315 resultados para Luhmann, Niklas


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Hohe Leistungsfähigkeit bei niedrigen Kosten sowie hoher Servicegrad und Flexibilität bilden die maßgeblichen Zielkriterien für intralogistische Systeme. Die daraus resultierende Anforderung der Systembetreiber nach einer adäquaten Leistungserbringung ist im Wesentlichen als mengen- und zeitgerechte Bewältigung der in das System eingegebenen Last zu verstehen. Bei der Erfüllung dieser dynamischen Anforderungen sind insbesondere drei Faktoren zu berücksichtigen, die einen Einfluss auf die Leistungserbringung besitzen. Hierbei handelt es sich um die technische Verfügbarkeit, die maximale Leistungsfähigkeit (Grenzleistung) sowie die Steuerungsstrategie auf operativer bzw. dispositiver Ebene. Die Untersuchung des Zusammenwirkens dieser Faktoren und die Zusammenführung dieser zu einem integrativen Berechnungsmodell sind Gegenstand aktueller Forschungsarbeiten am Lehrstuhl für Förder- und Lagerwesen. Ziel hierbei ist es, bereits im Rahmen der Systemplanung die zu erwartende, tatsächlich nutzbare Systemleistung zu ermitteln und bei der Systemgestaltung zu berücksichtigen, ohne hierfür aufwändige Simulationsstudien durchführen zu müssen. Der folgende Beitrag fasst die im Rahmen des Sonderforschungsbereich 696 der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft erarbeiteten Ergebnisse aus dem Bereich der technischen Verfügbarkeit zusammen und gibt einen Ausblick auf weitere Arbeiten, die zur Entwicklung des integrierten Berechnungsmodells der Leistungsverfügbarkeit notwendig sind.

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Leistungsverfügbarkeit als Kennwert ist in den letzten Jahren in den theoretischen sowie auch praktischen Fokus gerückt. Zielstellung eines theoretischen Ansatzes in diesem Bereich muss die Schaffung von Grundlagen für den praktischen Nutzen sein. Um die bestehende Lücke zwischen den dargestellten Parteien ein Stück weit zu schließen, erläutert der vorliegende Artikel zunächst Forderungen der Praxis aus Sicht von Anlagenplaner und -betreiber und stellt anschließend einen darauf antwortenden theoretischen Ansatz vor, der die Planbarkeit von Leistungsverfügbarkeit ermöglichen soll.

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This paper contrasts the decision-usefulness of prototype accounting regimes based on perfect accounting for value, i.e. ideal value accounting (IVA), and perfect matching of cost, i.e. ideal cost accounting (ICA). The regimes are analyzed in the context of a firm with overlapping capacity investments where projects earn excess returns and residual income is utilized as performance indicator. Provided that IVA and ICA systematically differ based on the criterion of unconditional conservatism, we assess their respective decision-usefulness for different valuation- and stewardship-scenarios. Assuming that addressees solely observe current accounting data of the firm, ICA provides information which is useful for valuation and stewardship without reservation whereas IVA entails problems under specific assumptions.

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The chronology and configuration of the Svalbard Barents Sea Ice Sheet (SBSIS) during the Late Weichselian (LW) are based on few and geographically scattered data. Thus, the timing and configuration of the SBSIS has been a subject of extensive debate. We present provenance data of erratic boulders and cosmogenic 10Be ages of bedrock and boulders from Northwest Spitsbergen (NWS), Svalbard to determine the thickness, configuration and chronology during the LW. We sampled bedrock and boulders of mountain summits and summit slopes, along with erratic boulders from coastal locations around NWS. We suggest that a local ice dome over central NWS during LW drained radially in all directions. Provenance data from erratic boulders from northern coastal lowland Reinsdyrflya suggest northeastward ice flow through Liefdefjorden. 10Be ages of high-elevation erratic boulders in central NWS (687–836 m above sea level) ranging from 18.3 ± 1.3 ka to 21.7 ± 1.4 ka, indicate that the centre of a local ice dome was at least 300 m thicker than at present. 10Be ages of all high-elevation erratics (>400 m above sea level, central and coastal locations) indicate the onset of ice dome thinning at 25–20 ka. 10Be ages from erratic boulders on Reinsdyrflya ranging from 11.1 ± 0.8 ka to 21.4 ± 1.7 ka, indicate an ice cover over the entire Reinsdyrflya during LW and a complete deglaciation prior to the Holocene, but apparently later than the thinning in the mountains. Lack of moraine deposits, but the preservation of beach terraces, suggest that the ice covering this peninsula possibly was cold-based and that Reinsdyrflya was part of an inter ice-stream area covered by slow-flowing ice, as opposed to the adjacent fjord, which possibly was filled by a fast-flowing ice stream. Despite the early thinning of the ice sheet (25–20 ka) we find a later timing of deglaciation of the fjords and the distal lowlands. Several bedrock samples (10Be) from vertical transects in the central mountains of NWS pre-date the LW, and suggest either ice free or pervasive cold-based ice conditions. Our reconstruction is aligned with the previously suggested hypothesis that a complex multi-dome ice-sheet-configuration occupied Svalbard and the Barents Sea during LW, with numerous drainage basins feeding fast ice streams, separated by slow flowing, possibly cold-based, inter ice-stream areas.

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In order to bridge interdisciplinary differences in Presence research and to establish connections between Presence and “older” concepts of psychology and communication, a theoretical model of the formation of Spatial Presence is proposed. It is applicable to the exposure to different media and intended to unify the existing efforts to develop a theory of Presence. The model includes assumptions about attention allocation, mental models, and involvement, and considers the role of media factors and user characteristics as well, thus incorporating much previous work. It is argued that a commonly accepted model of Spatial Presence is the only solution to secure further progress within the international, interdisciplinary and multiple-paradigm community of Presence research.