Back pages of No. 58, 1997

Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands. Map.

A review of the Japanese longline fishery for tunas and billfishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean, 1993-1997

English: This report reviews the Japanese longline fishery in the eastern Pacific Ocean during the 1993-1997 period, extending the studies for the 1956-1992 period made by other investigators. The spatial and temporal distributions of fishing effort, catch, apparent abundance, sexual maturity, and size composition are examined for the principal species of tunas and billfishes taken by that fishery. Some information on the catches of sharks by the Japanese longline fishery is given. The interactions between the surface and longline fisheries are discussed. Spanish: En este informe se presenta un análisis de la actividad pesquera de buques palangreros japoneses en el Océano Pacífico oriental durante el período de 1993-1997, extendiendo los estudios del período de 1956-1992 realizados por otros investigadores. Se examinan las distribuciones espacial y temporal del esfuerzo de pesca, la captura, la abundancia aparente, la madurez sexual, y la composición por talla de las principales especies de atunes y picudos capturadas por dicha pesquería. Se presenta cierta información sobre las capturas de tiburones por la pesquería palangrera japonesa. Se describen las interacciones entre las pesquerías de superficie y palangrera.

River Lune salmon action plan March 1997. Draft Copy.

The River Lune was at one time one of the best salmon fisheries in England and Wales with very high catches to both rods and netsmen. During the 1960's, the stock was decimated by the disease Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis which caused a dramatic reduction in catches. Catches have not recovered to pre-disease levels. The target egg deposition rate for the River Lune system which should produce the maximum number of surplus fish returning to the system has been determined at 13.8 million eggs. This will require 4,779 adult salmon to survive to successfully spawn. Under current rates of exploitation, the target egg deposition will occur at a declared rod catch of 1,974 salmon and a net catch of 2,627 salmon. Two automatic fish counters are in operation on the river system. Data from these suggest that, within the measures of compliance, the river has met it's target egg deposition for the last 3 years.

Reforma de licenciaturas em Letras Português-Espanhol: discursividades em disputa por sentidos de formação

Desde 2001, intensificaram-se, no Brasil, as discussões sobre a formação de professores. A Resolução CNE/CP n 1 de 2002 institui novas diretrizes para os cursos de licenciatura em nível superior, rompendo com o conceito de currículos mínimos, assim como propõe a LDB de 1996. No cerne da proposta de reforma das licenciaturas, está o aumento da carga horária destinada à formação profissional do docente, fundamentado na reflexão sobre a prática não apenas restrita ao momento do estágio supervisionado, mas também como componente curricular. As instituições de ensino superior (IES), por sua parte, precisam cumprir as exigências da lei, reformulando seus currículos e definindo seus posicionamentos diante da necessidade de repensar seus estágios e incluir as mencionadas práticas como componente curricular (PCC). Eis o contexto em que esta pesquisa se desenvolve, buscando discutir, a partir de escolhas curriculares, os diálogos e as produções de sentido sobre formação de professores de espanhol para atuar na educação básica, no contexto específico das universidades públicas do Rio de Janeiro que passaram pelo processo de reforma dos cursos de Licenciatura em Letras Português-Espanhol (UERJ, UFF e UFRJ). A perspectiva teórica adotada é a análise do discurso (MAINGUENEAU, 1997, 2005, 2008) e também as contribuições dos estudos da enunciação (BENVENISTE, 1989, 1995), a partir dos quais se permite uma reflexão do corpus de análise como enunciados sobre formação de professor sustentados por sujeitos institucionais em contextos específicos e que se materializam a partir de gêneros de discurso (BAKTHIN, 2000). Consideram-se, também, as contribuições de Foucault (2003, 2009, 2012) quanto à compreensão de que a formação docente em cada IES se dá em meio a relações de poder que participam da produção de verdades sobre o que é a própria atividade de formar professor. Os estudos da ergologia (SCHWARTZ, 2002; TRINQUET, 2010) também participam da fundamentação da pesquisa, destacando a distância existente entre a prescrição e a atividade de trabalho, o que contribui para a compreensão de que há documentos que prescrevem o trabalho de formação, mas não o impossibilitam de se modificar de acordo com a situação. As análises se realizam em duas etapas: primeiro, a observação das modificações em fluxogramas acadêmicos que, por meio de marcas verbais e não verbais, citam e se apropriam das propostas de lei; segundo, a observação de ementas de PCC e estágio, considerando suas referências aos campos da teoria e da prática, a partir do emprego de nominalizações (OLÍMPIO, 2006; PACHI FILHO, 2008). Em síntese, o resultado das análises mostra que houve diferentes estabilizações no que se refere às PCCs e aos estágios, contudo, em geral, notou-se que as unidades básicas de formação (Instituto/Faculdade de Letras) ainda são sustentadas por discursividades que valorizam a formação para o beletrismo, apresentando certa resistência à incorporação e à reformulação sustentada por discursividades que valorizam a profissionalização docente

River Lune juvenile fish stock assessment 1997 with particular reference to salmonids

This report presents data from the juvenile salmonid fish stock assessment which is part of the routine Environment Agency riverine monitoring programme. A total of 110 sites was electrofished throughout the Lune catchment between 15th July 1997 and 14th October 1997. These sites included 84 that had been previously sampled in the last comprehensive survey of the catchment, in 1991. The aim of this survey was to assess the distribution and abundance of juvenile salmon and trout in the River Lune catchment and to compare results with those of previous surveys.

La reforma de las pensiones: Análisis económico de la Ley 23/2013

El siguiente Trabajo Fin de Grado analiza las particularidades de la “Ley 23/2013, de 23 de diciembre, reguladora del Factor de Sostenibilidad y del Índice de Revalorización del Sistema de Pensiones de la Seguridad Social”. El trabajo se centra principalmente en los dos componentes que constituyen la ley anteriormente citada, por un lado en el Factor de Sostenibilidad y por otro lado en el Índice de Revalorización de las Pensiones.

Environmental effects of drought and abstractions of River Wharfe fisheries, summer 1997

This investigation was carried out to provide information on fish stocks and angling activity during 1997 in relation to the drought and, in particular, flows as influenced by Time Limited Licences. These abstractions will be for review in 1999. This report extends and updates the data presented for 1996. Fish population surveys (including eels) were undertaken on the main river and selected tributaries. Angler caught brown trout were examined, angler catch data have been reviewed, and observations by Environment Agency fisheries staff collated. It appeared that in River Wharfe both the fish populations and individual fish appeared to be in good condition and limited changes had occurred since the 1996 survey.

1997 fisheries statistics, Lake Kariba - Zimbabwe shore

The report provides catch records for the kapenta (Limnothrissa miodon) and inshore fisheries in the Zimbabwean waters of Lake Kariba for the year 1997. Kapenta usually constitute about 94% of the total catch from Lake Kariba; for statistical purposes catches are recorded for the 5 hydrological basins - Mlibizi, Binga, Sengwa, Bumi and Kariba. The kapenta, which occupy the open pelagic waters of the lake, represent a unit stock which is harvested by both Zimbabwe and Zambia; the artisanal fishery exploits inshore species which generally occupy water less than 10m deep along the shoreline. The Zambian and Zimbabwean inshore fisheries may therefore be considered to be exploiting 2 separate stocks. The main species in the inshore fishery are Oreochromis mortimeri, Sargochromis codringtonii, Tilapia rendalli, Labeo altivelis, Hydrocynus vittatus, Mormyrus longirostris, M.anguilloides and Clarias gariepinus.

Environmental effects of drought and abstractions of River Ouse fisheries, summer 1997

This survey was the second year of a three year study to examine fish populations in relation to low flows, drought and abstraction in the River Ouse. To fully evaluate the possible effects on fisheries the study set out to encompass fish population surveys from fry to adult stock, analysis of angler catch data, reports from anglers and river reports from Environment Agency Fisheries staff.

River Ribble sheep dip incident September 1997. Electric-fishing survey report

This report summarises the findings of a series of electric-fishing surveys carried out at four sites on the River Ribble from September 1997 to September 1998. The aims of these surveys were to assess the impact on juvenile salmonids of a pollution incident involving Synthetic Pyrethrin (SP) that occurred near High Birkwith I (SD 802 767) in September 1997.One of these sites was 2.65km upstream of the pollution whilst the remaining three were at varying distances downstream. Data was collected during surveys of the River Ribble in 1992, 97 and 98. The 1997 and 1998 surveys were carried out specifically to monitor for any possible effects of the SP discharge. Data are shown as grades derived from the National Fisheries Classification scheme (NFC). Results are given for the four salmonid life stages; 0+ trout, >0+ trout, 0+ salmon, >0+ salmon and also Total Salmonids.

Effects of the 1997-1998 El Niño on population size and diet of the Galápagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki)

The multi-annual climatic event, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important factor in the population dynamics of coastal marine species in the Galápagos. The Galápagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki, suffered an apparent population decline of about 50%, considering both mortality and movements away from study sites during the 1997-98 El Niño. This change was in part due to changes in the availability of sardines of the Family Clupeidae, its main prey. These declines resulted partly from elevated mortality (35%) in sea lion colonies, particularly among pups, juveniles (< 1 year old), and dominant males and as a result of movements of adults elsewhere (15%), presumably where there were alternative prey and better environmental conditions.