La metodología triangular como factor clave para diagnosticar la comunicación organizacional interna.

La Comunicación Interna es una herramienta decisiva para mejorar la dirección y la adaptación a los cambios en el marco de los objetivos estratégicos de las organizaciones. En este sentido, diversos estudios han demostrado la influencia positiva de la comunicación interna sobre la satisfacción laboral y el rendimiento de los empleados (v.g., Chiang, Salazar y Nuñez, 2007; Herencia-Leva, 2003). El Observatorio de Comunicación Interna e Identidad Corporativa (2010) indica que este tipo de comunicación crece en importancia y profesionalidad, especialmente en organizaciones de servicios, tales como, instituciones hospitalarias. En estas organizaciones sus empleados son responsables de toma de decisiones continuas ante la presión de tiempo. Ello implica que, deben tener un amplio conocimiento de su entidad y del entorno que le rodea. En este contexto, la comunicación interna es pieza fundamental para integrar y alienar a las personas con los objetivos de su empresa (Welch, 2003). Sin embargo, son pocos los centros hospitalarios que cuentan con un plan de comunicación adecuado. En este sentido, la Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol (ASCS), ante un escenario de crecimiento, considera necesario la elaboración e implantación de un Plan de Comunicación Interna. En base a ello, los objetivos fundamentales de este trabajo han sido (a) realizar un diagnóstico de la situación de comunicación interna de la empresa, y; (b) diseñar un plan de comunicación interna en función de la información obtenida. En concreto, siguiendo a Paul (1996), se ha realizado un proceso de auditoría basado en dos tipos de técnicas metodológicas: la administración del Cuestionario de Auditoría de la Comunicación (Varona, 1991) a 603 empleados/as, como técnica cuantitativa, y la realización de dos grupos focales multidisciplinares, de 15 personas cada uno, como técnica cualitativa. Por un lado, los resultados del cuestionario indican las dimensiones que son principales fortalezas o debilidades de la comunicación interna. Por el otro, del uso de la Técnica de Grupo Nominal se desprenden las principales actuaciones que son necesarias poner en marcha para la mejora de la comunicación interna en ASCS.

Sistema inteligente para apoio à decisão na operação de uma malha de escoamento de petróleo

The petroleum production pipeline networks are inherently complex, usually decentralized systems. Strict operational constraints are applied in order to prevent serious problems like environmental disasters or production losses. This paper describes an intelligent system to support decisions in the operation of these networks, proposing a staggering for the pumps of transfer stations that compose them. The intelligent system is formed by blocks which interconnect to process the information and generate the suggestions to the operator. The main block of the system uses fuzzy logic to provide a control based on rules, which incorporate knowledge from experts. Tests performed in the simulation environment provided good results, indicating the applicability of the system in a real oil production environment. The use of the stagger proposed by the system allows a prioritization of the transfer in the network and a flow programming

Morfologia urbana na zona ocidental intramuros da cidade de Évora (sécs. XIII -XXI): do património à malha urbana

Resumo O património eborense integra um conjunto muito notável de monumentos civis e religiosos que têm originado ao longo do tempo a formação e desenvolvimento de tecido urbano. Desse património ressalta-se a construção de casas religiosas disseminadas em espaço anexo ao primitivo recinto amuralhado tendo as suas comunidades residentes influenciado sobremaneira os habitantes da área circundante. Algumas dessas áreas foram ocupadas por complexos religiosos (S. Domingos - século XIII, Santa Clara - século XV, Santa Catarina de Sena e Santa Helena do Monte Calvário - século XVI). As intervenções projetadas nas antigas cercas monástico-conventuais realizadas posteriormente à exclaustração das ordens religiosas abrangem não apenas a construção dos espaços livres mas também pontualmente a reformulação, por vezes radical, das antigas estruturas pertencentes aos complexos religiosos já desativados. Nos espaços verdes que constituíam as antigas cercas, ocorreu a eliminação ou alteração de uso do solo de tais áreas e desapareceu simultaneamente muito do historial destes locais. A reorganização interior das construções e a reformulação volumétrica, adaptando-as às atuais exigências funcionais, determinam que as demolições sejam correntes nessas intervenções. A organização espacial inerente à vida monástico-conventual dissipa-se definitivamente com essas demolições, que ocasionam também o desaparecimento de um conjunto significativo de elementos construtivos, como por exemplo, elementos decorativos. Neste caso ou são levados, conjuntamente com o entulho das obras, para vazadouro público, ou em casos mais raros introduzidos nas novas construções erigidas no local, descontextualizados. A redução substancial das manchas verdes intramuros constituíram-se como abrigo para espécies animais, além do decréscimo de áreas de absorção de água para o subsolo foram aspetos controversos resultantes de tais tipos de intervenções na cidade. Os casos que são objeto do presente trabalho apresentam quatro situações distintas: reconstrução total de todo o espaço (Santa Catarina), reutilização de um antigo espaço monástico (Santa Clara), o espaço respeitante ao antigo convento de S. Domingos que se encontra parcialmente ocupado/loteado, e o espaço do Mosteiro do Calvário de dimensões muito consideráveis que atualmente se encontra expectante (antiga cerca) e reduzidamente ocupado (edifício). O objetivo é procurar estabelecer comparações entre quatro situações muito diferenciadas, com intervenções de maior ou menor qualidade para a regeneração urbana. Neste âmbito, a cartografia urbana histórica da cidade torna-se essencial para a compreensão evolutiva do tecido urbano.

Morfologia urbana na zona ocidental intramuros da cidade de Évora (sécs. XIII -XXI): do património à malha urbana

Resumo: O património eborense integra um conjunto muito notável de monumentos civis e religiosos que têm originado ao longo do tempo a formação e desenvolvimento de tecido urbano. Desse património ressalta-se a construção de casas religiosas disseminadas em espaço anexo ao primitivo recinto amuralhado tendo as suas comunidades residentes influenciado sobremaneira os habitantes da área circundante. Algumas dessas áreas foram ocupadas por complexos religiosos (S. Domingos - século XIII, Santa Clara - século XV, Santa Catarina de Sena e Santa Helena do Monte Calvário - século XVI). As intervenções projetadas nas antigas cercas monástico-conventuais realizadas posteriormente à exclaustração das ordens religiosas abrangem não apenas a construção dos espaços livres mas também pontualmente a reformulação, por vezes radical, das antigas estruturas pertencentes aos complexos religiosos já desativados. Nos espaços verdes que constituíam as antigas cercas, ocorreu a eliminação ou alteração de uso do solo de tais áreas e desapareceu simultaneamente muito do historial destes locais. A reorganização interior das construções e a reformulação volumétrica, adaptando-as às atuais exigências funcionais, determinam que as demolições sejam correntes nessas intervenções. A organização espacial inerente à vida monástico-conventual dissipa-se definitivamente com essas demolições, que ocasionam também o desaparecimento de um conjunto significativo de elementos construtivos, como por exemplo, elementos decorativos. Neste caso ou são levados, conjuntamente com o entulho das obras, para vazadouro público, ou em casos mais raros introduzidos nas novas construções erigidas no local, descontextualizados. A redução substancial das manchas verdes intramuros constituíram-se como abrigo para espécies animais, além do decréscimo de áreas de absorção de água para o subsolo foram aspetos controversos resultantes de tais tipos de intervenções na cidade. Os casos que são objeto do presente trabalho apresentam quatro situações distintas: reconstrução total de todo o espaço (Santa Catarina), reutilização de um antigo espaço monástico (Santa Clara), o espaço respeitante ao antigo convento de S. Domingos que se encontra parcialmente ocupado/loteado, e o espaço do Mosteiro do Calvário de dimensões muito consideráveis que atualmente se encontra expectante (antiga cerca) e reduzidamente ocupado (edifício). O objetivo é procurar estabelecer comparações entre quatro situações muito diferenciadas, com intervenções de maior ou menor qualidade para a regeneração urbana. Neste âmbito, a cartografia urbana histórica da cidade torna-se essencial para a compreensão evolutiva do tecido urbano.

Damage propagation in reinforced concrete frames under external blast loading

Iconic and significant buildings are the common target of bombings by terrorists causing large numbers of casualties and extensive property damage. Recent incidents were external bomb attacks on multi-storey buildings with reinforced concrete frames. Under a blast load circumstance, crucial damage initiates at low level storeys in a building and may then lead to a progressive collapse of whole or part of the structure. It is therefore important to identify the critical initial influence regions along the height, width and depth of the building exposed to blast effects and the structure response in order to assess the vulnerability of the structure to disproportionate and progressive collapse. This paper discusses the blast response and the propagation of its effects on a two dimensional reinforced concrete (RC) frame, designed to withstand normal gravity loads. The explicit finite element code, LS DYNA is used for the analysis. A complete RC portal frame seven storeys by six bays is modelled with reinforcement details and appropriate materials to simulate strain rate effects. Explosion loads derived from standard manuals are applied as idealized triangular pressures on the column faces of the numerical models. The analysis reports the influence of blast propagation as displacements and material yielding of the structural elements in the RC frame. The effected regions are identified and classified according to the load cases. This information can be used to determine the vulnerability of multi-storey RC buildings to various external explosion scenarios and designing buildings to resist blast loads.

Damage assessment of 3D reinforced concrete frame under external explosion loading

Multi-storey buildings are highly vulnerable to terrorist bombing attacks in various parts of the world. Large numbers of casualties and extensive property damage result not only from blast overpressure, but also from the failing of structural components. Understanding the blast response and damage consequences of reinforced concrete (RC) building frames is therefore important when assessing multi-storey buildings designed to resist normal gravity loads. However, limited research has been conducted to identify the blast response and damage of RC frames in order to assess the vulnerability of entire buildings. This paper discusses the blast response and evaluation of damage of three-dimension (3D) RC rigid frame under potential blast loads scenarios. The explicit finite element modelling and analysis under time history blast pressure loads were carried out by LS DYNA code. Complete 3D RC frame was developed with relevant reinforcement details and material models with strain rate effect. Idealised triangular blast pressures calculated from standard manuals are applied on the front face of the model in the present investigation. The analysis results show the blast response, as displacements and material yielding of the structural elements in the RC frame. The level of damage is evaluated and classified according to the selected load case scenarios. Residual load carrying capacities are evaluated and level of damage was presented by the defined damage indices. This information is necessary to determine the vulnerability of existing multi-storey buildings with RC frames and to identify the level of damage under typical external explosion environments. It also provides basic guidance to the design of new buildings to resist blast loads.

Numerical and experimental investigation of wedge tip radius effect on wedge plasmons

We report numerical analysis and experimental observation of strongly localized plasmons guided by triangular metal wedges and pay special attention to the effect of smooth (nonzero radius) tips. Dispersion, dissipation, and field structure of such wedge plasmons are analyzed using the compact two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain algorithm. Experimental observation is conducted by the end-fire excitation and near-field scanning optical microscope detection of the predicted plasmons on 40°silver nanowedges with the wedge tip radii of 20, 85, and 125 nm that were fabricated by the focused-ion beam method. The effect of smoothing wedge tips is shown to be similar to that of increasing wedge angle. Increasing wedge angle or wedge tip radius results in increasing propagation distance at the same time as decreasing field localization (decreasing wave number). Quantitative differences between the theoretical and experimental propagation distances are suggested to be due to a contribution of scattered bulk and surface waves near the excitation region as well as the addition of losses due to surface roughness. The theoretical and measured propagation distances are several plasmon wavelengths and are useful for a range of nano-optical applications

Modelling water droplet movement on a leaf surface

Modelling droplet movement on leaf surfaces is an important component in understanding how water, pesticide or nutrient is absorbed through the leaf surface. A simple mathematical model is proposed in this paper for generating a realistic, or natural looking trajectory of a water droplet traversing a virtual leaf surface. The virtual surface is comprised of a triangular mesh structure over which a hybrid Clough-Tocher seamed element interpolant is constructed from real-life scattered data captured by a laser scanner. The motion of the droplet is assumed to be affected by gravitational, frictional and surface resistance forces and the innovation of our approach is the use of thin-film theory to develop a stopping criterion for the droplet as it moves on the surface. The droplet model is verified and calibrated using experimental measurement; the results are promising and appear to capture reality quite well.

Towards controlled growth of carbon nanotubes from germanium on nanoindented silicon substrates

In this paper, we report on a metal-catalyst-free synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a pre-patterned Si(001) surface. Arrays of triangular-shaped holes were created by nanoindentation in specific sites of the sample. After germanium deposition and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of acetylene, a few CNTs nucleated and grew from germanium nanoparticles. These results illustrate that it is possible to control the growth of CNTs without the use of any metal catalyst. By leading the assembly of Ge nanoparticles with a patterning technique, a precise control over the growth order is also attainable.

Correlations between designability and various structural characteristics of protein lattice models

Using six kinds of lattice types (4×4 ,5×5 , and6×6 square lattices;3×3×3 cubic lattice; and2+3+4+3+2 and4+5+6+5+4 triangular lattices), three different size alphabets (HP ,HNUP , and 20 letters), and two energy functions, the designability of proteinstructures is calculated based on random samplings of structures and common biased sampling (CBS) of proteinsequence space. Then three quantities stability (average energy gap),foldability, and partnum of the structure, which are defined to elucidate the designability, are calculated. The authors find that whatever the type of lattice, alphabet size, and energy function used, there will be an emergence of highly designable (preferred) structure. For all cases considered, the local interactions reduce degeneracy and make the designability higher. The designability is sensitive to the lattice type, alphabet size, energy function, and sampling method of the sequence space. Compared with the random sampling method, both the CBS and the Metropolis Monte Carlo sampling methods make the designability higher. The correlation coefficients between the designability, stability, and foldability are mostly larger than 0.5, which demonstrate that they have strong correlation relationship. But the correlation relationship between the designability and the partnum is not so strong because the partnum is independent of the energy. The results are useful in practical use of the designability principle, such as to predict the proteintertiary structure.

Natural convection in attics subject to instantaneous and ramp cooling boundary conditions

A fundamental study of the fluid dynamics inside an attic shaped triangular enclosure with cold upper walls and adiabatic horizontal bottom wall is reported in this study. The transient behaviour of the attic fluid which is relevant to our daily life is examined based on a scaling analysis. The transient phenomenon begins with the instantaneous cooling and the cooling with linear decreases of temperature up to some specific time (ramp time) and then maintain constant of the upper sloped walls. It is shown that both inclined walls develop a thermal boundary layer whose thicknesses increase towards steady-state or quasi-steady values. A proper identification of the timescales, the velocity and the thickness relevant to the flow that develops inside the cavity makes it possible to predict theoretically the basic flow features that will survive once the thermal flow in the enclosure reaches a steady state. A time scale for the cooling-down of the whole cavity together with the heat transfer scales through the inclined walls has also been obtained through scaling analysis. All scales are verified by the numerical simulations.

A review of natural convection and heat transfer in attic-shaped space

This paper presents a review of studies on natural convection heat transfer in the triangular enclosure namely, in attic-shaped space. Much research activity has been devoted to this topic over the last three decades with a view to providing thermal comfort to the occupants in attic-shaped buildings and to minimising the energy costs associated with heating and air-conditioning. Two basic thermal boundary conditions of attic are considered to represent hot and cold climates or day and night time. This paper also reports on a significant number of studies which have been performed recently on other topics related to the attic space, for example, attics subject to localized heating and attics filled with porous media.

Identification of dispersion-dependent hexagonal cavity modes of an individual ZnO nanonail

The hexagonal resonator characteristics of an individual ZnO-nanonail’s head were investigated via spatially resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) at room temperature. The positions of most of distinct CL peaks in visible range were well matched to those of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of a hexagonal dielectric cavity when we took birefringence and dispersion of refractive indices into account. The broad and weak peaks for TE polarization in long wavelength range were consistent with refractive-index values below the threshold for total internal inflection. CL peaks that were not matched to WGMs were identified as either triangular quasi-WGM or Fabry–Pérot resonance modes.

Novel numerical methods for time-space fractional reaction diffusion equations in two dimensions

We consider time-space fractional reaction diffusion equations in two dimensions. This equation is obtained from the standard reaction diffusion equation by replacing the first order time derivative with the Caputo fractional derivative, and the second order space derivatives with the fractional Laplacian. Using the matrix transfer technique proposed by Ilic, Liu, Turner and Anh [Fract. Calc. Appl. Anal., 9:333--349, 2006] and the numerical solution strategy used by Yang, Turner, Liu, and Ilic [SIAM J. Scientific Computing, 33:1159--1180, 2011], the solution of the time-space fractional reaction diffusion equations in two dimensions can be written in terms of a matrix function vector product $f(A)b$ at each time step, where $A$ is an approximate matrix representation of the standard Laplacian. We use the finite volume method over unstructured triangular meshes to generate the matrix $A$, which is therefore non-symmetric. However, the standard Lanczos method for approximating $f(A)b$ requires that $A$ is symmetric. We propose a simple and novel transformation in which the standard Lanczos method is still applicable to find $f(A)b$, despite the loss of symmetry. Numerical results are presented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of our newly proposed numerical solution strategy.

Effects of corrugation frequency and aspect ratio on natural convection within an enclosure having sinusoidal corrugation over a heated top surface

Natural convection of a two-dimensional laminar steady-state incompressible fluid flow in a modified rectangular enclosure with sinusoidal corrugated top surface has been investigated numerically. The present study has been carried out for different corrugation frequencies on the top surface as well as aspect ratios of the enclosure in order to observe the change in hydrodynamic and thermal behavior with constant corrugation amplitude. A constant flux heat source is flush mounted on the top sinusoidal wall, modeling a wavy sheet shaded room exposed to sunlight. The flat bottom surface is considered as adiabatic, while the both vertical side walls are maintained at the constant ambient temperature. The fluid considered inside the enclosure is air having Prandtl number of 0.71. The numerical scheme is based on the finite element method adapted to triangular non-uniform mesh element by a non-linear parametric solution algorithm. The results in terms of isotherms, streamlines and average Nusselt numbers are obtained for the Rayleigh number ranging from 10^3 to 10^6 with constant physical properties for the fluid medium considered. It is found that the convective phenomena are greatly influenced by the presence of the corrugation and variation of aspect ratios.