883 resultados para Neo-liberalism
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Estudos Literários - FCLAR
Resumo:
Este estudo avalia os impactos da implantação da política de incentivo fiscal do Governo do Estado do Pará sob a ótica neoinstitucional e neo-schumpeteriana. As externalidades dinâmicas compreendem um dos fundamentos dessas teorias para a análise do desenvolvimento econômico regional. A Nova Economia Institucional contempla de forma abrangente as instituições e suas transações, considerando a transação e todas as suas concatenações como ponto ótimo das instituições. A transação é avaliada mediante os “custos de transação”, dela decorrentes. Dessa forma analisa-se como um arranjo institucional, que permita a redução de custos inerentes às transações, pode incentivar empresas que promovam a geração de renda e emprego, bem como transformar a estrutura produtiva local. Insere-se de forma intrínseca a abordagem neo-schumpeteriana como fundamento das transformações provenientes nas empresas de modo a reduzir os custos de produção e transação, elevando a produção, a produtividade e a competitividade no mercado interno e externo.
Resumo:
Na efrevescência político-social que marcou as décadas de 1920 e 1930 no Brasil, quatro grandes temas ganhavam destaque e apareciam como bandeira comum à maioria dos atores em luta: industrialização, revolução, racionalização e educação. Em São Paulo, em meio as lutas pela universalização de uma vontade particular, o tema da educação ganha cores mais vivas, seja como lugar previlegiado do confronto político, seja, ao contrário como elemento aglutinador de grupos com interesses divergentes - como se pode observar quando do fortalecimento da bandeira da união em torno dos interesses paulistas. Bandeira essa que chega a transformar-se em forte mistica a partir do Movimento Constitucionalista de 1932: somente São Paulo seria capaz de fornecer homens suficientemente competentes para compor a elite dirigente do Brasil, um pais que passava por um período de grave crise provocada, principalmente, pela inexistência de uma sólida estrutura educacional moderna que fosse capaz de reeducar as massas e formar técnicos competentes para administar as coisas públicas. Com o fim do Movimento de 32, que havia sustentado uma aliança de diferentes grupos paulistas, entre eles o grupo político do jornal O Estado de São Paulo, principal responsável pelo projeto de criação da Universidade de São Paulo em 1934, e o núcleo de empresários representados pela FIESP (Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo) -, as práticas políticas particulares são retomadas. Em 1933, os empresários tomam a dianteira criando a Escola Livre de Sociologia e política, que aparece como um dos mais importantes atos políticosda grande indústria no Brasil. No discurso de inauguração, Roberto Simonsen, presidente da FIESP, admitindo a necessidade de reformulação do velho liberalismo ortodoxo e defendendo um Estado neo-liberal, indica a prática de largos horizontes com a qual essa escola deveria estar comprometida: a instituição de verdades científicas sobre a realidade brasileira, capazes de proporcionar os instrumentos necessários para garantir a correta ação de um Estado normatizador da sociedade segundo a vontade da grande indústria.
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
This paper sets forth a Neo-Kaleckian model of capacity utilization and growth with distribution featuring a profit-sharing arrangement. While a given proportion of firms compensate workers with only a base wage, the remaining proportion do so with a base wage and a share of profits. Consistent with the empirical evidence, workers hired by profit-sharing firms have a higher productivity than their counterparts in base-wage firms. While a higher profit-sharing coefficient raises capacity utilization and growth irrespective of the distribution of compensation strategies across firms, a higher frequency of profit-sharing firms does likewise only if the profit-sharing coefficient is sufficiently high.
Resumo:
Liberalism and Marxism are two schools of thought which have left deep imprints in sociological, political and economic theory. They are usually perceived as opposite, rival approaches. In the field of democracy there is a seemingly insurmountable rift around the question of political versus economic democracy. Liberals emphasize the former, Marxists the latter. Liberals say that economic democracy is too abstract and fuzzy a concept, therefore one should concentrate on the workings of an objective political democracy. Marxists insist that political democracy without economic democracy is insufficient. The article argues that both propositions are valid and not mutually exclusive. It proposes the creation of an operational, quantifiable index of economic democracy that can be used alongside the already existing indexes of political democracy. By using these two indexes jointly, political and economic democracy can be objectively evaluated. Thus, the requirements of both camps are met and maybe a more dialogical approach to democracy can be reached in the debate between liberals and Marxists. The joint index is used to evaluate the levels of economic and political democracy in the transition countries of Eastern Europe.
Resumo:
Pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant treatment correlates with outcome in breast cancer. We determined whether characteristics of neoadjuvant therapy are associated with pCR. We used multi-level models, which accounted for heterogeneity in pCR across trials and trial arms, to analyze individual patient data from 3332 women included in 7 German neoadjuvant trials with uniform protocols. PCR was associated with an increase in number of chemotherapy cycles (odds ratio [OR] 1.2 for every two additional cycles; P = 0.009), with higher cumulative anthracycline doses (OR 1.6; P = 0.002), higher cumulative taxane doses (OR 1.6; P = 0.009), and with capecitabine containing regimens (OR 1.62; P = 0.022). Association of pCR with increase in number of cycles appeared more pronounced in hormone receptor (HR)-positive tumors (OR 1.35) than in HR-negative tumors (OR 1.04; P for interaction = 0.046). Effect of anthracycline dose was particularly pronounced in HER2-negative tumors (OR 1.61), compared to HER2-positive tumors (OR 0.83; P for interaction = 0.14). Simultaneous trastuzumab treatment in HER2-positive tumors increased odds of pCR 3.2-fold (P < 0.001). No association of pCR and number of trastuzumab cycles was found (OR 1.20, P = 0.39). Dosing characteristics appear important for successful treatment of breast cancer. Longer treatment, higher cumulative doses of anthracyclines and taxanes, and the addition of capecitabine and trastuzumab are associated with better response. Tailoring according to breast cancer phenotype might be possible: longer treatment in HR-positive tumors, higher cumulative anthracycline doses for HER2-negative tumors, shorter treatment at higher cumulative doses for triple-negative tumors, and limited number of preoperative trastuzumab cycles in HER2-positive tumors.
Resumo:
This work was devoted to individual child development. Psychogenetic research has emphasised the importance of social factors in children's intellectual development and two social factors are looked at here, family size and birth order. The effect of the formal parameters is, however, very unstable and they should therefore be considered together with certain informal factors. Of these, parental educational style, which is an expression of national traditions at the family level, is of particular interest. Educational style is culture-dependent and only a comparative cross-cultural study can reveal the real mechanisms through which educational style influences children's intellectual and personality development. Dumitrascu carried out an experimental cross-cultural study dedicated to the effects of family environment on child intellectual development. This involved three distinct populations, each of which has a distinct status in their geographical area, namely Romanians, Romanies from Romania, and Russians from the Republic of Moldova. It showed a significant difference between child intelligence in those from large families and in only children, with a huge gap in the case of Romany children. This suggests that the simultaneous action of several negative factors (low socio-economic status, large family size, socio-cultural isolation of the population) may delay a child's development. Subjected to such a precarious environment, Romany children do not seek self-realisation but rather struggle to overcome hardship and the majority remain outside civilisation. Unfortunately, adult Romanies rarely show concern about their children's successful social integration, placing no value on the school as a major socialising tool. This leads to the conclusion that a major effort is needed to help Romanies' social integration.