Doses e parcelamento da adubação potássica na cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Efeito do fosfito de potássio isolado e em mistura com fungicidas no controle da requeima do tomateiro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aplicação de fósforo e potássio na implantação de Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Desempenho do capim-açú e do capim-canarana em função da adubação com nitrogênio e potássio

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Efeito do silicato de potássio em plantas de mamoeiro sobre a infestação do ácaro-rajado, tetranyhcus urticae koch

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Atributos químicos no solo e produção de Cynodon dactylon cv. Tierra Verde sob doses de biofertilizante orgânico

The concentration of nutrients in plant is related to the soil, fertilization, climate, season, cultivar and cultural practices. Aiming to evaluate the soil chemical properties, the dry matter production of shoots and roots, nutrient content in the plant and the chemical composition of the grass Tierra Verde subjected to levels of organic biofertilizer as nitrogen source, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , UNESP, Araçatuba-SP, January-September 2010. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with six fertilized biofertilizer doses (0, 33, 66, 132, 264, 528 m3 ha-1) and five repetitions for three cuts. We used the model split plot, with doses of biofertilizer considered as main treatments and cuts as sub-plots. We obtained a linear response in the production of dry mass of shoots and roots to the dose of 528 m3 ha-1 of organic biofertilizer. Nitrogen fertilization influenced the soil chemical properties and levels of organic matter, sulfur, boron and manganese, and in foliar levels of phosphorus, potassium and copper. The chemical composition was not altered by the influence of organic biofertilizer doses applied to the soil.

Interação de microorganismos na solubilização de fósforo e potássio de rochas para produção de biofertilizantes

he present model of agriculture is based on intensive use of industrial inputs, due to its rapid response, but it brings harmful consequences to the environment, and it is necessary the use of modern inputs. And an alternative is the use of rock biofertilizers in agriculture, a product easy to use, with higher residual effect and does not harm the environment. The objective of study was to evaluate the inoculation and co-inoculation of different microorganisms in the solubilization of rock phosphate and potash ground microbial evaluating the best performance in the production of biofertilizers comparing with rocks pure in soil chemical properties and, verify effect of inoculation of the bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa in the absorption of minerals dissolved in the development of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.). The first bioassay was conducted in Laboratory (UFRN) for 72 days in Petri dishes, where the rock powder was increased by 10% and sulfur co-inoculated and inoculated with bacterial suspension of Paenibacillus polymyxa grown in medium tryptone soy broth, Ralstonia solanacearum in medium Kelman, Cromobacterium violaceum in medium Luria-Bertani and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in medium Tuovinen and Kelly,and fungi Trichoderma humatum and Penicillium fellutanum in malt extract. Every 12 days, samples were removed in order to build up the release curve of minerals. The second bioassay was conducted in a greenhouse of the Agricultural Research Corporation of Rio Grande do Norte in experimental delineation in randomized block designs, was used 10 kg of an Yellow Argissolo Dystrophic per pot with the addition of treatments super phosphate simple (SS), potassium chloride (KCl), pure rock, biofertilizers in doses 40, 70, 100 and 200% of the recommendation for SS and KCl, and a control, or not inoculated with bacteria P. polymyxa. Were used seeds of cowpea BRS Potiguar and co-inoculated with the bacterial suspension of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and P. polymyxa. The first crop was harvested 45 days after planting, were evaluated in the dry matter (ADM), macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn) in ADM. And the second at 75 days assessing levels of macro end micronutrients in plants and soil, and the maximum adsorption capacity of P in soil. The results showed synergism in co-inoculations with P. polymyxa+R. solanacearum and, P. polymyxa+C. violaceum solubilizations providing higher P and K, respectively, and better solubilization time at 36 days. The pH was lower in biofertilizers higher doses, but there was better with their addition to P at the highest dose. Significant reduction of maximum adsorption capacity of phosphorus with increasing dose of biofertilizer. For K and Ca was better with SS+KCl, and Mg to pure rock. There was an effect of fertilization on the absorption, with better results for P, K and ADM with SS+KCL, and N, Ca and Mg for biofertilizers. Generally, the P. polymyxa not influence the absorption of the elements in the plant. In treatments with the uninoculated P. polymyxa chemical fertilizer had an average significantly higher for weight and number of grains. And in the presence of the bacteria, biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers had positive values in relation to rock and control. The data show that the rocks and biofertilizers could meet the need of nutrients the plants revealed as potential for sustainable agriculture

Doses de nitrogênio na produtividade e classificação de bulbos de cultivares de cebola.

Os elementos mais absorvidos em termos de porcentagem na matéria seca da cebola são o potássio e nitrogênio. Como o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade e classificação de bulbos de cultivares de cebola em função de doses de nitrogênio foi conduzido um experimento no período de junho a setembro de 2013, em Petrolina-PE. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 5x2, compreendendo cinco doses de nitrogênio (0; 60; 120, 180 e 240 kg ha-1) e duas cultivares (Brisa IPA-12 e Vale Ouro IPA-11), com três repetições. A cultivar Brisa IPA-12 (80,7 t ha-1) foi superior a cultivar Vale Ouro IPA-11 (77,0 t ha-1). A dose de 183,2 kg ha-1 de N promoveu a maior produtividade comercial (94,7 t ha-1). A cultivar Brisa IPA-12 apresentou maior produção de refugos (2,4 t ha-1) comparativamente a cultivar Vale Ouro IPA-11 (1,1 t ha-1). Verificou-se com o aumento das doses uma redução gradativa da produção de bulbos considerados não comerciais, sendo a menor produção de refugos estimada na dose de 167,7 kg ha-1 de N. Maior massa fresca e bulbos de diâmetro superior foram obtidos com o incremento das doses de nitrogênio

Efeito direto de fosfitos de potássio a Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae.

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de doses (1,25; 2,5; 5,0 e 10 mL L-1) de fosfito de potássio no crescimento micelial e na germinação de conídios de Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae, agente causal da podridão-do-colo e raízes do meloeiro. Foram avaliadas as doses 1,25; 2,5; 5,0 e 10 mL L-1 dos fosfitos, uma testemunha apenas com água (dose ?0?) e o fungicida tebuconazol + trifloxistrobina (1,0 mL L-1). As formulações de fosfito de potássio avaliadas proporcionaram toxidez direta a F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, apresentando efeito significativo de doses no crescimento micelial e germinação de conídios do fungo. Contudo, observou-se maior efeito das formulações de fosfitos na inibição da germinação (DL50 =1,7 e 1,1 mL-1) do que na inibição do crescimento micelial (DL50 >10 mL-1 para os dois fosfitos). Na maior dose avaliada (10 mL L-1), a inibição do crescimento micelial foi de 33% e 18%, na dose de 5 mL L-1 as formulações inibiram a germinação em 88% e 89%. O fungicida inibiu totalmente o crescimento micelial e em inibiu a germinação dos conídios em torno de 99%, diferindo dos demais tratamentos.

Caracterização analítica de rochas silicatadas e avaliação de seu potencial agrícola como fonte de potássio.

O presente estudo avaliou a eficiência agronômica da aplicação de pó de rochas silicatadas como fonte de potássio em cultivos consecutivos de milheto e alfafa em casa de vegetação. As rochas Biotita Xisto (BX), Sienito Ceraíma (TA15), Mafurito Acreúna (TA21), Sienito SANW (TA20), Biotita Gnaísse (EL02) e Fonolito Curimbaba (FN) foram aplicadas como fontes de potássio de liberação lenta em três doses de 1,25; 2,50 e 5,0 g de rocha moída por kg de solo. Cloreto de potássio foi utilizado como fertilizante convencional em doses de 0,10; 0,20 e 0,40 g de KCl kg-1 de solo. O solo utilizado nos experimentos foi um latossolo amarelo distrófico de textura média, com teor de potássio de 1,2 mmolc dm-3 solo. A rocha TA21 foi testada sem e com correção da acidez do solo. Com a finalidade de observar a dissolução das rochas em um ambiente com plantas foram realizados cinco cultivos consecutivos: (1) milheto (62 dias de cultivo); (2), (3) e (4) alfafa (80, 115 e 155 dias de cultivo, respectivamente) e (5) milheto, com 80 dias de cultivo. A produção de matéria seca no cultivo da alfafa foi significativamente menor do que o cultivo do milheto. As amostras de forrageira foram digeridas e quantificadas empregando o método de decomposição assistida por radiação micro-ondas com HNO3 + H2O2 para a determinação do teor de potássio extraído pelas plantas. As amostras de rochas foram caracterizadas por fluorescência de raios X, difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e distribuição de tamanho das partículas e submetidas a ensaios com solução extratora Mehlich-1, ácido acético e ácido fumárico 0,05mol L-1, em diferentes tempos de extração. Todos os extratos foram quantificados por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP OES), sendo determinados os teores de Al, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P e Zn. O método da resina trocadora de íons foi aplicado para todas as amostras de rochas avaliadas, sendo quantificados K, Ca, Mg e P. Potássio solúvel foi determinado por fotometria de chama após extração com água quente, método oficial do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Para extração drástica foram avaliados dois métodos de decomposição assistida por radiação microondas: com uso de água régia e água régia invertida com adição de H2O2 e 2 etapas de pré-decomposição. Os elementos Al, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na e Zn foram quantificados por ICP OES e os resultados obtidos foram comparados por meio do teste t pareado, que indicou não haver diferença significativa entre os métodos de decomposição no intervalo de 95% de confiança. A partir das concentrações obtidas nas extrações e da quantidade de potássio extraída nos cultivos foi realizado o cálculo de correlação entre os extratores e as plantas, considerando a eficiência agronômica. O uso da calagem nos solos que receberam adição da rocha TA21 influenciou significativamente a absorção de potássio, sendo que foi observado efeito relativo à liberação de K apenas quando essa rocha foi adicionada ao solo sem tratamento prévio com a calagem. A ordem decrescente de eficiência de extração de potássio, considerando o total aplicado nos tratamentos e o K extraído pelas plantas foi EL02 > TA21-SC > KCl > FN> BX> TA20 > TA15 > TA21. Os dois métodos de decomposição desenvolvidos apresentaram melhor correlação com o potássio extraído das rochas EL02. O estudo de casa de vegetação corroborou com os ensaios de extração realizados em laboratório, que indicaram que a rocha EL02 é a que possui o maior percentual de liberação de K em relação às demais rochas avaliadas.

Unfavorable Outcomes During Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis With High Doses Of Vitamin D.

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The Effects Of High Doses Of Nandrolone Decanoate And Exercise On Prostate Microvasculature Of Adult And Older Rats.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the interaction between the abusive use of nandrolone decanoate (ND) and physical activity on the prostate structure of adult and older rats. We evaluated whether the use of ND, associated or not with physical exercise during the post-pubertal stage, interferes with the morphophysiology of the prostate. Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. The animals were treated for eight weeks and divided into sedentary and trained groups, with or without ND use. Four groups were sacrificed 48 h after the end of the eight week experiment (adult groups), and four other groups were sacrificed at 300 days of age (older groups). The prostate was collected and processed for stereological and histopathological analysis and for the expression of AQP1 and VEGF by the Western blotting technique. Both ND and physical activity altered the ventral prostate structure of the rats; the AQP1 and VEGF expression increased in young animals subjected to physical exercise. Thus, it was concluded that the use of ND, associated or not with exercise during the post-pubertal stage, interferes with the morphophysiology of the prostate.

Efeito de baixas doses de radiação X em feridas suturadas e não suturadas - estudo experimental em ratos

The present work evaluated the effect of low doses of X-irradiation on the repairing process of sutured and nonsutured skin wounds in rats. For that, rats underwent a surgical proceedure, in which a 20 x 5-millimeter rectangular wound approximately 2-millimeter-deep was made in the dorsal region of each animal, and were divided in four groups: nonirradiated nonsutured; irradiated nonsutured ; nonirradiated sutured and irradiated sutured. The animals under irradiation were protected, during exposure, with a 2-millimeter-thick lead apron in such a way that only the incision was irradiated. Each animal was submitted to 18 seconds of exposure, undergoing a total of 7.4 rads. The evaluation of the effects of X-rays on the repairing process was carried out through microscopic observation by means of hematoxylin-eosin staining for morphological evaluation, and silver impregnation under polarized light for the observation of collagen synthesis. The results have shown that X-irradiation has caused delay in the repairing process, but it did not stop its development. The irradiated nonsutured group was considered to show the greater delay when compared with the other groups.

Cumulative doses of radioiodine in the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: knowing when to stop

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the efficacy of cumulative doses (CDs) of 131I-iodide therapy (RIT) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The probability of progressive disease according to CDs was evaluated in patients < 45 years old and > 45 years old and correlated to tumor-node-metastasis (TNM), thyroglobulin values, histological types and variants, age, and zduration of the disease. RESULTS: At the end of a follow-up period of 69 ± 56 months, 85 out of 150 DTC patients submitted to fixed doses RIT had no evidence of disease, 47 had stable disease and 18 had progressive disease. Higher CDs were used in the more aggressive variants (p < 0.0001), higher TNM stages (p < 0.0001), and follicular carcinomas (p = 0.0034). Probability of disease progression was higher with CDs > 600 mCi in patients > 45 years old and with CDs > 800 mCi in patients < 45 years. CONCLUSION: Although some patients may still respond to high CDs, the impact of further RIT should be carefully evaluated and other treatment strategies may be warranted.

Steviol effect, a glycoside of Stevia rebaudiana, on glucose clearances in rats

Stevia rebaudiana, a South American plant normally used as a natural herbal sweetener, has been suggested as exerting beneficial effects on human health, including as an antihypertensive and antihyperglycemic. The present experiment was undertaken to evaluate the renal excretion of steviol, the aglycone of several natural products extracted from the leaves of S. rebaudiana, and to clarify the actual participation of this compound on the renal excretion of glucose in rats, which has been previously suggested as the preferential action of steviol on the Na+-glucose renal tubular transport system. Steviol was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of stevioside with pectinase. Thirty normal male Wistar rats weighing 345 g were used. After a control period, steviol was infused iv at three doses (0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 mg.kg-1/h), according to classical clearance techniques. During all the experiments no significant changes in inulin clearance (Cin) and p-aminohipuric acid clearance (C PAH) were observed. Administration of steviol resulted in a statistically significant increase in the fractional sodium excretion (FeNa+), fractional potassium excretion (FeK+), urinary flow as percent of glomerular filtration rate (V/GFR) and glucose clearance (C G) when compared to controls, but these effects were absent with the dose of 0.5 mg.kg-1/h. The steviol clearance (C S) was higher than the Cin and lower than the C PAH at all the doses employed in this study. The data suggest that steviol is secreted by renal tubular epithelium, causing diuresis, natriuresis, kaliuresis and a fall in renal tubular reabsorption of glucose.