Miocene molluscan biostratigraphy in Schleswig-Holstein, north Germany

Vierlandian, Behrendorfian (Lower Hemmoorian), Oxlundian (Upper Hemmoorian), Lower and Upper Reinbekian, Langenfeldian and Gramian stages could be proved by evaluation of marine molluscan faunas. The diachrone base of 'Braunkohlensande' is demonstrated by underlying Vierlandian mica clay in the E, and by Hemmoorian substages more to the W, at last the fluviatile facies is replaced completely by euhaline to brachyhaline sandy to silty sediments. Brachyhaline effects in adjacent environments make possible an approximate dating on fluviatile sedimentation. The widest extension of 'Braunkohlensand' is during upper Oxlundian, whilst slightly brachyhaline Katzheide beds, defined in this paper to be of Lower Reinbekian age, indicate a limit of 'Braunkohlensande' more to the E. Winnert-fauna was found to be a mixture of Oxlundian and Langenfeldian; the overlying lignitic sands belong to the Kaolinsand group. Upper mica clay overlying Miocene Braunkohlensande can be divided into beds of Upper Reinbekian, Langenfeldian and Gramian ages.

Radiolarians of the Celebes Sea

Two sites were drilled in the Celebes Sea as part of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 124; Site 767 and Site 770. Radiolarians are preserved in Paleogene pelagic claystones with minor occurrences in certain Neogene successions. The brown clays that immediately overlie basalt at both sites contain radiolarians of the late middle Eocene Podocyrtis chalara Zone. Late Eocene radiolarians are not found, due to dissolution and probable hiatus. The Oligocene is represented by the Theocyrtis tuberosa and Dorcadospyris ateuchus Zones. Oligocene sediments are strongly dominated by abundant and diverse radiolarians of the TristylospyrislDorcadospyris lineage. Preservation of Paleogene radiolarian assemblages ranges from good to very poor. Late Miocene radiolarians of the Didymocyrtis antepenultima Zone are found only in Site 770. Other Neogene sediments are barren of radiolarian remains, with the exception of latest Pleistocene and Holocene sediments.

Pollen record and dating of a sediment profile from Lake Voulkaria, Greece

A palynological investigation of a Holocene profile from Lake Voulkaria, western Greece, was carried out as a contribution to the environmental history of the coastal area of northwestern Acarnania and the Classical city of Palairos. It shows that deciduous oaks dominated the natural vegetation of the area throughout the Holocene. Until ca. 7000 B.C. Pistacia occurred abundantly, while other evergreen woody taxa were rare. At ca. 6300 B.C. an expansion of Carpinus orientalis/Ostrya can be observed. Around ca. 5300 B.C. spreading of Erica indicates a change to a drier climate and/or first human impact. Since ca. 3500 B.C. an increase of evergreen shrubs now clearly indicates land-use. The foundation of the Classical city of Palairos led to a temporary expansion of Phillyrea maquis. Within this period, molluscs of brackish water indicate the use of the lake as a harbour after the construction of a connection to the sea. The deciduous Quercus woodland recovered when human impact decreased in the area, and lasted until modern times.