Vuoden 1936 Willys

kuv., 12 x 21 cm

Universal Quantum Cloning

After introducing the no-cloning theorem and the most common forms of approximate quantum cloning, universal quantum cloning is considered in detail. The connections it has with universal NOT-gate, quantum cryptography and state estimation are presented and briefly discussed. The state estimation connection is used to show that the amount of extractable classical information and total Bloch vector length are conserved in universal quantum cloning. The 1  2 qubit cloner is also shown to obey a complementarity relation between local and nonlocal information. These are interpreted to be a consequence of the conservation of total information in cloning. Finally, the performance of the 1  M cloning network discovered by Bužek, Hillery and Knight is studied in the presence of decoherence using the Barenco et al. approach where random phase fluctuations are attached to 2-qubit gates. The expression for average fidelity is calculated for three cases and it is found to depend on the optimal fidelity and the average of the phase fluctuations in a specific way. It is conjectured to be the form of the average fidelity in the general case. While the cloning network is found to be rather robust, it is nevertheless argued that the scalability of the quantum network implementation is poor by studying the effect of decoherence during the preparation of the initial state of the cloning machine in the 1 ! 2 case and observing that the loss in average fidelity can be large. This affirms the result by Maruyama and Knight, who reached the same conclusion in a slightly different manner.

Recueil de lettres et de pièces originales, et de copies de pièces indiquées comme telles dans le dépouillement qui suit.

Contient : 1 Lettre du roi « FRANÇOYS [Ier] à monseigneur le grant maistre et mareschal de France... A Bloys, le XXIIIe jour de mars mil V.C.XXIX » ; 2 Lettre de la reine « LEONOR,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... A Victorie, ce XIe de may » ; 3 Lettre de « LOYSE » DE SAVOIE au « grant maistre... De Marcoussis, ce premier jour de novembre » ; 4 Lettre du roi « HENRY » VIII au « roy... De Grenewhiche, le IIIIe de janvier XV.C.XXVII » ; 5 Lettre de « RENEE DE FRANCE,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... A Modene, le XIXe jour de novembre » ; 6 Lettre de « HENRY » D'ALBRET, roi de Navarre, au « grant maistre... A Bloys, le cinqe jour d'avril » ; 7 Lettre de « HENRY » D'ALBRET au « grant maistre » ; 8 Lettre de « JEHANNE » D'ALBRET au « conestable de Montmoransy » ; 9 Lettre du « condestable de Castylla... al señor mayordomo del señor rey... De Fuente Rabia, a XI de mayo » ; 10 Lettre du « condestable de Castylla... al señor Memorancy, mayordomo del rey... De Pedra, da XVI d'ogsto » ; 11 Lettre de CHARLES « DE GRAMONT, e[vesque] d'Ayre... au roy... A Bourdeaulx, le VIIme jour de jullet » ; 12 Lettre de « CLAUDE DE LORRAINE,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Bar sur Aube, le XVIIIe jour de may » ; 13 Lettre de « BONIFACIUS, marquis DE MONTFERRAT,... à monseigneur le mareschal de Montmorency,... A Casal, le XXVIIe de janvier » ; 14 Lettre des « gens tenant le parlement... à messire de Montmorancy,... A Paris, en parlement... le IXe jour de decembre » ; 15 Lettre de « GALIOT [DE GENOUILLAC]... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Bloys, ce XXVIIIe jour de mars » ; 16 Lettre de « ROBERT STUART,... à monseigneur le mareschal de Montmorancy,... D'Aubigny, ce XIIe jour de mars » ; 17 Lettre de RENE, « batar de Savoye... à monseigneur le mareschal de Montmorency,... A Bloys, ce XVIe jour de feuvrier » ; 18 Lettre de « DE NEUFVILLE,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Paris, ce XXVIIIe jour d'avril » ; 19 Lettre de « GUILLAUME KNIGHT, ambassadeur d'Angleterre... à monseigneur le grant maistre... A Amboise, cest IXme de may » ; 20 Lettre de « ROBERTET,... à monseigneur le grant maistre et mareschal de France... De La Fere, le XIIIe jour de jullet » ; 21 Lettre de « DE LA TREMOILLE,... à monseigneur le mareschal de Montmorency,... A Abbeville, le premier jour d'octobre » ; 22 Lettre de « CLAUDE DE FOYS,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... A Chateaubriant, ce XI jour deu juillet » ; 23 Lettre de « CHARLES [duc D'ORLEANS] à monseigneur le grant maistre » ; 24 Lettre de « LOYS DE CLEVES,... à monseigneur de Montmorancy,... De Parys, le XXIXe d'avryl » ; 25 Lettre de PHILIPPE CHABOT, seigneur DE « BRYON [amiral de France]... à monseigneur le grant maistre... A La Fere, le VIe juillet » ; 26 Lettre de « CHARLES [duc D'ORLEANS] à monseigneur le grant maistre... A Fontainebleau, ce XIe de febvrier » ; 27 Lettre, en italien, du « duca DE SORA,... al gran maestro de Franza... Da Barletta, ad XVI de settembre » ; 28 Lettre de « PEDRO NAVARRO,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... Au port de Savonne, le XIIe jour de novembre » ; 29 Lettre adressée au roi. « A Bayonne, le XXVIIIe jour de may » ; 30 Lettre de « LOYS DE PRAET,... à monseigneur le grant maistre de France... De Fontarrabye, le XIXe jour de may » ; 31 Lettre de « LOYS DE PRAET,... à monseigneur le grant maistre de France... De Fontarrabye, le XXIIe de may » ; 32 Lettre de « FRANÇOYS D'ORLEANS,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Thurin, ce premier jour de may » ; 33 Lettre signée : « El datario... a monsignor el marescal de Montmoransi,... Da Roma, il primo di marzo 1526 » ; 34 Copie d'une trêve entre l'empereur Charles-Quint et le roi Henri VIII d'Angleterre, d'une part, et le roi François Ier et madame la régente de France, sa mère, d'autre part ; 35 Lettre de « LORGES,... à monseigneur le grant mestre... A Dourdam, ce VIIe jour de octobre » ; 36 Lettre de « DE CASTELNAU, e[vesque] de Tarbe... à monseigneur le connestable... De Madril, le IIe jour d'aoust » ; 37 Lettre de BERTRAND D'ORNESAN, baron « DE SAINT BLANCART [général des galères de France]... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Lyon, le XVIIe jour d'aoust » ; 38 Lettre de « CHARLES TIERCELIN,... DE LA ROCHE DU MAYNE,... à monseigneur le duc de Montmorancy,... De Sainct Quentin, ce mercredy XXIIe septembre 1557 » ; 39 Lettre de « JOAN CARACCIOLO,... au roy... A Thurin, le Xme de may 1548 » ; 40 Rapport adressé au « connestable » de France, concernant la Corse. « De Boniface, ce huictme jour de decembre 1553 » ; 41 Lettre d'«HUMYERES,... à monseigneur le mareschal de La Roche,... A Peronne, ce XXXe jour de septembre » ; 42 Lettre de « CHARLES DE GRAMONT, ar[chevesque] de Bourdeaulx... à monseigneur le grant maistre... A Blanhac, le premier jour de aoust » ; 43 Lettre de « H. DE MONTMORENCY,... à monseigneur le duc de Montmorency,... De Chantilly, ce XXXe d'octobre » ; 44 Lettre d'«ASPARROS,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... A Montfort, le XXe jour de janvier » ; 45 « Extraict fait sur l'original des articles responduz à monseigneur d'Albanye, le XVIIIe de juillet M.V.C.XXXI », par le roi ; 46 « Double de lettres du roy » concernant les compagnies suisses. « A Sainct Germain en Laye, le XXIe jour d'octobre » ; 47 Lettre de « PHILIPPES DE CROY,... à monseigneur de La Rochepot,... De Beaulmont, le Vme en novembre XXXVII » ; 48 Lettre de « LOYS DE PRAET,.. à monseigneur le grant maistre de France... De Fontarrabie, le XXIIe de may » ; 49 Lettre de « LOYS DE PRAET,... à monseigneur le grant maistre de France... De Fontarrabye, ce XXIIIe d'avril » ; 50 « Double de lettres escriptes à monseigneur l'admiral Du Barroys, ambassadeur pour le roy devers monseigneur de Savoye... A Genesve, ce VIIIe d'aoust » ; 51 Pièce concernant la prise du château de Théligny ; 52 Lettre de « G[ABRIEL] DE GRAMONT, e[vesque] de Tarbe... à monseigneur le grant maistre... A Romme, le XXVIe jour de septembre » ; 53 Lettre de « GREGORIO CASALE,... a monsignor lo gran maestro... A Orvieto, le 9e d'avril 1528 » ; 54 Lettre de CHARLES TIERCELIN DE « LA ROCHE DEU MAINE,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De La Roche du Maine, ce XIIIe de septembre » ; 55 Lettre de CHARLES TIERCELAIN DE « LA ROCHE DEU MAINE,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De La Roche, ce XIIe jour d'aoust » ; 56 Lettre de « LOYS DE PRAET,... à monseigneur de Sainct Bonnet,... De Fontarabie, ce XVIme de mars » ; 57 Lettre d'« ANTOINE RINÇON,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... A Venise, le 10e jour de janvier 1529 » ; 58 Pièce concernant la Flandre et le duc de Gueldres ; 59 Prédictions fondées sur la marche des planètes ; 60 État de payement de la maison du duc d'Angoulême et de Madeleine et Marguerite de France, ses soeurs. « Faict à Clery, le XXVIIIe jour de novembre l'an mil cinq cens trente. Signé : Françoys et Breton ». Copie ; 61 Lettre de « G. DE POYTIERS [sire DE SAINT-VALLIER]... à monseigneur le grant maistre... De Anjo, ce XIIe de janvyer » ; 62 Lettre de JEAN « DE LANGHAC, e[vesque] d'Avranches... à monseigneur le grand maistre... A Venise, ce VIme de juign » ; 63 « Double de l'edict de la guerre... A Ligny, le Xe jour de juillet... mil cinq cens quarente deux... » ; 64 « La Responce donnée par le chancellier de Mens pour et au nom de l'empire à l'ambassade du duc de Lorraine... A Spire, ce 3 jour d'avril 1543 » ; 65 Lettre de « DE LA MEILLERAYE,... à monseigneur le grant maistre... Du Havre de Grace, ce neufiesme jour d'octobre » ; 66 Lettre de « GREGORIO CASALE,... a monsignor il gran mastro di Francia... Di Viterbo, alli XXVI di giugno M.D.XXVIII » ; 67 Lettre de « JOVANNE CLEMENTE STANGHA,... a monsignor il gran maestro... Da Barletta, alli XVII di sept. 1528 » ; 68 Lettre de « JOVANNE CLEMENTE STANGHA,... a monsignor le marechal di Memoransi,... A Venetia, a di ultimo juyo 1523 » ; 69 Lettre signée : « El vescovo di Como... a monsignor gran maestro... Di San Gian d'Angeli, alli XVI di agosto M.D.XXX »

Le chevalier de Saint-Jean. Tome 2 / , traduit de l'anglais, de Miss Porter, par Jean Cohen

Titre original : The knight of St. John

Le chevalier de Saint-Jean. Tome 3 / , traduit de l'anglais, de Miss Porter, par Jean Cohen

Titre original : The knight of St. John

Le chevalier de Saint-Jean. Tome 1 / , traduit de l'anglais, de Miss Porter, par Jean Cohen

Titre original : The knight of St. John

Le chevalier de Saint-Jean. Tome 4 / , traduit de l'anglais, de Miss Porter, par Jean Cohen

Titre original : The knight of St. John

An examination of existential faith in the writtings of Søren Kierkegaard

This thesis takes seriously the proposition that existentialism is a lived philosophy. While Descartes' proof for the existence of God initially sparked my interest in philosophy, the insights of existentialism have allowed me to appropriate philosophy as a way of life. I apply the insights of Kierkegaard's writings to my spiritual and philosophy development. Philosophy is personal, and Kierkegaard's writings deal with the development of the person in his aesthetic, ethical and religious dimensions. Philosophy is a struggle, and this thesis, reveals the existential struggle of the individual in despair. The thesis argues that authentic faith actually entails faith. The existential believer has this faith whereas the religious believer does not. The subjectively reflective existential believer recognizes that a leap of faith is needed; anything else, is just historical, speculative knowledge. The existential believer or, the Knight of Faith, realizes that a leap of faith is needed to become open in inwardness to receive the condition to understand the paradoxes that faith presents. I will present Kierkegaard's "Analogy of a House" which is in essence, the backbone of his philosophy. I will discuss the challenge of moving from one floor to the next. More specifically, I will discuss the anxiety that is felt in the very moment of the transition from the first floor to the second floor. I will outline eight paradoxes that must me resolved in order for the individual to continue on his journey to the top floor of the house. I will argue that Kierkegaard's example of Abraham as a Knight of Faith is incorrect, that Abraham was in fact not a Knight of Faith. I will also argue that we should find our own exemplars in our own lives by looking for Knight of Faith traits in people we know and then trying to emulate those people. I will also discuss Unamuno's "paradoxical faith" and argue that this kind of faith is a strong alternative to those who find that Kierkegaard's existential faith is not a possibility.

Calculation of the magnetic field penetration depth for high-Tc cuprate superconductors based on the Interlayer Pair Tunneling model /

In this work, the magnetic field penetration depth for high-Tc cuprate superconductors is calculated using a recent Interlayer Pair Tunneling (ILPT) model proposed by Chakravarty, Sudb0, Anderson, and Strong [1] to explain high temperature superconductivity. This model involves a "hopping" of Cooper pairs between layers of the unit cell which acts to amplify the pairing mechanism within the planes themselves. Recent work has shown that this model can account reasonably well for the isotope effect and the dependence of Tc on nonmagnetic in-plane impurities [2] , as well as the Knight shift curves [3] and the presence of a magnetic peak in the neutron scattering intensity [4]. In the latter case, Yin et al. emphasize that the pair tunneling must be the dominant pairing mechanism in the high-Tc cuprates in order to capture the features found in experiments. The goal of this work is to determine whether or not the ILPT model can account for the experimental observations of the magnetic field penetration depth in YBa2Cu307_a7. Calculations are performed in the weak and strong coupling limits, and the efi"ects of both small and large strengths of interlayer pair tunneling are investigated. Furthermore, as a follow up to the penetration depth calculations, both the neutron scattering intensity and the Knight shift are calculated within the ILPT formalism. The aim is to determine if the ILPT model can yield results consistent with experiments performed for these properties. The results for all three thermodynamic properties considered are not consistent with the notion that the interlayer pair tunneling must be the dominate pairing mechanism in these high-Tc cuprate superconductors. Instead, it is found that reasonable agreement with experiments is obtained for small strengths of pair tunneling, and that large pair tunneling yields results which do not resemble those of the experiments.

Cytosolic calcium levels and stress induced y-amino butyrate synthesis in asparagus mesophyll cells

Numerous investigations have demonstrated large increases in y-amino butyrate (GABA) levels in response to a variety of stresses such as touch or cold shock (Wallace et ale 1984) Circumstantial evidence indicating a role of Ca2 + in these increases includes elevated Ca2+ levels in response to touch and cold shock (Knight et ale 1991), and the demonstration of a calmodulin binding domain on glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme responsible for GABA synthesis (Baum et al 1993) In the present study the possible role of Ca2+ and calmodulin in stimulation of GAD and subsequent GABA accumulation was examined using asparagus mesophyll cells. Images of cells loaded with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo-3 revealed a rapid and transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in response to cold shock. GABA levels increased by 106% within 15 min. of cold shock. This increase was inhibited 70% by the calmodulin antagonist W7, and 42% by the Ca2+ channel blocker La3+.. Artificial elevation of intracellular Ca2+ by the Ca2+ionophore A23187 resulted in an 61% increase in GABA levels. Stimulation of GABA synthesis by ABA resulted in an 83% increase in GABA levels which was inhibited 55% by W7. These results support the hypothesis that cold shock stimulates Ca2+ entry into the cytosol of the cells which results in Ca2+/calmodulin mediated activation of GAD and consequent GABA synthesis.

The Falls of Niagara. --

Depicted by pen and camera.

Letter - American soldier's account of battles at Chippewa, Lundy's Lane and Fort Erie, 1814

Transcript (original grammar and spelling retained): My dear wife I take this time to inform you that I am well hoping that these few lines will Reach you and find you the same I shall in form you of all our Battles that we have had sence I left home we crossed in to Canada the 2 day of July and took fort Erie on the 3 day of July without loss of one man. We then marched down to Chipway eighteen miles below the Fort Erie we got there on the forth day and had our first battle on the 5 day our loss was not jistly known But the inemy loss was double to ours. The 6 day we started with the 2 Brigade to make a bridge a crost the crick two miles a bove the fort in Building the Bridge the inemy Brought up their Canon and playd upon us with their artiliery a bout two hours We drove them from the fort our loss was none the inemy loss was nineteen ciled dead on the ground we then marched to Queenston when we got thare our inemy had fledfrom the fort we then remained thair to Queenston ten days then we marched down to Fort George But that caurdly Chaney did not a rive with the fleet so we had to return back to Queenston thare was a bout six hundred militia formed on the heights of land thay fired up on us from their pickets and retreated to the mane body our flankers ciled and wounded and took about twenty before they got to the Maine body we then marched up the hill they gave us two firs but did not damage and then retreated from the field we stayed there one knight and then marched to Chipway and stayed there one night and the next day just as the sun set the first Brigade marched up in order to give them Battle a bout two miles from the Crick and began the Battle the 2 Brigade has to March up to the Niagara path and ingaged them we charged up on their artlery and took all their Canon Miller commanded the four companys that charged....the battles lasted three hours and forty minutes our loss was about 8 hundred cild and wounded our inemies loss was a bout fourteen hundred cild and wounded the next morning we Marched up in order to give them Battle a gin but thay was afraid to ingage us we then marched to Fort Erie and went to fortiffing and made a strong place the inemy folered us up and Began to cananade and held it fifty three days thay a tacked the fort the fifteenth of august thay atacked a bout one hiour be fore day Light we saw them and Blue up our maggerzean & two hundred of our inemy our loss wasa bout forty cild and wounded and our inemy loss was a bout one thousand on the 7 Day of September we atacked them and took their batteries and Broke all their canon and drove them from the field our loss was a Bout two hundred cild and wounded our inemy loss was a Bout 8 hundred cild and wounded...we crossed in to Canada with five thousand and came out with fifteen hundred we then Marched to Sackett’s harbor....am well and harty for the present....a bout comming home it uncarting for there is not any....given this winter as yet But I shall try to Come home if I Can But if I Cant I want you should take good car of the Phiddness[?] I have not Received any Money as yet But soon as I do receive some I send some home. I want you should write to me as soon as you receive this and and how Much Stock you wintor I Received your Letter with Great pleasure I feel uneasy a bout you I am a frade that you are sick or dead this is from your husband Chase Clough