Desarrollo de ontología de títulos de grado

Dada la amplia información que rodea el dominio de programas de estudios superiores, específicamente los estudios de grado, este trabajo fin de grado propone la construcción de un modelo para representar dicha información mediante la construcción de una red de ontologías, proporcionando una definición común de conceptos importantes, y que posteriormente puede ser reutilizada para la construcción de aplicaciones que ayuden a las partes interesadas, como, estudiantes, personal académico y administrativo, a la búsqueda y acceso de información oportuna. Para la construcción de esta red de ontologías, se siguen las recomendaciones y pautas propuestas por la metodología NeOn [1a] [1b], que sigue un paradigma basado en la reutilización de recursos de conocimiento. Por otra parte, se realiza una populación de dicha red de ontologías mediante datos específicos del grado en Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. La construcción de una red de ontologías siguiendo las directrices de la metodología NeOn requiere la realización de distintas actividades y tareas, como el estudio del dominio, estudio de la viabilidad, especificación de requisitos, conceptualización, formalización, implementación y mantenimiento. Se realizan también muchas otras actividades y tareas dependiendo del contexto en el que se construye la ontología. En este proyecto se hace un especial énfasis en las actividades de especificación de requisitos, conceptualización e implementación, además de la actividad de búsqueda de recursos ontológicos para su posterior reutilización. Se ha construido una red de ontologías llamada: European Bachelor Degree Ontology (EBDO) que incluye términos y conceptos importantes que se han detectado en la etapa de especificación de requisitos y que las ontologías a reutilizar no contemplan. Las decisiones de diseño para la construcción de esta nueva red de ontologías y su alineamiento con las ontologías a reutilizar se han basado en la especificación de requisitos ontológicos. Una vez definidos los conceptos relevantes de la red de ontologías, se ha implementado la red de ontologías en un lenguaje computable. Una vez que la red de ontologías se ha implementado se han realizado tareas de evaluación para corregir posible errores. Finalmente, cuando se ha obtenido una versión estable de la ontología, se ha realizado la instanciación de individuos del plan de estudios del grado en Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.---ABSTRACT---Given the extensive information surrounding the domain of higher education programs, specifically bachelor degree studies, this bachelor degree project proposes the construction of a model to represent this information by building an ontology network, providing a common definition of important concepts. This network can be reused to build semantic applications that help stakeholders, such as, students, academic and organisational staff, to search and access to timely information. For the construction of this network of ontologies, guidelines and recommendations proposed by the NeOn Methodology [1a] [1b] have been followed. This methodology follows a paradigm based on the reuse of knowledge resources. Moreover, a population of this ontology network is performed with specific data of the Computer Science Degree from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Building a network of ontologies following the guidelines of the NeOn Methodology requires the completion of various activities and tasks such as, the study of the domain, study of the feasibility, requirements specification, conceptualization, formalization, implementation and maintenance. Many other activities and tasks are also performed depending on the context in which the ontology is built. In this project a special emphasis is made on the activities of requirements specification, conceptualization and search of ontological resources for reuse and implementation. A new network of ontologies, named European Bachelor Degree Ontology (EBDO), has been built. This network includes terms and concepts that have been detected at the stage of requirements specification and that the reused ontologies have not contemplated. Design principles for the construction of this new network of ontologies and for the reused ontologies alignment have been based on the ontological specification requirements. Once the relevant concepts of the ontology network are defined, the network has been implemented in a computable ontology language. Once the network ontology is implemented, the evaluation activity has been conducted to correct the errors that the network presented. Finally, when a stable version of the ontology has been obtained, the instantiation of individuals of the study program of the Bachelor Degree in Computer Science from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid has been performed.

Modern Classics : Andy Warhol and the Renaissance Masters

"This paper explores Warhol’s final and largest series entitled the Last Supper series in which the artist appropriated the work of Leonardo da Vinci’s original fifteenth century painting, replicating the image through repetition, radical cropping, and washes of neon color. While many scholars conclude this group of works is inspired by Warhol’s religious beliefs, others interpret these paintings as typical Warhol appropriation without religious association, but consistent with the artist’s interest in the cultural commodity of famous images"

Non-Viral Gene Therapy to Cells of the bovine Intervertebral Disc

Background. Low back pain is an increasing global health problem, which is associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) damage and degeneration. Major changes occur in the nucleus pulposus (NP), with the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM).1 Further studies showed that growth factors from transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and bone morphogenic proteins (BMP) family may induce chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).2 Focusing on non-viral gene therapies and their possible translation into the clinics, we investigated if GDF6 (syn. BMP13 or CDMP2) can induce regeneration of degraded NP. We hypothesized that IVD transfected with plasmid over-expressing GDF6 also up-regulates other NP- and chondrogenic cell markers and enhances ECM deposition. Methods. Bovine nucleus pulposus (bNPC) and annulus fibrosus cells (bAFC) were harvested from bovine coccygeal IVD. Primary cells were then electroporized with plasmid GDF6 (Origene, vector RG211366) by optimizing parameters using the Neon Transfection system (Life Technologies, Basel). After transfection, cells were cultured in 2D monolayer or 3D alginate beads for 7, 14 or 21 days. Transfection efficiency of pGDF6 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescent microscopy. Cell phenotype was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. To test a non-viral gene therapy applied directly to 3D whole organ culture, coccygeal bovine IVDs were harvested as previously described. Bovine IVDs were transfected by injection of plasmid GDF6 into the center. Electroporation was performed with ECM830 Square Wave Electroporation System (Harvard Apparatus, MA) using 2-needle array electrode or tweezertrodes. 72 h after tranfection discs were fixed and cryosectioned and analyzed by immunofluorescence against GDF6. Results. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed up-regulation of GFP and GDF6 in the primary bNPC/bAFC culture. The GFP-tagged GDF6 protein, however, was not visible, possibly due to failure of dimer formation as a result of fusion structure. Organ IVD culture transfection revealed GDF6 positive staining in the center of the disc using 2-needle array electrode. Results from tweezertrodes did not show any GDF6 positive cells. Conclusion. Non-viral transfection is an appealing approach for gene therapy as it fulfills the translational safety aspects of transiency and lacks the toxic effects of viral transduction. We identified novel parameters to successfully transfect primary bovine IVD cells. For transfection of whole IVD explants electroporation parameters need to be further optimized. Acknowledgements. This project was funded by the Lindenhof Foundation (Funds “Research & Teaching”) Project no. 13-02-F. The imaging part of this study was performed with the facility of the Microscopy Imaging Center (MIC), University of Bern. References. Roughly PJ (2004): Spine (Phila), 29:2691-2699 Clarke LE, McConell JC, Sherratt MJ, Derby B, Richardson SM, Hoyland JA (2014), Arthritis Research & Therapy, 16:R67

Helium isotope ratios and pore gases in deep-sea sediments of the Japan Sea

We have measured the 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne ratios and chemical compositions of gases exsolved from deep-sea sediments at two sites (798 and 799) in the Japan Sea. The 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne ratios vary from 0.642 Ratm (where Ratm is the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio of 1.393*10**-6) to 0.840 Ratm, and from 0.41 to 4.5, respectively. Helium in the samples can be explained by the mixing between atmospheric helium dissolved in bottom water of the Japan Sea and crustal helium in the sediment. The sedimentary helium is enriched in mantle-derived 3He compared with those from the Japan Trench and the Nankai Trough. This suggests that the basement of the Japan Sea has relatively large remnants of mantle-derived helium compared with that of the Pacific. Major chemical compositions of the samples are methane and nitrogen. There is a positive correlation between methane content and helium content corrected for air component. Based on the 3He/4He-Sum C/3He diagram, the major part of methane can be attributed to crustal and/or organic origin.

3He/4He ratios of pore gases in pore water and chemical composition of sediments at DSDP Sites 87-583 and 87-584

We have measured the 3He/4He and 20Ne/4He ratios of gases dissolved in the pore water in sediments at two sites in the Nankai Trough (Site 583) and the Japan Trench (Site 584). The 3He/4He and 20Ne/4He ratios vary from 0.215 * 10**-6 to 1.23 * 10**-6 and from 50 * 10**-3 to 2700 * 10**-3, respectively. These values can be explained by mixing two components, one from the atmosphere and one with a 3He/4He ratio of (0.2 to 0.3) * 10**-6. The latter component may be derived from the ocean crust near the subduction zone.

Woodward Avenue on a rainy night, Detroit, Mich.

Includes Woodward Arcade, Hippodrome and Majestic Theatre

Effect of surface-perturbed intermolecular interaction on adsorption of simple gases on a graphitized carbon surface

In this paper, we investigate the effect of the solid surface on the fluid-fluid intermolecular potential energy. This modified fluid-fluid interaction energy due to the inducement of a solid surface is used in the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation of various noble gases, nitrogen, and methane on graphitized thermal carbon black. This effect is such that the effective interaction potential energy between two particles close to surface is less than the potential energy if the solid substrate is not present. With this modification the GCMC simulation results agree extremely well with the experimental data over a wide range of pressures while the simulation results with the unmodified potential energy give rise to a shoulder near the neighborhood of monolayer coverage and the significant overprediction of the second and higher layer coverages. In particular the unmodified GCMC results exhibit very sharp change in those higher layers while the experimental data have a much gradual change in the uptake. We will illustrate this theory with adsorption data of argon, xenon, neon, nitrogen, and methane on graphitized thermal carbon black.

Experimental expansion tube study of the flow over a toroidal ballute

An experimental investigation of high-enthalpy flow over a toroidal ballute (balloon/parachute) was conducted in an expansion tube facility. The ballute, proposed for use in a number of future aerocapture missions, involves the deployment of a large toroidal-shaped inflatable parachute behind a space vehicle to generate drag on passing through a planetary atmosphere, thus, placing the spacecraft in orbit. A configuration consisting of a spherical spacecraft, followed by a toroid, was tested in a superorbital facility. Measurements at moderate-enthalpy conditions (15-20 MJ/kg) in nitrogen and carbon dioxide showed peak heat transfer rates of around 20 MW/m(2) on the toroid. At higher enthalpies (>50 MJ/kg) in nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and a hydrogen-neon mixture, heat transfer rates above 100 MW/m(2) were observed. Imaging using near-resonant holographic interferometry showed that the flows were steady except when the opening of the toroid was blocked.

Effects of potential models in the vapor-liquid equilibria and adsorption of simple gases on graphitized thermal carbon black

In this paper, we investigate the effects of various potential models in the description of vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) and adsorption of simple gases on highly graphitized thermal carbon black. It is found that some potential models proposed in the literature are not suitable for the description of VLE (saturated gas and liquid densities and the vapor pressure with temperature). Simple gases, such as neon, argon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen, and methane are studied in this paper. To describe the isotherms on graphitized thermal carbon black correctly, the surface mediation damping factor introduced in our recent publication should be used to calculate correctly the fluid–fluid interaction energy between particles close to the surface. It is found that the damping constant for the noble gases family is linearly dependent on the polarizability, suggesting that the electric field of the graphite surface has a direct induction effect on the induced dipole of these molecules. As a result of this polarization by the graphite surface, the fluid–fluid interaction energy is reduced whenever two particles are near the surface. In the case of methane, we found that the damping constant is less than that of a noble gas having the similar polarizability, while in the case of nitrogen the damping factor is much greater and this could most likely be due to the quadrupolar nature of nitrogen.

The characterisation of clean metal surfaces

The most perfectly structured metal surface observed in practice is that of a field evaporated field-ion microscope specimen. This surface has been characterised by adopting various optical analogue techniques. Hence a relationship has been determined between the structure of a single plane on the surface of a field-ion emitter and the geometry of a binary zone plate. By relating the known focussing properties of such a zone plate to those obtained from the projected images of such planes in a field-ion micrograph, it is possible to extract new information regarding the local magnification of the image. Further to this, it has been shown that the entire system of planes comprising the field-ion imaging surface may be regarded as a moire pattern formed between over-lapping zone plates. The properties of such moire zone plates are first established in an analysis of the moire pattern formed between zone plates on a flat surface. When these ideas are applied to the field-ion image it becomes possible to deduce further information regarding the precise topography of the emitter. It has also become possible to simulate differently proJected field-ion images by overlapping suitably aberrated zone plates. Low-energy ion bombardment is an essential preliminary to much surface research as a means of producing chemically clean surfaces. Hence it is important to know the nature and distribution of the resultant lattice damage, and the extent to which it may be removed by annealing. The field-ion microscope has been used to investigate such damage because its characterisation lies on the atomic scale. The present study is concerned with the in situ sputtering of tungsten emitters using helium, neon, argon and xenon ions with energies in the range 100eV to 1keV, together with observations of the effect of annealing. The relevance of these results to surface cleaning schedules is discussed.