Cultural influence and learning to teach: Beginning teachers' perceptions of teacher preparation programs and school support systems

Beginning teachers in the field of English Language Arts and Reading are responsible for providing literacy instruction to students. Teachers need a broad background in teaching reading, writing, listening, speaking, and viewing, as well as critical thinking. In secondary schools in particular, beginning English Language Arts and Reading teachers are also faced with the challenge of preparing students to be proficient enough readers and writers to meet required State standards. Beginning teachers must navigate compelling challenges that exist during the first years of teaching. The school support systems available to new teachers are an integral part of their educational development. ^ This qualitative study was conceptualized as an in-depth examination of the experiences and perceptions of eight beginning teachers. They represented different racial/ethnic groups, attended different teacher preparation programs, and taught in different school cultures. The data were collected through formal and informal interviews and classroom observations. A qualitative system of data analysis was used to examine the patterns relating to the interrelationship between teacher preparation programs and school support systems. ^ The experiences of the beginning teachers in this study indicated that teacher education programs should provide preservice teachers with a critical knowledge base for teaching literature, language, and composition. A liberal arts background in English, followed by an extensive program focusing on pedagogy, seems to provide a thorough level of curriculum and instructional practices needed for teaching in 21st century classrooms. The data further suggested that a school support system should pair beginning teachers with mentor teachers and provide a caring, professional environment that seeks to nurture the teacher as she/he develops during the first years of teaching. ^

The cultural politics of Jamaican dancehall music in South Florida

For Jamaicans throughout the Diaspora, dancehall music has emerged as their most potent cultural symbol demarcating their place of origin and continued sense of national belonging. Due to its unapologetic nature and tendency to tackle divisive issues such as those involving race, class, and sex, dancehall has been unfairly branded as wholly misogynistic and violent. This dissertation attempts to counter some of these assertions by exploring the cultural politics of dancehall music in South Florida's Jamaican community. Information for this study was obtained using participant observation, formal, and informal interviews. Participant observation was conducted over a 2 year period at several dancehall clubs and events throughout South Florida. A total of 24 formal and 30 informal interviews were conducted with listeners of the music and business owners who are directly and indirectly involved with the promotion, production, and distribution of dancehall in South Florida. ^ Results show that dancehall enacts cultural politics in three primary ways in South Florida. First, the music serves as one of several types of materials used in the construction of a "Jamaican identity." This is achieved through the lyrical content of the music where social, economic and political issues affecting the island are often discussed and debated. Second, dancehall operates as a form of cultural politics through its nurturing of nationalistic sensibilities. Evidence of this is apparent in the controversy involving dancehall's homophobic stance. Third, dancehall affords Jamaicans in South Florida the ability to transplant and perpetuate the uptown versus downtown divide. ^ Far from being wholly misogynistic and violent, therefore, dancehall is an important tool that can be used to address a wide variety of issues within the local Jamaican context and throughout the Jamaican diaspora. ^

Island diasporas: Perceptions of Indo-Caribbean protégés regarding the effects of their cross-cultural mentoring experiences in the United States

Mentoring is defined as an "intense caring relationship in which persons with more experience work with less experienced persons to promote both professional and personal development" (Caffarella, 1992, p. 38). It is "a powerful emotional, and passionate interaction whereby the mentor and protégé experience...intellectual growth and development" (Galbraith & Zelenak, 1991, p. 126). In cross-cultural mentoring, mentors and protégés from different cultures confront social and cultural identities, goals, expectations, values, and beliefs (Cross & Lincoln, 2005) to "achieve a higher level of potency in education and society" (Mullen, 2005, p. 6). Cross-cultural mentoring research explores attitudes, behaviors, linguistics and motivators of the more visible racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. (Elmer, 1986, Ulmer, 2008). The cross-cultural mentoring experiences of Indo-Caribbeans in the U.S. are obscured from the research despite their rich socio-historic culture. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions of Indo-Caribbean protégés regarding the effects of their cross-cultural mentoring experiences in the United States. Phenomenology is "the systematic attempt to uncover and describe...the internal meaning structures, of lived experience [by studying the] particulars or instances as they are encountered" (Van Manen, 1990, p. 10). Criterion and snowball sampling were used to recruit 15 participants. A semi-structured interview guide was used to gather data and Creswell's (2007) simplified version of Moustakas's (1994) Modification of the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen Method of Analysis of Phenomenological Data was used to analyze the data. Three themes emerged: (a) "Sitting at the feet of gurus" taught protégés how to accept guidance, (b) Guru-Shishya: Learning and Discipleship, ways that protégés perceived mentors' guidance related to work, skill acquisition, and social or emotional support, and (c) Samavartan sanskar: Building Coherence, helped protégés understand, manage and find meaning. Protégés' goals and professional expectations determined what they wanted from cross-cultural mentoring relationships and what they were willing to endure within those relationships. Since participants valued achievement and continuous improvement, mentor support was integral to making meaning and developing a sense of coherence in their lives. Implications regarding cross-cultural mentoring relationships together with recommendations for future research conclude the study.

Racioethnic differences in job satisfaction: A test of orthogonal cultural identification theory and self -categorization theory

The theories of orthogonal cultural identification and self-categorization are offered as links in examining the possible racioethnic differences in job satisfaction. It is posited that racioethnicity (Cox & Blake, 1991) is multidimensional with at least three conceptually distinct dimensions. Since there is a need for consistent terminology with respect to these distinct dimensions, the following new terms are offered to differentiate among them: "physioethnicity" refers to the physiological dimension of racioethnicity; "socioethnicity" refers to the sociocultural dimension; and "psychoethnicity" refers to the psychological dimension.^ Results showed that for the dominant group (Hispanics in this case) (1) bicultural and multicultural individuals were more satisfied with coworkers than acultural and monocultural individuals and (2) individuals with higher strength of psychoethnicity were more satisfied with coworkers, the work itself, and supervision than those with lower strength of psychoethnicity. The findings suggest racioethnic differences within the dominant group and between groups beyond race. ^

Intra-racial relations among blacks in the United States: dissimilarities, partnerships, and common identities

In the wake of a steadily increasing diversity in ethnicity among Blacks in the United States, efforts need to be made to analyze and understand the dynamics of the relations among the various Black ethnic groups in the United States. This thesis explores the present state of relations among these groups by utilizing an extensive literature review on the topic in conjunction with in-depth interviews. What is of particular interest here are the differing and similar intergroup perspectives on self-identity, as well as any cultural similarities and dissimilarities that exist. We find that the cultural dissimilarities create barriers to harmonious relations among the groups, while particular ideologies such as Pan-Africanism and Black nationalism provide the basis for strong unified fronts and partnerships for those who embrace them.

Padrões de diversidade α (alfa) e β (beta) zooplanctônica em lagos tropicais: a importância da estrutura do habitat e da identidade das espécies

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Padrões de diversidade α (alfa) e β (beta) zooplanctônica em lagos tropicais: a importância da estrutura do habitat e da identidade das espécies

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Arcabouço jurídico normativo pedagógico da lei federal 10.639/2003 na universidade federal de Uberlândia: avanços e limites

This search addresses the public policies that directly or indirectly corroborate for the implementation of the Brazilian Law number 10.639/2003 in Federal University of Uberlândia and it analyzes the affirmative actions in this context. The study aims to answer some questions such as: Why we have found difficulties in implementing the Law 10.639/2003 and its correlate legislation in the institutions responsible for teachers formation, particularly in the courses of History, Visual Arts, Portuguese Language and Literature and Education teachers? We started from the hypothesis that implementing the Law 10.639/2003 is considered by popular movements that fight for the emancipation of black population and for its rights consider such actions as a form of eradicating racial and ethnic prejudice which are still present in our society. The methodology is based on case study, which allows the triangulation to other methodological approaches such as qualitative analysis and bibliographic search. The investigation instruments were: I. Bibliographic sources including books, papers, periodic and so one; II. Documental sources: specific legislation on the theme (Brazilian Federal Law 10.639/2003, Resolution CNE/CP 1/2004 and others; III. Oral sources obtained from semi structured interviews with coordinators of the selected Graduation courses. Critical multicuturalism according to McLaren (1999) allowed us to approach our research object in order to understand its plural characteristics, specially reading the different aspects that permeate the relationship between culture and identity, cultural differences and power relationship in modern society. In the study, we did not perceive the involvement of the Higher Education professionals in order to implement Law 10.639/2003. The problem perceived for implementing the law and its pedagogical normative legal framework is the personal and institutional attitude, because every subject involved in it has a direct responsibility. We cannot believe that the institutions may claim lack of knowledge and research in the area as impediments to implementing the disciplines and the pedagogical contents concerning to the Law nor contracting researcher experts and scholars on this topic to compose the frames of the University.

La categoría social de lo "étnico" : Estructuración e historia de un "grupo" de inmigrantes y sus descendientes

La ciudad de Berisso, ubicada en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, funcionó desde sus orígenes como uno de los polos de mayor atracción de inmigrantes del país, características que la distinguieron como un singular contexto de diversidad cultural, declarándola "Capital Provincial del Inmigrante" en 1978. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo es -a partir del caso de los inmigrantes bielorrusos y sus descendientes en la ciudad- describir y analizar sus modalidades de estructuración, y comenzar a delinear las relaciones con otros "grupos" de inmigrantes y descendientes presentes en la comunidad. Modalidad que remite al denominado principio de la dualidad estructural propuesto por Giddens (1979, 1984). Para la construcción de los datos se realizaron entrevistas individuales en profundidad y semi-estructuradas, complementando las entrevistas con observaciones de los contextos de interacción y análisis de textos

La categoría social de lo "étnico" : Estructuración e historia de un "grupo" de inmigrantes y sus descendientes

La ciudad de Berisso, ubicada en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, funcionó desde sus orígenes como uno de los polos de mayor atracción de inmigrantes del país, características que la distinguieron como un singular contexto de diversidad cultural, declarándola "Capital Provincial del Inmigrante" en 1978. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo es -a partir del caso de los inmigrantes bielorrusos y sus descendientes en la ciudad- describir y analizar sus modalidades de estructuración, y comenzar a delinear las relaciones con otros "grupos" de inmigrantes y descendientes presentes en la comunidad. Modalidad que remite al denominado principio de la dualidad estructural propuesto por Giddens (1979, 1984). Para la construcción de los datos se realizaron entrevistas individuales en profundidad y semi-estructuradas, complementando las entrevistas con observaciones de los contextos de interacción y análisis de textos

La categoría social de lo "étnico" : Estructuración e historia de un "grupo" de inmigrantes y sus descendientes

La ciudad de Berisso, ubicada en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, funcionó desde sus orígenes como uno de los polos de mayor atracción de inmigrantes del país, características que la distinguieron como un singular contexto de diversidad cultural, declarándola "Capital Provincial del Inmigrante" en 1978. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo es -a partir del caso de los inmigrantes bielorrusos y sus descendientes en la ciudad- describir y analizar sus modalidades de estructuración, y comenzar a delinear las relaciones con otros "grupos" de inmigrantes y descendientes presentes en la comunidad. Modalidad que remite al denominado principio de la dualidad estructural propuesto por Giddens (1979, 1984). Para la construcción de los datos se realizaron entrevistas individuales en profundidad y semi-estructuradas, complementando las entrevistas con observaciones de los contextos de interacción y análisis de textos

From labelling to social aid for immigrants in the 21st Century

Migration is as old as humanity, but since the 1990s migration flows in Western Europe have led to societies that are not just multicultural but so-called «super-diverse». As a result, Western towns now have very complex social structures, with amongst others large amounts of small immigrant communities that are in constant change. In this paper we argue that for social workers to be able to offer adequate professional help to non-native residents in town, they will need balanced view of ‘culture’ and of the role culture plays in social aid. Culture is never static, but is continually changing. By teaching social workers about how to look at cultural backgrounds of immigrant groups and about the limitations of then role that culture plays in communication, they will be better equipped to provide adequate aid and will contribute to making various groups grow towards each other and to avoid people thinking in terms of ‘out-group-homogeneity’. Nowadays, inclusion is a priority in social work that almost every social worker supports. Social workers should have an open attitude to allow them to approach every individual as a unique person. They will see the other person as the person they are, and not as a part of a specific cultural group. Knowledge about the others makes them see the cultural heterogeneity in every group. The social sector, though, must be aware not to fall into the trap of the ‘inclusion mania’! This will cause the social deprivation of a particular group to be forgotten. An inclusive policy requires an inclusive society. Otherwise, this could result in even more deprivation of other groups, already discriminated against. Emancipation of deprived people demands a certain target-group policymaking. Categorized aid will raise efficiency of working with immigrants and of acknowledging the cultural identity of the non-natives group. It will also create the possibility to work on fighting social deprivation, in which most immigrants can be found.

Sexualidade e Diversidade Sexual na Formação em Serviço Social nos cursos de 1º Ciclo no Instituto Superior Miguel Torga e na Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra

O presente trabalho de investigação, Sexualidade e Diversidade Sexual na Formação em Serviço Social nos cursos de 1º ciclo no Instituto Superior Miguel Torga (ISMT) e na Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra (FPCEUC) foi realizado no âmbito do VI Curso de Mestrado em Serviço Social. As razões deste trabalho residem no facto de não existirem em Portugal trabalhos desta natureza e, por persistirem os preconceitos, estereótipos, discriminação e exclusão em relação à população cuja orientação sexual não se pauta pela “norma” da heterossexualidade. Propôs-se investigar em que medida os alunos da licenciatura em Serviço Social das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) em Coimbra, futuros Assistentes Sociais, são informados sobre os problemas decorrentes das questões de discriminação relativamente à população cuja orientação sexual não se pauta pela dita norma e, são sensibilizados para trabalhar com a população LGBT e seus movimentos. Constituíam-se como objectivos específicos, analisar o lugar atribuído à sexualidade e à diversidade sexual na formação em Serviço Social partindo dos planos de estudos do ISMT e da FPCEUC; abordar os alunos de 1º ciclo quanto aos conhecimentos transmitidos, se contemplam e/ou problematizam temas relacionados com estas questões; proceder a um levantamento dos programas e bibliografia de disciplinas que abordem estas temáticas; auscultar as coordenadoras científicas destes cursos quanto às disciplinas existentes e à necessidade de abordar questões relacionadas com sexualidade e diversidade sexual; auscultar os alunos sobre a sua posição no que respeita à necessidade de introduzir e/ou desenvolver esta componente da formação e analisar as suas atitudes perante a diversidade sexual, étnica, racial, entre outras. Recorreu-se à análise documental, método da entrevista para as coordenadoras científicas e inquérito por questionário a todos os estudantes que frequentavam estas licenciaturas. No que respeita às unidades curriculares(UC) o curso do ISMT apresenta-se com um maior número na área científica do Serviço Social cujos conteúdos programáticos incluem temas sobre questões de discriminação, sexualidade e diversidade sexual tendo inclusive a UC Educação para a Saúde e Sexualidade. No entanto, ainda são incipientes uma vez que não se dirigem especificamente para as questões da discriminação em função da orientação sexual. A bibliografia integra obras sobre promoção de igualdade, direitos humanos e sexualidade mas não obras especializadas. Segundo os resultados do inquérito, 87,7% dos alunos consideraram a necessidade de introduzir uma componente que aborde as questões de diversidade sexual/orientação sexual na formação em Serviço Social de modo a melhorarem e aprofundarem os seus conhecimentos. No entanto, constatou-se que alguns alunos têm atitudes de discriminação manifestando sentimentos de ódio para com cidadãos portadores de deficiência (7,6%), para com muçulmanos (6,8%), 7,6% face aos ciganos, 6,1% perante negros e, tanto para pessoas árabes como homossexuais 8,4% dos inquiridos. Para as coordenadoras destes cursos de 1º ciclo, as questões associadas à sexualidade não são fundamentais na formação de futuros Assistentes Sociais.

Turismo cultural na ZEPH-Ribeira: possibilidades e limitações

Considering that urban interventions, planned and executed recently at Natal, RN, should put Ribeira - one of the town centers - in the new limits of the expanded center of the city, this work examines the use of this new accessibility for the benefit of the development of an infrastructure to support a type of tourism currently seen as an alternative to diversification into areas dominated by entertainment tourism (the case of Natal). A local with city's traditional cultural facilities and holder of a set built that is a synthesis of the images of the neighborhood, it fears that this increase in the potential for movement and flows of use stimulate speculation and deployment of a bulk type of activity incompatible with the preservation the architectural heritage. Important economy for the city, tourism has been showing a factor propellant processing urban related changes in accessibility. It is argued that cultural tourism, often used in plans and projects of revitalization across the country, may be factor for sustainable development and conserve the assets, and contributes to the process of revitalization of the historic cultural center as Ribeira. Intended to illustrate the need to consider other information that might help in the revitalization of the neighborhood, this research presents the offer cultural tourism of Ribeira and identifies and maps certain physical attributes that, combined with functional attributes, can stimulate or inhibit the diversity and vitality in the region