Estudo dos processos de dijatos exclusivos a √s = 7 TeV no CMS/LHC

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a produção de dijatos exclusivos em interações pp, do tipo pp → p "+" dijatos "+" p, onde os prótons desta interação permanecem intactos, e o símbolo "+" indica uma lacuna na pseudorapidez, uma região com ausência de atividade hadrônica entre os prótons espalhados e o sistema central de dijatos; este processo é conhecido como produção central exclusiva. A análise utiliza uma amostra de dados que corresponde a uma luminosidade efetiva de 24;48 pb-1 coletados pelo experimento Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) no Large Hadron Collider (LHC), no ano de 2010, com energia de centro de massa √s = 7 TeV. Este canal possui uma assinatura experimental única, caracterizada pelos prótons espalhados na região frontal, ou a baixos ângulos e duas grandes lacunas opostas. O processo da produção central exclusiva é útil para o entendimento das interações no contexto da QCD.

NMFS Cooperative SharkTagging Program, 1962-93: An Atlas of SharkTag and Recapture Data

The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Cooperative Shark Tagging Program (CSTP) is part of continuing research directed to the study of the biology of large Atlantic sharks. The CSTP was initiated in 1962 at the Sandy Hook Laboratory in New Jersey under the Department of Interior's U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). During the late 1950's and early 1960's, sharks were considered a liability to the economy of resort communities, of little or no commercial value, and a detriment to fishermen in areas where sharks might damage expensive fishing gear or reduce catches of more commercially valuable species.

Criação de um atlas pedagógico do Município do Rio de Janeiro, dentro da arquitetura do sistema brasileiro de televisão digital terrestre.

Esta dissertação visa levantar as possibilidades de uso da Geomática no ambiente de interatividade do Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital Terrestre (SBTVD), definido pelo Decreto Presidencial 5.820, de 29 de Junho de 2006. O produto desta dissertação compreende a implementação de um Atlas, que terá como seu maior objetivo, o auxílio ao processo pedagógico e de Educação à distância (EAD), democratizando o conhecimento da Cartografia. A metodologia de desenvolvimento terá como base o estudo do município do Rio de Janeiro e como público alvo, professores e jovens de 8 a 12 anos de idade. Entretanto, poderá ser facilmente adaptado para outras regiões e diferentes níveis educacionais. No estudo foram utilizados os fundamentos da Geomática, com suas origens estruturais baseadas em uma natureza multidisciplinar, que é ponto de convergência da Informática, de Geografia, do Planejamento Urbano, das Engenharias, das Estatísticas e das Ciências do Ambiente, focadas em fases de produção definidas e divididas em: Coleta, Análise, Distribuição e Uso. Nesse contexto estudaremos como a Cartografia e o SBTVD terrestre vão se incorporar tecnologicamente na distribuição desses dados.

An atlas of reproductive development in rockfishes, genus Sebastes

The genus Sebastes consists of over 100 fish species, all of which are viviparous and long-lived. Previous studies have presented schemes on the reproductive biology of a single targeted species of the genus Sebastes, but all appear to possess a similar reproductive biology as evidenced by this and other studies. This atlas stages major events during spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and embryogenesis, including atresia, in six species of Sebastes (S. alutus, S. elongatus, S. helvomaculatus, S. polyspinis, S. proriger, and S. zacentrus). Our study suggests that the male reproductive cycle of Sebastes is characterized by 11 phases of testicular development, with 10 stages of sperm development and 1 stage of spermatozoa atresia. Ovarian development was divided into 12 phases, with 10 stages of oocyte development, 1 stage of embryonic development, and 1 stage of oocyte atresia. Embryonic development up to parturition was divided into 33 stages following the research of Yamada and Kusakari (1991). Reproductive development of all six species examined followed the developmental classifications listed above which may apply to all species of Sebastes regardless of the number of broods produced annually. Multiple brooders vary in that not all ova are fertilized and progress to embryos; a proportion of ova are arrested at the pre-vitellogenic stage. Reproductive stage examples shown in this atlas use S. elongates for spermatic development, S. proriger for oocyte development, and S. alutus for embryological development, because opportunistic sampling only permitted complete analysis of each respective developmental phase for those species. The results of this study and the proposed reproductive phases complement the recommended scheme submitted by Brown-Peterson et al. (2011), who call for a standardization of terminology for describing reproductive development of fishes.

Atlas of the shallow-water benthic habitats of Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands

Digital maps of the shallow (<~30m deep) coral reef ecosystems of Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, were created through visual interpretation of remote sensing imagery acquired between 2004 and 2006. Reef ecosystem features were digitized directly into a Geographic Information System. Benthic features were categorized according to a classification scheme with attributes including zone (location such as lagoon or forereef, etc.), structure (bottom type such as sand or patch reef, etc.) and percent hard bottom. This atlas consists of 27 detailed maps displaying reef zone and structure of coral ecosystems around Majuro. Adjacent maps in the atlas overlap slightly to ensure complete coverage. Maps and associated products can be used to support science and management activities on Majuro reef ecosystems including inventory, monitoring, conservation, and sustainable development applications. Maps are not to be used for navigation.

Atlas of the shallow-water benthic habitats of American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) initiated a coral reef research program in 1999 to map, assess, inventory, and monitor U.S. coral reef ecosystems (Monaco et al. 2001). These activities were implemented in response to requirements outlined in the Mapping Implementation Plan developed by the Mapping and Information Synthesis Working Group (MISWG) of the Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) (MISWG 1999). As part of the MISWG of the CRTF, NOS' Biogeography Branch has been charged with the development and implementation of a plan to produce comprehensive digital coral-reef ecosystem maps for all U.S. States, Territories, and Commonwealths within five to seven years. Joint activities between Federal agencies are particularly important to map, research, monitor, manage, and restore coral reef ecosystems. In response to the Executive Order 13089 and the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, NOS is conducting research to digitally map biotic resources and coordinate a long-term monitoring program that can detect and predict change in U.S. coral reefs, and their associated habitats and biological communities. Most U.S. coral reef resources have not been digitally mapped at a scale or resolution sufficient for assessment, monitoring, and/or research to support resource management. Thus, a large portion of NOS' coral reef research activities has focused on mapping of U.S. coral reef ecosystems. The map products will provide the fundamental spatial organizing framework to implement and integrate research programs and provide the capability to effectively communicate information and results to coral reef ecosystem managers. Although the NOS coral program is relatively young, it has had tremendous success in advancing towards the goal to protect, conserve, and enhance the health of U.S. coral reef ecosystems. One objective of the program was to create benthic habitat maps to support coral reef research to enable development of products that support management needs and questions. Therefore this product was developed in collaboration with many U.S. Pacific Territory partners. An initial step in producing benthic habitat maps was the development of a habitat classification scheme. The purpose of this document is to outline the benthic habitat classification scheme and protocols used to map American Samoa, Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Thirty-two distinct benthic habitat types (i.e., four major and 14 detailed geomorphological structure classes; eight major and 18 detailed biological cover types) within eleven zones were mapped directly into a geographic information system (GIS) using visual interpretation of orthorectified IKONOS satellite imagery. Benthic features were mapped that covered an area of 263 square kilometers. In all, 281 square kilometers of unconsolidated sediment, 122 square kilometers of submerged vegetation, and 82.3 square kilometers of coral reef and colonized hardbottom were mapped.

假根羽藻不同聚集态捕光色素蛋白复合物（LHC II）的纯化与功能分析

应用温和、非变性的液相色谱层析技术以及蔗糖密度梯度分级分离技术，从假根羽藻类囊体膜直接分离、纯化出5种不同聚集态的光系统II捕光色素蛋白复合物(LHC II)，即LHC II单体、同质三聚体、异质三聚体、寡聚体l和寡聚体2。这种分离、纯化LHC II的方法与传统的等电聚焦(IEF)电泳分离方法相比，具有蛋白质提取条件温和，纯化的蛋白质样品纯度高且数量大等优点，为进一步研究LHC II分子的晶体结构和功能创造了有利的条件。 SDS-PAGE电泳分析和MALDI-TOF质谱分析结果表明，纯化得到的LHC II单体和同质三聚体都具有一种分子量为24.3 kDa的脱辅基蛋白质，而异质三聚体和两种寡聚体除含有这个脱辅基蛋白外，还含有另一种分子量为23 kDa的脱辅基蛋白。 采用室温吸收光谱、低温荧光光谱及园二色(CD)光谱技术对LHC II单体、同质三聚体、异质三聚体、寡聚体l和寡聚体2内的叶绿素组成以及叶绿索之间的能量传递特性进行分析研究表明，在同一条组成LHC II的脱辅基蛋白多肽链上结合着Chl a二聚体，二聚体内的两个Chl a分子之间存在偶极子相互作用。在这5种LHC II亚复合物中均具有Chl a-Chl a相Chl biChl a→ Chl a能量传递途径，其中同质三聚体表现出最高的能量传递效率，而寡聚体的传能效率大大低于单体和三聚体，同时出现Chl a的淬灭现象。当LHC II脱辅基蛋白质高度聚集形成寡聚体时，其蛋白质上结合的Chlb大量减少，引起这两种寡聚体吸能和传能能力的急剧下降。 LHC II单体、同质三聚体、异质三聚体、寡聚体1和寡聚体2的二级结构数据表明，自由堆积的脱辅基蛋白的二级结构以8．折叠构象为主，当LHC II蛋白质有序聚集形成三聚体时，可能每条蛋白质多肽链上的叶绿素结合区域形成两个跨膜a-螺旋，对称排列在脂双层膜内，而非叶绿素结合区则形成一条跨膜a-螺旋。当LHC II蛋白质高度聚集形成寡聚体 时，LHC II蛋白质的二级结构似乎对其上结合着的叶绿素的影响不大，而LHC II寡聚体内蛋白质的高密度聚集引起的更高级的蛋白质相互之间的空间结构可能对叶绿素的影响起主要作用，特别是破坏Chlb结合位点。 依据上述的实验结果推测在类囊体膜内，LHC II可能通过其脱辅基蛋白聚集形式的转换，调控其光能吸收和激发能传递的过程和效率。

Report of the MPA Atlas and the interactive online database portal of the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem

This report describes the process and details of developing an interactive online database portal for the BOBLME region.The MPA (Marine Protected Area) Atlas website, created by WorldFish was designed to provide public access to the latest information relevant to marine scientists, managers and conservationists. The main features include; BOBLME MPA database;interactive geospatial maps;and information about important habitats such as coral reefs,BOBLME boundaries and bathymetry.

A high-resolution atlas and statistical model of the human heart from multislice CT

Atlases and statistical models play important roles in the personalization and simulation of cardiac physiology. For the study of the heart, however, the construction of comprehensive atlases and spatio-temporal models is faced with a number of challenges, in particular the need to handle large and highly variable image datasets, the multi-region nature of the heart, and the presence of complex as well as small cardiovascular structures. In this paper, we present a detailed atlas and spatio-temporal statistical model of the human heart based on a large population of 3D+time multi-slice computed tomography sequences, and the framework for its construction. It uses spatial normalization based on nonrigid image registration to synthesize a population mean image and establish the spatial relationships between the mean and the subjects in the population. Temporal image registration is then applied to resolve each subject-specific cardiac motion and the resulting transformations are used to warp a surface mesh representation of the atlas to fit the images of the remaining cardiac phases in each subject. Subsequently, we demonstrate the construction of a spatio-temporal statistical model of shape such that the inter-subject and dynamic sources of variation are suitably separated. The framework is applied to a 3D+time data set of 138 subjects. The data is drawn from a variety of pathologies, which benefits its generalization to new subjects and physiological studies. The obtained level of detail and the extendability of the atlas present an advantage over most cardiac models published previously. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

A TOF-PET prototype with position sensitive PMT readout

A prototype of time-of-flight positron emission computed tomography (TOF-PET) has been developed for acquiring the coincident detection of 511 keV gamma-rays produced from positron annihilation. It consists of two 80.5 mmx80.5 mm LYSO scintillator arrays (composed of 35 x35 pixel finger crystals) with the position sensitive photomultiplier tubes R2487 as the readout. Each array is composed of 2 mm x2 mm x 15 mm finger crystals and the average pixel pitch is 2.30 mm. The measured results indicate that the TOF information has the potential to significantly enhance the image quality by improving the noise variance in the image reconstruction. The best spatial resolution (FWHM) of the prototype for the pairs of 511 keV gamma-rays is 1.98 mm and 2.16 mm in the x and y directions, respectively, which are smaller than the average pixel pitch of 2.30 mm.

Research and compilation of the Geomorphologic Atlas of the People's Republic of China (1:1,000,000)

National Natural Science Foundation of China [40871177, 40830529]