyl-2,5-dihydroisoxazole-4-carboxylate (2) was photolysed at 300 mn in the presence of phenols, enols, anilines, enamines, aryl thiols and thioenols affording enamines. Treatment of these enamines with Lewis or protic acids gives the respective benzo and five-membered ring systems.

Pirellulosomes: A new type of membrane-bounded cell compartment in planctomycete bacteria of the genus Pirellula

A distinct type of cellular organization was found in two species of the planctomycete genus Pirellula, Pirellula marina and Pirellula staleyi. Both species possess two distinct regions within the cell which are separated by a single membrane. The major region of the cell, the pirellulosome, contains the fibrillar condensed nucleoid. The other area, the polar cap region, forms a continuous layer surrounding the entire pirellulosome and displays a cap of asymmetrically distributed material at one cell pole. Immuno- and cytochemical-labelling of P. marina demonstrated that DNA is located exclusively within the pirellulosome; cell RNA is concentrated in the pirellulosome, with some RNA also located in the polar cap region.

Ancient missense mutations in a new member of the RoRet gene family are likely to cause familial Mediterranean fever

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a recessively inherited disorder characterized by dramatic episodes of fever and serosal inflammation. This report describes the cloning of the gene likely to cause FMF from a 115-kb candidate interval on chromosome 16p. Three different missense mutations were identified in affected individuals, but not in normals. Haplotype and mutational analyses disclosed ancestral relationships among carrier chromosomes in populations that have been separated for centuries. The novel gene encodes a 3.7-kb transcript that is almost exclusively expressed in granulocytes. The predicted protein, pyrin, is a member of a family of nuclear factors homologous to the Ro52 autoantigen. The cloning of the FMF gene promises to shed light on the regulation of acute inflammatory responses.

Rebound acid hypersecretion after withdrawal of gastric acid suppressing drugs: new evidence of similitude

Background: Homeopathy is based on the principle of similitude (similia similibus curentur) using medicines that cause effects similar to the symptoms of disease in order to stimulate the reaction of the organism. Such vital, homeostatic or paradoxical reaction of the organism is closely related to rebound effect of drugs. Method: Review of the literature concerning the rebound effects of drugs used to suppress gastric acidity, particularly proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Results: The mechanism of action of these effects is discussed. Rebound in terms of clinical symptoms and physiological effects occur in about 40% of people taking PPIs, their timing depends on the half-life of the drug and the adaptation period of the physiological mechanisms involved. The wide use of PPIs may be linked to the rising incidence of carcinoid tumours. Conclusions: These findings support Hahnemann`s concept of secondary action of drugs. We are developing a homeopathic materia medica and repertory of modern drugs on the basis of reported rebound effects. Homeopathy (2011) 100, 148-156.

New ideologies of everyday life in South Korean language textbooks

This chapter analyses with critical discourse analysis, contemporary Korean language textbooks which are being used in early primary school.