995 resultados para Educação Rio de Janeiro
Resumo:
Cats, as definitive host, play an important role in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii. This study aimed to establish the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii immunoglobulins G and M, and determine the frequency of oocysts in the feces of the domestic cat population in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We also aimed to study the association between T. gondii infection and age, sex, breed, lifestyle, diet and retroviral infection. A total of 108 cats were included in the study and fecal samples of 54 of those cats were obtained. Only 5.6% of the cats were seropositive for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulins using the indirect hemagglutination test. None of the 54 cats presented oocysts in their fecal samples. Although not statistically significant, males, mixed-breed, free-roaming and cats aged two years and older were found to be more exposed. Age, lifestyle and the use of litter boxes were found to play an important role as risk factors. Anemia and retroviral infections were independent of T. gondii infection. No antibodies were detected in the majority of cats (94.4%), indicating that those cats had never been exposed to the parasite and, therefore, once infected, they could present the risk of shedding large numbers of oocysts into the environment.
Resumo:
Visceral Leishmaniasis has been showing remarkable epidemiological changes in recent decades, with marked expansion and an emergence of cases in urban areas of the North, Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil. The Kala-azar cases reported here, despite being very characteristic, presented a great difficulty of diagnosis, because the disease is not endemic in Volta Redonda. The child underwent two hospitalizations in different hospitals, but got the correct diagnosis only after 11 months of symptom onset. In this report we discuss the main differential diagnoses and call attention to the suspected symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis in patients with prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia, even in areas not traditionally endemic for the disease.
Resumo:
Bartonella henselae is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including cat scratch disease, endocarditis and meningoencephalitis, in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. We report the first molecularly confirmed case of B. henselae infection in an AIDS patient in state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Although DNA sequence of B. henselae has been detected by polymerase chain reaction in a lymph node biopsy, acute and convalescent sera were nonreactive.
Resumo:
The present study conducted a toxoplasmosis-related knowledge level survey with 400 pregnant and puerperal women attended in public health units in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. Only 111 (27.8%) women claimed to know about the disease. Most of them (n = 289; 72.2%) had never heard about toxoplasmosis nor knew how to prevent the infection by Toxoplasma gondii. A significant difference (p = 0.013) regarding the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG was observed between women who claimed to know about the disease and those who had never heard about it. These results highlight the importance of a systematic serological screening process for toxoplasmosis, as well as the importance of primary prevention by accurate information during prenatal care, an important Public Health action to be implemented.
Resumo:
The nematode Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) is a zoonotic helminth found mainly infecting rats. It was studied the prevalence of C. hepaticum infection in Rattus norvegicus in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), with low urban planning and sanitation. The presence of C. hepaticum was identified through visible yellowish-white lesions in liver tissue and histological analyses. The total prevalence of infection was 45%, with no significant differences between sex and age. The presence of infected rodents near the peridomestic area poses substantial risk to human health.
Resumo:
SUMMARY American visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonosis in expansion in Brazil. Dogs are the main urban reservoir. Departing from a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Jacaré, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, an epidemiological canine and entomological study was performed to assess the extension of the disease at the location. Sample was collected around the case and the dogs identified by serological tests (rapid double platform immunochromatographic exams, immunoenzymatic assay/ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence/IFAT). The parasitological diagnosis was performed in animals positive in at least one of these tests. The entomological study was carried out by using light traps and manual collection. The associations between canine variables and outcome (ELISA and IFAT reagents) were assessed by the chi-square test and adjusted by multivariate logistic regression for those associations with p < 0.1 in the bivariate analysis. Seventeen cases of CVL were detected among 110 evaluated dogs (prevalence of 15.5%). Presence of ectoparasites (OR 6.5; 95% CI 1.1-37.4), animals with clinical signs (OR 9.5; 95% CI 1.2-76.6), and previous cases of CVL in the same house (OR 17.9; 95% CI 2.2-147.1) were associated with the outcome. Lutzomyia longipalpiswas not detected. Our results are indicative of an ongoing transmission in the area.
Resumo:
SUMMARY Chagas disease (CD) is an endemic anthropozoonosis from Latin America of which the main means of transmission is the contact of skin lesions or mucosa with the feces of triatomine bugs infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. In this article, we describe the first acute CD case acquired by vector transmission in the Rio de Janeiro State and confirmed by parasitological, serological and PCR tests. The patient presented acute cardiomyopathy and pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade. Together with fever and malaise, a 3 cm wide erythematous, non-pruritic, papule compatible with a "chagoma" was found on his left wrist. This case report draws attention to the possible transmission of CD by non-domiciled native vectors in non-endemic areas. Therefore, acute CD should be included in the diagnostic workout of febrile diseases and acute myopericarditis in Rio de Janeiro.
Resumo:
SUMMARY Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease that affects humans, and domestic and wild animals. It is caused by the protozoan Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (syn = Leishmania chagasi). The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is considered the main reservoir of the etiologic agent of VL in domestic and peridomestic environments. In the past three years, although control actions involving domestic dogs are routinely performed in endemic areas of the Rio de Janeiro State, new cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) have been reported in several municipalities. The objective of this short communication was to describe the geographical expansion of CVL in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, through its reports in the scientific literature and studies performed by our group. From 2010 to 2013, autochthonous and allochthonous cases of CVL were reported in the municipalities of Mangaratiba, Marica, Niteroi, Barra Mansa, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Volta Redonda, Resende and Rio de Janeiro. These reports demonstrate that CVL is in intense geographical expansion around the state; therefore, a joint effort by public agencies, veterinarians and researchers is needed in order to minimize and/or even prevent the dispersion of this disease.
Resumo:
SUMMARY American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, and transmitted by sandflies. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, almost all of the cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) are caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, while cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. The resurgence of autochthonous VL cases in Rio de Janeiro is related to the geographic expansion of the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis and its ability to adapt to urban areas. We report the first case of leishmaniasis with exclusively cutaneous manifestations caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro. An eighty-one-year-old woman presented three pleomorphic skin lesions that were not associated with systemic symptoms or visceromegalies. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis identified L. (L.) infantum chagasi, but direct smear and PCR of bone narrow were negative for Leishmania sp. (suggesting exclusively cutaneous involvement). We discuss the different dermatological presentations of viscerotropic leishmaniasis of the New and Old World, and the clinical and epidemiological importance of the case. Etiologic diagnosis of ATL based upon exclusive clinical criteria may lead to incorrect conclusions. We should be aware of the constant changes in epidemiological patterns related to leishmaniases.
Resumo:
Os autores fazem uma revisão sumária dos primeiros trabalhos sôbre psitacose e de sua conceituação etiológica em face da evolução dos conhecimentos sôbre o assunto. Citam os 5 casos da doença descritos no Brasil e apresentam um nôvo caso observado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em paciente com quadro clÃnico inicial semelhante ao da febre tifóide. Finalmente analisam a evolução clÃnica, radiológica e sorológica do caso, que os levou ao presente diagnóstico.
Resumo:
Estudando uma microepidemia de peste ocorrida recentemente na localidade denominada Barracão dos Mendes, no municÃpio de Nova Friburgo, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, na qual das 8 pessoas acometidas pela doença 2 vieram a falecer, os autores analisam, à luz dos conhecimentos atuais, o problema da persistência dos chamados "focos inveterados" de peste no Brasil, entre os quais situa-se uma área limitada no municÃpio fluminense de Teresópolis com a ocorrência de pequenos surtos em 1941, 1952, 1960 e o atual em abril/maio de 1967, na fronteira de Nova Friburgo com aquele municÃpio. Após uma introdução em que fazem um esbôço histórico da penetração da peste no continente sul-americano, de acôrdo com conhecimentos vigentes, relembram a invasão das cidades litorâneas brasileiras pela doença, que depois veio a fixar-se no interior do PaÃs, onde se mantem em focos de resistência, com surtos de evolução cÃclica. Em seguida estudam minuciosamente do ponto de vista clÃnico e laboratorial os 6 pacientes sobreviventes da recente micro-epidemia, discutindo a situação atual e as perspectivas futuras de pesquisa e controle dos focos residuais da doença no Brasil. Finalmente, dando especial ênfase ao problema da persistência, limitação geográpca e aparente autonomia dos diversos focos de peste no Brasil, consideram-nos perfeitamente dentro da concepção dos "focos naturais circunscritos" de Pavlovsky. Entretanto, acreditam os autores que na dependência de condições ecológicas peculiares e de "estÃmulos" que regulam a movimentação e interrelações das diversas espécies da fauna componente da biocenose regional. possa haver "irradiação adaptativa", com localização dêsses focos em áreas vizinhas e ocorrência de surtos "salpicados" da doença, aparentemente independentes, porém mantendo-se sempre dentro da mesma área fisiográfica.
Resumo:
Os autores referem. os resultados da reação de SdbÃn e Feldman efetuada no sôro de 101 cães de uma área suburbana do Rio de Janeiro. Encontraram resultado negativo em 21 cães (20,8%) e resultado positivo em 80 (79,2%). Os tÃtulos da reação foram considerados positivos a partir da diluição 1:16 e não foi encontrado nenhum resultado poistivo em diluição igual ou superior a 1:4096. As diferenças nas proporções dos tÃtulos negativos e positivos, em relação ao sexo dos animais, não foram significantes. Quanto à idade, foi observado um aumento significante na proporção de resultados positivos, entre os cães de idade igual ou superior a 5 anos, tendo sido mais evidente este aumento nos cães de idade igual ou superior a 7 anos. Entre os tÃtulos positivos, a proporção da diluição 1:64 foi significantemente mais elevada nos cães de idade igual ou superior a 7 anos quando comparada a dos cães de idade menor. Êste dado vem demonstrar que foi principalmente à s custas dêste tÃtulo 1:64, que cresceu a proporção de cães positivos no grupo de animais ãe 7 anos e mais idade. A predominância de um tÃtulo positivo não elevado neste grupo de animais, leva à suposição de que os cães, em sua maicria, infectaram-se quando mais jovens.
Resumo:
Vinte casos de leptospisoses, (15 por Leptospira ictohemorragiae, 1 por Leptosplra canÃcola e 4 não determinadas) foram estudados minuciosamente do ponto de vista clÃnico, laboratorial e anátomo-patológico (5 necrópsias e lObiópsias musculares). Chamou atenção o inÃcio súbito, a febre alta, as dores musculares intensas, a congestão e hemorragia conjuntivais, além da icterÃcia de coloração rubÃnica, como elementos clÃnicos importantes para o diagnóstico diferencial com icterÃcias de outras etiologias. Em contraste, as "provas de função hepática" e as transaminases mostram-se pouco alteradas. As lesões hepáticas mais freqüentes foram a desorganização trabecular e a atrofia de hepatócitos isolados, mais evidentes em lôrno da veia centro-lobular. O rim tem o aspecto da nefrose colêmica; mostra impregnação biliar nas células, cilindros biliares nos túbulos e necrose tubular predominantemente proximal. Nos músculos esqueléticos observam-se intensa infiltração linfocitária intersticial, binucleação e à s vêzes infiltração hemorrágica e grave processo degenerativo das fibras musculares. No trato gastro intestinal predominam a congestão e as hemorragias punctiformes e no pulmão hemorragias petequiais de pleura, edema e hemorragias alveolares. No coração foi constante a observação de edema e infiltração intersticial e fragmentação de fibras miocárdicas.
Resumo:
O autor do presente trabalho realizou um estudo paisagÃstico do foco pestoso do municÃpio de Teresópolis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo compreendeu a revisão dos casos humanos desde 1938, os aspectos geológicos, climáticos, geográficos, fitofisionômicos e a fauna de roedores. Discussões foram feitas em tôrno do Homem e suas interações com o ambiente, relacionando-as com o problema da peste.