Biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces patterned with wettable spots as implantable chips for in vivo high-content 3D biomaterials response assessment

"Tissue engineering: part A", vol. 21, suppl. 1 (2015)

Micro/nano-structured superhydrophobic surfaces in the biomedical field: part I: basic concepts and biomimetic approaches.

Inspired by natural structures, great attention has been devoted to the study and development of surfaces with extreme wettable properties. The meticulous study of natural systems revealed that the micro/nano-topography of the surface is critical to obtaining unique wettability features, including superhydrophobicity. However, the surface chemistry also has an important role in such surface characteristics. As the interaction of biomaterials with the biological milieu occurs at the surface of the materials, it is expected that synthetic substrates with extreme and controllable wettability ranging from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic regimes could bring about the possibility of new investigations of cellâ material interactions on nonconventional surfaces and the development of alternative devices with biomedical utility. This first part of the review will describe in detail how proteins and cells interact with micro/nano-structured surfaces exhibiting extreme wettabilities.

Superhydrophobic surfaces as a tool for the fabrication of hierarchical spherical polymeric carriers

Hierarchical polymeric carriers with high encapsulation efficiencies are fabricated via a biocompatible strategy developed using superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces. The carries are obtained by the incorporation of cell/BSA-loaded dextran-methacrylate (DEXT-MA) microparticles into alginate (ALG) macroscopic beads. Engineered devices like these are expected to boost the development of innovative and customizable systems for biomedical and biotechnological purposes.

Diseño y desarrollo de superficies modificadas. Aplicaciones ambientales, biomédicas y farmacéuticas. Design and development of modified surfaces. Environmental, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

El objetivo general de este proyecto de investigación es diseñar, desarrollar y optimizar superficies con propiedades especificas para ser utilizadas como sensores y biosensores, materiales biocompatibles, columnas para separaciones por electroforesis capilar, matrices para la liberación controlada de fármacos y sorbentes para remediación ambiental. Para concretar este objetivo, se propone específicamente modificar superficies o particulas apuntando a optimizar un sistema concreto relevante en aplicaciones farmaceuticas, ambientales o biomedicas: 1. Modificacion de arcillas naturales o sinteticas para desarrollar matrices portadoras de farmacos o sorbentes para remediacion ambiental:1.1 Estudiar ilitas modificadas con Fe(III) para maximizar las propiedades adsortivas frente a aniones contaminantes como arsenico. 1.2 Sintetizar LDH de Al y Mg modificados con compuestos de interés farmacéutico para diseñar sistemas de liberación controlada.2. Modificación de canales de chips y electrodos para optimizar la separación, detección y cuantificación de compuestos farmacéutico: 2.1 Diseñar y construir microchips para la separación por EC de compuestos de base fenólica.2.2 Evaluar polímeros que mejoren la respuesta y/o estabilidad de electrodos de Carbono para ser usados como detectores amperométrico de compuestos de base fenólica en sistemas FIA y miniaturizados de análisis integrados.3. Modificación de superficies sólidas con biomoléculas para el desarrollo y optimización de superficies de bio-reconocimiento:3.1 Evaluar el comportamiento de superficies de titanio modificadas con TiO2 y depósitos inorgánicos frente a la interacción con proteínas plasmáticas (PP) para el análisis de la biocompatibilidad superficial.3.2 Diseñar y desarrollar superficies biofuncionales para el reconocimiento especifico de D-aminoácidos, anticuerpos en pacientes chagásicos y simple hebra de ADN. Las técnicas que se emplearán para llevar a cabo el proyecto dependen del tipo de sistema de estudio. En particular los estudios correspondientes al objetivo 1 se realizarán mediante análisis químicos, térmico, DXR, SEM, IR, BET así como mediante titulaciones ácido-base potenciométricas, movilidades electroforéticas, cinética e isotermas de adsorción.En general para desarrollar el objetivo 2 se utilizarán técnicas electroquímicas clásicas para la caracterización de los electrodos, los que luego se utilizarán como detectores en un sistema FIA amperométrico, mientras que los microchips se emplearán en electroforesis capilar para la separación de diferentes compuestos de interés farmacéutico.Finalmente, el objetivo 3 se llevará a cabo por un lado modificando electrodos de titanio con distintos depósitos (electroquímicas, sol-gel, térmicas) de TiO2 e hidroxiapatita y evaluando la interacción con proteínas plasmáticas para analizar la biocompatibilidad de los materiales preparados. Por otro lado, se estudiará el proceso de adsorción-desorción de D-aminoácido oxidasa, antígenos del T. Cruzi y ADN de simple hebra para optmizar la capacidad de bio-reconocimiento superficial de D-aminoácidos, anticuerpos de chagásicos y de cadena complementaria de ADN. Para concretar este objetivo se utilizarán técnicas electroquímicas, espectroscópicas y microscopias.Debido al carácter multidisciplinario del presente proyecto de investigación, su ejecución se llevara a cabo a través de la colaboración de investigadores pertenecientes a distintas áreas de la Química y permitirá continuar con la formación de recursos humanos mediante la realización de tesis doctorales y estadías postdoctorales.

On boundary value problems for Willmore surfaces and Hartree-Fock theory of pseudo-relativistic atoms

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Mathematik, kumulative Habil.-Schr., 2011

On an upper bound for the arithmetic self-intersection number of the dualizing sheaf on arithmetic surfaces

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Intersection Pairing and intersection motive of surfaces

We construct the Chow motive modelling intersection co-homology of a proper surface. We then study its functoriality properties. Using Murre's decompositions of the motive of a desingularization into KÄunneth components [Mr1], we show that such decompositions exist also for the intersection motive.

Pure motives, mixed motives and extensions of motives associated to singular surfaces

We first recall the construction of the Chow motive modelling intersection cohomology of a proper surface X and study its fundamental properties. Using Voevodsky's category of effective geometrical motives, we then study the motive of the exceptional divisor D in a non-singular blow-up of X. If all geometric irreducible components of D are of genus zero, then Voevodsky's formalism allows us to construct certain one-extensions of Chow motives, as canonical subquotients of the motive with compact support of the smooth part of X. Specializing to Hilbert-Blumenthal surfaces, we recover a motivic interpretation of a recent construction of A. Caspar.

Random graphs on surfaces

Counting labelled planar graphs, and typical properties of random labelled planar graphs, have received much attention recently. We start the process here of extending these investigations to graphs embeddable on any fixed surface S. In particular we show that the labelled graphs embeddable on S have the same growth constant as for planar graphs, and the same holds for unlabelled graphs. Also, if we pick a graph uniformly at random from the graphs embeddable on S which have vertex set {1, . . . , n}, then with probability tending to 1 as n → ∞, this random graph either is connected or consists of one giant component together with a few nodes in small planar components.

A simple method for assessing the binding of concanavalin A to mononuclear cell surfaces: no interference of visceral leishmaniasis serum on this binding

We report a simple method for evaluating the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The binding is evidenced by an immunoenzymic assay using peroxidase-conjugated immunoglobulins of a rabbit anti-ConA serum. Using the method we show that sera from patients with American leishmaniasis do not interfere with binding of ConA to PBMC.

Role of secretory immunoglobulin A and secretory component in the protection of mucosal surfaces.

The contribution of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies in the defense of mucosal epithelia plays an important role in preventing pathogen adhesion to host cells, therefore blocking dissemination and further infection. This mechanism, referred to as immune exclusion, represents the dominant mode of action of the antibody. However, SIgA antibodies combine multiple facets, which together confer properties extending from intracellular and serosal neutralization of antigens, activation of non-inflammatory pathways and homeostatic control of the endogenous microbiota. The sum of these features suggests that future opportunities for translational application from research-based knowledge to clinics include the mucosal delivery of bioactive antibodies capable of preserving immunoreactivity in the lung, gastrointestinal tract, the genito-urinary tract for the treatment of infections. This article covers topics dealing with the structure of SIgA, the dissection of its mode of action in epithelia lining different mucosal surfaces and its potential in immunotherapy against infectious pathogens.

Diagnostic et traitement des infections d'implants orthopédiques [Update on implant related infections in orthopaedic surgery. Diagnosis and treatment]

Infections associated with implants are increasingly important in modem medicine. Biofilms are the cause that these infections are more difficult to diagnose and to cure. Particularly low-grade infections are difficult to distinguish from aseptic failure, because they often present with early loosening and persisting pain. For an accurate diagnosis, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory markers of infection, microbiology, histology and imaging examinations are needed. The treatment goal is eradication of infection and an optimal functional result. Successful treatment requires adequate surgical procedure combined with long-term antimicrobial therapy, ideally with an agent acting on biofilms.

A computational and geometric approach to phase resetting curves and surfaces

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Characterisation of microbial communities colonising the hyphal surfaces of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic soil fungi that are intimately associated with the roots of the majority of land plants. They colonise the interior of the roots and the hyphae extend into the soil. It is well known that bacterial colonisation of the rhizosphere can be crucial for many pathogenic as well as symbiotic plant-microbe interactions. However, although bacteria colonising the extraradical AMF hyphae (the hyphosphere) might be equally important for AMF symbiosis, little is known regarding which bacterial species would colonise AMF hyphae. In this study, we investigated which bacterial communities might be associated with AMF hyphae. As bacterial-hyphal attachment is extremely difficult to study in situ, we designed a system to grow AMF hyphae of Glomus intraradices and Glomus proliferum and studied which bacteria separated from an agricultural soil specifically attach to the hyphae. Characterisation of attached and non-attached bacterial communities was performed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and clone library sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene fragments. For all experiments, the composition of hyphal attached bacterial communities was different from the non-attached communities, and was also different from bacterial communities that had attached to glass wool (a non-living substratum). Analysis of amplified 16S rRNA genes indicated that in particular bacteria from the family of Oxalobacteraceae were highly abundant on AMF hyphae, suggesting that they may have developed specific interactions with the fungi.