Scanning electron microscopic and profilometric study of different sharpening stones

Scaling and root planing contribute to the recovery of periodontal health. All periodontal instruments loose their fine cutting angle after use. To maintain this angle, correct sharpening is required using specifically designed stones. The characteristics of sharpening stones can be compared to the blade of the instruments and also transported to root surface during instrumentation. Root smoothness is related to the quality of the blade. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of 9 sharpening stones by scanning electron microscopic and profilometric analyses. Ceramic and Neumar stones were very fine and both may be recommended to maintain the sharpness of the instruments. Arkansas, Thompson and CE stones presented greater roughness with very regular and round particles, and are suitable for maintenance of the cutting angle. In addition, these stones may be indicated for the routine sharpening of the instruments that are partly dull. Oxide Aluminum, Carborundum and JON stones were the coarsest with large irregular particles and may be indicated for initial sharpening of totally dull instruments with completion of sharpening with finer stones.

Plant species identification using multi-scale fractal dimension applied to images of adaxial surface epidermis

This paper presents the study of computational methods applied to histological texture analysis in order to identify plant species, a very difficult task due to the great similarity among some species and presence of irregularities in a given species. Experiments were performed considering 300 ×300 texture windows extracted from adaxial surface epidermis from eight species. Different texture methods were evaluated using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Results showed that methods based on complexity analysis perform a better texture discrimination, so conducting to a more accurate identification of plant species. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

The environmental dimension in development planning

Includes bibliography

Institutional organization of the State for incorporating the environmental dimension in development planning

Includes bibliography

The legal aspects of the incorporation of the environmental dimension in development planning

Includes bibliography

Incorporation of the environmental dimension in planning

Analiza y critica los diversos enfoques y tendencias que se dan en América Latina sobre la incorporación de la dimensión ambiental en la planificación. Plantea una propuesta alternativa, que se centra en el enfoque instrumental considerando que éste puede responder mejor a las necesidades del desarrollo y de la planificación, y que las tareas que implica requieren y a la vez posibilitan una efectiva cooperación regional en la materia.

The gender dimension of globalization: a survey of the literature with a focus on Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

The gender dimension of economic globalization: an annotated bibliography

Includes bibliography

Economic considerations for social policy and the social dimension of economic policy

Analiza los principales puntos en los que el relacionamiento entre los programas sociales y sus implicaciones economicas es mas evidente. De este modo, expone que la politica social no puede ser solamente una accion compensatoria y subsidiaria del crecimiento economico, sino que el modelo economico que rija debe ser propicio para la solucion integral de los problemas socialeto

Evolution of the rural dimension in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

The North-South dimension of the environmental and cleaner technology industries

Includes bibliography

Fractal dimension and Shannon's entropy analyses of the architectural complexity caused by the inflammatory reactions induced by highly crystalline polyvinyl alcohol) microspheres implanted in subcutaneous tissues of the Wistar rats

The results of the histopathological analyses after the implantation of highly crystalline PVA microspheres in subcutaneous tissues of Wistar rats are here in reported. Three different groups of PVA microparticles were systematically studied: highly crystalline, amorphous, and commercial ones. In addition to these experiments, complementary analyses of architectural complexity were performed using fractal dimension (FD), and Shannon's entropy (SE) concepts. The highly crystalline microspheres induced inflammatory reactions similar to the ones observed for the commercial ones, while the inflammatory reactions caused by the amorphous ones were less intense. Statistical analyses of the subcutaneous tissues of Wistar rats implanted with the highly crystalline microspheres resulted in FD and SE values significantly higher than the statistical parameters observed for the amorphous ones. The FD and SE parameters obtained for the subcutaneous tissues of Wistar rats implanted with crystalline and commercial microparticles were statistically similar. Briefly, the results indicated that the new highly crystalline microspheres had biocompatible behavior comparable to the commercial ones. In addition, statistical tools such as FD and SE analyses when combined with histopathological analyses can be useful tools to investigate the architectural complexity tissues caused by complex inflammatory reactions. © 2012 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

The environmental dimension in agricultural development in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Towards a social and polítical dimension of regional planning

Includes bibliography

Resolution 674(XXXIV) Regional dimension of development

Spanish version available