969 resultados para Inland water transportation--France
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The spatial and temporal dynamics in the stream water NO3-N concentrations in a major European river-system, the Garonne (62,700 km(2)), are described and related to variations in climate, land management, and effluent point-sources using multivariate statistics. Building on this, the Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) rainfall-runoff model and the Integrated Catchment Model of Nitrogen (INCA-N) are applied to simulate the observed flow and N dynamics. This is done to help us to understand which factors and processes control the flow and N dynamics in different climate zones and to assess the relative inputs from diffuse and point sources across the catchment. This is the first application of the linked HBV and INCA-N models to a major European river system commensurate with the largest basins to be managed tinder the Water Framework Directive. The simulations suggest that in the lowlands, seasonal patterns in the stream water NO3-N concentrations emerge and are dominated by diffuse agricultural inputs, with an estimated 75% of the river load in the lowlands derived from arable farming. The results confirm earlier European catchment studies. Namely, current semi-distrubuted catchment-scale dynamic models, which integrate variations in land cover, climate, and a simple representation of the terrestrial and in-stream N cycle, are able to simulate seasonal NO3-N patterns at large spatial (> 300 km(2)) and temporal (>= monthly) scales using available national datasets.
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Includes bibliography
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The determination of stable isotope contents of pore-water from consolidated argillaceous rocks remains a critical issue. In order to understand the processes involved in techniques developed for acquiring stable isotope compositions of pore-water, a comparative study between different methods was based on core samples of the Tournemire argillite. It concerns two water extraction techniques based on vacuum distillation and two pore-water equilibration techniques (radial diffusion in liquid phase and diffusive exchange in vapor phase). The water-content values obtained from vacuum distillation at 50 °C are always the lowest, on average 8% lower than the values obtained by heating at 105 °C and 17% lower than the values obtained by heating at 150 °C. The amounts of pore-water estimated from vacuum distillation at 105 °C and 150 °C and from radial diffusion method are in good agreement with those determined by heating. On the contrary, the vapor exchange method provides the highest values of water contents. Concerning stable isotope data, a good agreement was found between those obtained by equilibration techniques and those of fracture water, especially for 2H. Vacuum distillation at high temperature (particularly at 150 °C) also provided results consistent with data of fracture fluids. On the other hand, distillation at 50 °C provides a systematic depletion in heavy isotopes (about –20‰ for 2H and –2.7‰ for 18O) that can be modelled by an incomplete Rayleigh-type distillation process.
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This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de la ville d'Orleans : comme il est aujourd'huy, où sont representées en elevation les églises, palais et autres edifices. It was published by Chez le Sr. Iselin, au bas du Pont au Change between 1680 and 1715. Scale [ca. 1:4,625]. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 31N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortifications, ground cover, and more. Selected features shown pictorially. Includes also a brief history of the city.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.
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This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Nouveau plan géométral de la ville de Lyon : avec ses projets d'agrandissement & d'émbelissement divisé par arrondissements par Mr. Laurent Dignoseyo [sic] ing[r].; deposé [a] la Direction Général; Decomberousse & [Pères?] sc[t].; Preter sculp[t]. It was published by Vegezzy in 1822. Scale [ca. 1:6,600]. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 31N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, boundaries, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes inset map: Les Environs de Lyon d'apres Cassini. Chez Vegezzy, M[d] d'Estampes.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.
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This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de la ville de Brest ; Carte de la rade et du port de Brest, par ... P.L. Bermont, ingenieur. It was published by chez Lattré, graveur ordinaire du Roi, rue St. Jacques la porte cochère vis à vis la rue de la Parcheminerie in 1779. Scale [ca. 1:7,219]. Covers a portion of Brest, France. Map in French.Note: Two maps appear on this sheet. The larger scale map of Brest is the portion of the image that has been georeferenced.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 30N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortifications, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by soundings. Includes also a brief description of Brest.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.
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This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Caen à vol d'oiseau, plan dessiné et lithé par Arse. Le Cointe. It was published by Alfred Bouchard ca. 1870. Scale [ca. 1:5,900]. Covers the Caen region, France. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 30N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortifications, ground cover, canals, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Includes also inset of Beaulieu.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.
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This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan en profil van Duynkerken : met sijn sterktens en zee-kasteelen, belegert te water, engebombardeert door de Engelse en Hollantse zee-magten, onder de Engelse admiraal Berkly en Hollantse admiraal Alemonde, op den Augustus, 1695, doen maken en uytgeven na de autentijke tekeninge van Monsieur Pamer, Ingenieur van Sijn Kon. Majest. van Groot Brittannien. It was published by Pieter Persoy, op den Dam in 1695. Scale [ca. 1:13,000]. Covers a portion of Dunkerque, France. Map in Dutch. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 31N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortifications and defenses, canals, docks, ground cover, and more. Includes also index and panorama view.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.
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This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de la ville & du Port du Havre. It was published by Eug. Costey, éditeur ca. 1880. Scale [ca. 1:16,400]. Covers Le Havre region, Haute-Normandie, France. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 31N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, selected buildings, parks, cemeteries, ground cover, city districts, fortification, canals, wharves, docks, and more.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.
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This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de la ville et citadelle de Lille, P. v. Call fecit. It was published by chez Anna Beek ca. 1709. Scale [ca. 1:9,281]. Covers Citadelle de Lille and a portion of Lille, France. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 31N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortifications, defenses, and lines of fire, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes also index.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.
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This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan von der Stadt und Vestung Toulon nebst der umliegender Gegend, entworfen von D.F. Sotzmann ; gestochen von H. Kliewer. It was published by Simon Schropp et Comp. in 1793. Scale [ca. 1:45,859]. Covers the Toulon region, France. Map in German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 31N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, administrative boundaries, fortification shoreline features, and more. Relief shown pictorially and by hachures.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.