A new methodology for urban wind resource assessment

In the latest years the wind energy sector experienced an exponential growth all over the world. What started as a deployment of onshore projects, soon moved to offshore and, more recently to the urban environment within the context of smart cities and renewable micro-generation. However, urban wind projects using micro turbines do not have enough profit margins to enable the setup of comprehensive and expensive measurement campaigns, a standard procedure for the deployment of large wind parks. To respond to the wind assessment needs of the future smart cities a new and simple methodology for urban wind resource assessment was developed. This methodology is based on the construction of a surface involving a built area in order to estimate the wind potential by treating it as very complex orography. This is a straightforward methodology that allows estimating the sustainable urban wind potential, being suitable to map the urban wind resource in large areas. The methodology was applied to a case study and the results enabled the wind potential assessment of a large urban area being consistent with experimental data obtained in the case study area, with maximum deviations of the order of 10% (mean wind speed) and 20% (power density).

Rehabilitation of renders of old buildings in Portugal: survey, supporting methodology proposal and case study

The main purpose of the research is to present a proposal for a methodology to support the rehabilitation project of renders of old buildings in Portugal. To achieve the objective it was considered essential to define the main types of participants and aspects to integrate the proposal. The research methodology consists in an inquiry presented to professional participants in rehabilitation, a market study of materials and products available in Portugal, the design of a methodology proposal and its application to a case study. The inquiry sample totals 24 answers from the targeted professionals. A sequence of relevant supporting procedures consists in the proposal, which aims to provide a supporting methodology to decide and project in this context and also to be tested with its application to the building. This proposal was applied to an old building with load-bearing stone masonry walls and air-lime based renders. It was concluded that the assessment of the building and external renderings’ condition, its diagnosis and of the supporting walls, the definition of intervention, the specification of materials to be used and performance requirements to comply, and also plans for conservation and periodic maintenance, are crucial. From the inquiry, compatibility between materials and complementary roles and points of view of different types of participants in rehabilitation must be highlighted. A proposal for a methodology to support the project could provide useful guidance particularly for architects and construction engineers, and improve the understanding of direct participants on site, therefore contributing for the correct implementation of intervention.

Metodologias TRIZ e Lean numa Indústria de unidades de tratamento de ar e de ventilação

Num mundo globalizado, as organizações têm sido forçadas a inovar em busca de novas técnicas de gestão, devido a limitações dos modelos de gestão tradicional. Para subsistir num mercado altamente competitivo, as organizações procuram diferenciar-se da concorrência por via de utilização de novas metodologias de gestão que permitam aumentar a eficiência dos processos internos. A implementação de fundamentos e técnicas da metodologia Lean, em conjunto com os conceitos e os instrumentos analíticos da metodologia TRIZ, pode auxiliar as organizações na procura de melhoria contínua em todas as áreas funcionais, encontrando soluções mais criativas e inovadoras. A presente dissertação foi elaborada no âmbito de um estágio curricular realizado numa empresa metalomecânica, que atua no setor industrial de tratamento de ar e de ventilação. Os objetivos do estágio delineados inicialmente visavam o estudo da melhoria de organização do armazém numa das unidades industriais do grupo. No decorrer do estágio, foi possível não só melhorar em vários aspetos o funcionamento do armazém, como também foram elaboradas e implementadas várias ações de melhoria nas outras áreas funcionais da empresa. A análise efetuada à situação atual da empresa e as soluções encontradas para os problemas identificados basearam-se em algumas técnicas e instrumentos analíticos das metodologias Lean e TRIZ. Entre os vários resultados obtidos, destacam-se a redução significativa de stocks, a reorganização da hierarquia funcional, a melhoria do fluxo de informação interna e externa (entre a empresa e os fornecedores), a criação de um sistema de deteção de não conformidades com origem nos fornecedores, entre outros. No desenvolvimento deste estágio e com base nos resultados obtidos, foi submetido e aceite um artigo e uma proposta para o concurso de projetos no âmbito de The 6th International Conference on Systematic Innovation (ICSI) & The 5th Global Competition on Systematic Innovation (GCSI).

The efficacy of the old way/new way methodology on the correction of an automated technical error and its impact on the athlete’s psychological skills : Case study in tennis

The aim of this study was to evaluated the efficacy of the Old Way/New Way methodology (Lyndon, 1989/2000) with regard to the permanent correction of a consolidated and automated technical error experienced by a tennis athlete (who is 18 years old and has been engaged in practice mode for about 6 years) in the execution of serves. Additionally, the study assessed the impact of intervention on the athlete’s psychological skills. An individualized intervention was designed using strategies that aimed to produce a) a detailed analysis of the error using video images; b) an increased kinaesthetic awareness; c) a reactivation of memory error; d) the discrimination and generalization of the correct motor action. The athlete’s psychological skills were measured with a Portuguese version of the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (Cruz & Viana, 1993). After the intervention, the technical error was corrected with great efficacy and an increase in the athlete’s psychological skills was verified. This study demonstrates the methodology’s efficacy, which is consistent with the effects of this type of intervention in different contexts.

Antioxidant extraction process for Andean Oca by a photodiode array detector using response surface methodology

Application of Experimental Design techniques has proven to be essential in various research fields, due to its statistical capability of processing the effect of interactions among independent variables, known as factors, in a system’s response. Advantages of this methodology can be summarized in more resource and time efficient experimentations while providing more accurate results. This research emphasizes the quantification of 4 antioxidants extraction, at two different concentration, prepared according to an experimental procedure and measured by a Photodiode Array Detector. Experimental planning was made following a Central Composite Design, which is a type of DoE that allows to consider the quadratic component in Response Surfaces, a component that includes pure curvature studies on the model produced. This work was executed with the intention of analyzing responses, peak areas obtained from chromatograms plotted by the Detector’s system, and comprehending if the factors considered – acquired from an extensive literary review – produced the expected effect in response. Completion of this work will allow to take conclusions regarding what factors should be considered for the optimization studies of antioxidants extraction in a Oca (Oxalis tuberosa) matrix.

Avaliação da Sustentação da metodologia Lean numa organização: caso de estudo na EDP produção

Nos dias de hoje, são cada vez mais as organizações que procuram ser reconhecidas no mercado pela qualidade, pela eficiência e pela resposta rápida às mudanças sentidas. Neste contexto surgem muitos paradigmas e métodos de gestão que pretendem fazer face aos fatores externos que tornam os mercados tão voláteis. Dentre várias, destaca-se o Lean como forma de gestão, que advoga práticas e conceitos de melhoria contínua e redução de desperdícios em toda a cadeia de valor, visando sempre a satisfação do consumidor. Considerada uma forma de pensar, desenvolve as pessoas através da criação de uma cultura onde todos são encorajados a usar o pensamento, conhecimento e capacidades adquiridas para resolver problemas e melhorar continuamente. Mas apesar de o Lean ter surgido na indústria automóvel e ser passível de aplicar em todas as indústrias e serviços, não é uma mudança simples. Para tal, deve existir um sentido forte de liderança desde a gestão de topo até ao fim da estrutura hierárquica. Associada à implementação desta metodologia numa organização, surge também a necessidade de avaliar o desempenho destas nas organizações. Nesta ótica, são vários os modelos de avaliação desenvolvidos sendo que um dos mais reconhecidos é o Modelo de Shingo, criado pela Utah State University, que todos os anos atribui prémios a organizações que se queiram submeter a uma avaliação que reflita a adequação da organização à metodologia. No âmbito do tema e objetivos propostos pela organização que serviu de caso de estudo, foi então proposto e desenvolvido um Modelo de Avaliação da Sustentação da Metodologia Lean. O modelo teve como base princípios do Modelo de Shingo, tendo como objetivo identificar o estado do Lean implementado numa organização e de que forma este está intrínseco à gestão, baseando-se na perceção interna da organização e a perceção externa da entidade que o aplica, tendo sempre presente a visão do Lean enquanto metodologia de gestão. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram ser coerentes com as características da implementação da metodologia numa organização, confirmando mais uma vez, a importância da compreensão dos princípios da metodologia a par com a aplicação das ferramentas de apoio, de modo a alcançar uma implementação de sucesso. Foi também notável, o impacto que a liderança e o alinhamento numa organização têm numa transformação cultural desta dimensão. Apesar de a organização ter demonstrado um nível bom de adequação à metodologia, ainda tem um caminho a percorrer no sentido de tornar o Lean incorporado à cultura organizacional. Com o presente estudo é possível concluir que o Modelo de Avaliação proposto, é uma ferramenta útil no diagnóstico à implementação e na tomada de decisões no âmbito da sustentação da metodologia.

Rehabilitation of renders of old buildings in Portugal: survey, supporting methodology proposal and case studies

The main purpose of the research is to present a proposal for a methodology to support the rehabilitation project of renders of old buildings. To achieve the objective it was considered essential to define the main types of participants and aspects to integrate the proposal. The research methodology consists in an inquiry presented to several professional participants in rehabilitation, a market study of materials and products available in Portugal, the design of a methodology proposal and its application to a case study. The inquiry sample totals 24 answers from the targeted professionals. A sequence of relevant supporting procedures consists in the proposal, which aims to provide a supporting methodology to decide and project in this context and also to be tested with its application to the building. This proposal was applied to an old building with load-bearing stone masonry walls and air-lime based renders. It was concluded that the assessment of the building and external renderings’ condition, its diagnosis and of the supporting walls, the definition of intervention, the specification of materials to be used and performance requirements to comply, and also plans for conservation and periodic maintenance, are crucial. From the inquiry, compatibility between materials and complementary roles and points of view of different types of participants in rehabilitation must be highlighted. A proposal for a methodology to support the project could provide useful guidance particularly for architects and construction engineers, and improve the understanding of direct participants on site, therefore contributing for the correct implementation of the intervention.

Proposal of a methodology for the design of the installation of turrets on aircrafts – the approach on the aerodynamic influences

The present work has its origin on the necessity of enabling a design certified company, or DOA (Design Organization Approval), to perform a modification; this modification is the installation of EO/IR (Electro-optical infrared) sensors on aircrafts. The subject of interest in this dissertation lies on the aerodynamic impact of the modification on the aircraft. The primary purpose of the present thesis is the creation of a methodology that regards the design stage of the modification. This methodology serves as guidance to the DOA design team that is assigned to the design of the modification. The methodology includes a recommendation to the certification of the modification; it contains a method intended to decide the location of the installation of the sensors on the aircraft; it also comprises of a design structure specifically adapted to the modification in study. Regarding the aerodynamic impact, it is studied the aerodynamic analysis’ tools, which allows one to relate the different stages of design to the most suited tools to each stage. A case study is performed with the purpose of not only validating the methodology which was created but also to giving a first approach to the preliminary design of the modification. As example, there are used the Lockheed Martin C-130 aircraft and the FLIR Star Safire III sensor.

Electro-Optical/Infrared sensor turret integration on an aircraft - structural im-pact on LOCKHEED MARTIN C-130H and design methodology

The growing need to patrol and survey large maritime and terrestrial areas increased the need to integrate external sensors on aircraft in order to accomplish those patrols at increasingly higher altitudes, longer range and not depending upon vehicle type. The main focus of this work is to elaborate a practical, simple, effective and efficient methodology for the aircraft modification procedure resulting from the integration of an Elec-tro-Optical/Infra-Red (EO/IR) turret through a support structure. The importance of the devel-opment of a good methodology relies on the correct management of project variables as time, available resources and project complexity. The key is to deliver a proper tool for a project de-sign team that will be used to create a solution that fulfils all technical, non-technical and certi-fication requirements present in this field of transportation. The created methodology is inde-pendent of two main inputs: sensor model and aircraft model definition, and therefore it is in-tended to deliver the results for different projects besides the one that was presented in this work as a case study. This particular case study presents the development of a structure support for FLIR STAR SAPHIRE III turret integration on the front lower fuselage bulkhead (radome) of the LOCKHEED MARTIN C-130 H. Development of the case study focuses on the study of local structural analysis through the use of Finite Element Method (FEM). Development of this Dissertation resulted in a cooperation between Faculty of Science and Technology - Universidade Nova de Lisboa and the company OGMA - Indústria Aeronáutica de Portugal

A systematic methodology to analyse the performance and design configurations of business interoperability in cooperative industrial networks

This thesis proposes a methodology for modelling business interoperability in a context of cooperative industrial networks. The purpose is to develop a methodology that enables the design of cooperative industrial network platforms that are able to deliver business interoperability and the analysis of its impact on the performance of these platforms. To achieve the proposed objective, two modelling tools have been employed: the Axiomatic Design Theory for the design of interoperable platforms; and Agent-Based Simulation for the analysis of the impact of business interoperability. The sequence of the application of the two modelling tools depends on the scenario under analysis, i.e. whether the cooperative industrial network platform exists or not. If the cooperative industrial network platform does not exist, the methodology suggests first the application of the Axiomatic Design Theory to design different configurations of interoperable cooperative industrial network platforms, and then the use of Agent-Based Simulation to analyse or predict the business interoperability and operational performance of the designed configurations. Otherwise, one should start by analysing the performance of the existing platform and based on the achieved results, decide whether it is necessary to redesign it or not. If the redesign is needed, simulation is once again used to predict the performance of the redesigned platform. To explain how those two modelling tools can be applied in practice, a theoretical modelling framework, a theoretical Axiomatic Design model and a theoretical Agent-Based Simulation model are proposed. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology and/or to validate the proposed theoretical models, a case study regarding a Portuguese Reverse Logistics cooperative network (Valorpneu network) and a case study regarding a Portuguese construction project (Dam Baixo Sabor network) are presented. The findings of the application of the proposed methodology to these two case studies suggest that indeed the Axiomatic Design Theory can effectively contribute in the design of interoperable cooperative industrial network platforms and that Agent-Based Simulation provides an effective set of tools for analysing the impact of business interoperability on the performance of those platforms. However, these conclusions cannot be generalised as only two case studies have been carried out. In terms of relevance to theory, this is the first time that the network effect is addressed in the analysis of the impact of business interoperability on the performance of networked companies and also the first time that a holistic approach is proposed to design interoperable cooperative industrial network platforms. Regarding the practical implications, the proposed methodology is intended to provide industrial managers a management tool that can guide them easily, and in practical and systematic way, in the design of configurations of interoperable cooperative industrial network platforms and/or in the analysis of the impact of business interoperability on the performance of their companies and the networks where their companies operate.

Assessing initial embodied energy in building structures using LCA methodology

The considerable amount of energy consumed on Earth is a major cause for not achieving sustainable development. Buildings are responsible for the highest worldwide energy consumption, nearly 40%. Strong efforts have been made in what concerns the reduction of buildings operational energy (heating, hot water, ventilation, electricity), since operational energy is so far the highest energy component in a building life cycle. However, as operational energy is being reduced the embodied energy increases. One of the building elements responsible for higher embodied energy consumption is the building structural system. Therefore, the present work is going to study part of embodied energy (initial embodied energy) in building structures using a life cycle assessment methodology, in order to contribute for a greater understanding of embodied energy in buildings structural systems. Initial embodied energy is estimated for a building structure by varying the span and the structural material type. The results are analysed and compared for different stages, and some conclusions are drawn. At the end of this work it was possible to conclude that the building span does not have considerable influence in embodied energy consumption of building structures. However, the structural material type has influence in the overall energetic performance. In fact, with this research it was possible that building structure that requires more initial embodied energy is the steel structure; then the glued laminated timber structure; and finally the concrete structure.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe in schizophrenics: a critical review of the methodology

Schizophrenic patients undergoing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy show alterations in N-acetyl aspartate levels in several brain regions, indicating neuronal dysfunction. The present review focuses on the main proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in the frontal lobe of schizophrenics. A MEDLINE search, from 1991 to March 2004, was carried out using the key-words spectroscopy and schizophrenia and proton and frontal. In addition, articles cited in the reference list of the studies obtained through MEDLINE were included. As a result, 27 articles were selected. The results were inconsistent, 19 papers reporting changes in the N-acetyl aspartate levels, while 8 reported no change. Methodological analysis led to the conclusion that the discrepancy may be due the following factors: (i) number of participants; (ii) variation in the clinical and demographic characteristics of the groups; (iii) little standardization of the acquisition parameters of spectroscopy. Overall, studies that fulfill strict methodological criteria show N-acetyl aspartate decrease in the frontal lobe of male schizophrenics.

Ensaio exploratório de um modelo TLS num sistema produtivo Lean: caso Equipar

O setor da cortiça representa no panorama industrial português um lugar de grande destaque devido à imagem de excelência e de rigor que os fabricantes nacionais transmitem ao mundo. As rolhas, produto originado por esta matéria-prima, encontram-se sujeitas a novas pressões do mercado pelo aparecimento de produtos alternativos que fornecem a mesma utilidade. O caso de Estudo é aplicado na Corticeira Amorim, atual líder mundial do setor, que utiliza a inovação e a melhoria dos seus processos e produtos como forma de manter o monopólio que atualmente possui. Faz parte da estratégia da Unidade Industrial Equipar, procurar as melhores práticas exploradas pelas empresas internacionais de topo. Atualmente a metodologia que apresenta melhor desempenho em termos de ganhos são os modelos que combinam a Teoria das Restrições com Lean e 6-Sigma, denominados pela sigla TLS. Foi desejado que se criasse um modelo com base nas filosofias anteriores e que fosse possível adaptar ao sistema produtivo de rolhas técnicas encontrado na secção Twin Top. Após uma revisão bibliográfica, construiu-se um modelo TLS com 5 fases com objetivo de atingir a melhoria contínua de um sistema produtivo. As fases do modelo proposto passam pela análise e identificação da restrição, exploração da mesma com as possíveis oportunidades de melhorias LSS, pela subordinação do sistema à restrição e por fim é feita uma reavaliação do desempenho da restrição, onde se a mesma estiver resolvida o ciclo fecha retornando ao primeiro passo novamente ou, caso contrário, é elevado o desempenho do processo com recurso a investimento monetário. Foram aplicados dois ciclos de melhoria contínua. Os resultados obtidos na resolução da primeira restrição foram extremamente satisfatórios onde o processo restritivo tornou-se o mais eficiente após as melhorias. Foi iniciada a exploração da restrição no segundo ciclo. Os objetivos definidos inicialmente na presente tese de mestrado foram alcançados.

Methodology for WSN communication technologies automated field tests

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) are networks of devices used to sense and act that applies wireless radios to communicate. To achieve a successful implementation of a wireless device it is necessary to take in consideration the existence of a wide variety of radios available, a large number of communication parameters (payload, duty cycle, etc.) and environmental conditions that may affect the device’s behaviour. However, to evaluate a specific radio towards a unique application it might be necessary to conduct trial experiments, with such a vast amount of devices, communication parameters and environmental conditions to take into consideration the number of trial cases generated can be surprisingly high. Thus, making trial experiments to achieve manual validation of wireless communication technologies becomes unsuitable due to the existence of a high number of trial cases on the field. To overcome this technological issue an automated test methodology was introduced, presenting the possibility to acquire data regarding the device’s behaviour when testing several technologies and parameters that care for a specific analysis. Therefore, this method advances the validation and analysis process of the wireless radios and allows the validation to be done without the need of specific and in depth knowledge about wireless devices.

Modelo de utilização conjunta das metodologias Lean e TRIZ

As exigências crescentes e as rápidas mudanças nos mercados obrigam as organizações a pensarem cada vez mais na inovação e melhoria contínua. Hoje em dia qualquer estratégia de crescimento, e até mesmo a própria sobrevivência nos mercados, passa cada vez mais pela aplicação de novas abordagens e metodologias. A redução de desperdícios, melhoria contínua, inovação e a capacidade de resolução de problemas tornaram-se de extrema importância nas últimas décadas. Nesta linha estratégica, a metodologia Lean é reconhecida e divulgada dentro das organizações devido aos benefícios advindos da sua aplicação e dos resultados positivos na identificação de desperdícios. Identificados os desperdícios, a metodologia especializada na resolução de problemas é a TRIZ – Teoria da Resolução Inventiva de Problemas. A TRIZ tem vindo a ganhar popularidade tanto a nível académico, como a nível empresarial. A TRIZ promove a inovação sistemática e a procura de novas soluções para os problemas existentes, apresentando técnicas e ferramentas analíticas para a resolução de problemas dos produtos, processos e organizações, permitindo assim desenvolver soluções inovadoras. Esta metodologia permite também que a inovação deixe de ser esporádica, não dependendo apenas da capacidade individual de cada um e de momentos de inspiração, evoluindo para a inovação sistemática que pode ser gerida e ensinada. Torna-se de muita utilidade a realização de estudos de aplicação conjunta das duas metodologias. Nesta dissertação foi elaborada a proposta de um modelo, que permite efetuar a análise de sistemas com vista à identificação dos desperdícios/contradições e a sua eliminação/redução, através da utilização conjunta das ferramentas analíticas da TRIZ e do Lean. Foi demonstrado que as metodologias complementam-se. A TRIZ com a sua vertente de inovação e de resolução de problemas poderá constituir um contributo importante nos sistemas de aplicação do Lean.