Prática de atividades físicas e custo do tratamento ambulatorial de diabéticos tipo 2 atendidos em unidade básica de saúde

OBJETIVOS: Observar se existem diferenças nos valores monetários destinados aos procedimentos de saúde para o tratamento de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 quando estratificados em diferentes níveis de atividade física habitual. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Cento e vinte um diabéticos tipo 2 foram avaliados em duas unidades básicas de saúde de Bauru, SP. Atividade física foi avaliada por meio de entrevista. Retroagindo um ano ao dia da avaliação, por meio de notas fiscais, foram computados valores de exames, medicamentos e consultas médicas e de enfermagem. RESULTADOS: Quando comparados aos diabéticos ativos, os sedentários apresentaram gastos com consultas em clínico-geral 63% superiores (p = 0,017). Gastos com medicamentos para o tratamento de outras doenças também foram superiores em diabéticos sedentários (p = 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Quando comparados de acordo com a prática de atividades físicas, diabéticos tipo 2 com menor prática de atividades físicas apresentam maiores custos com serviços médicos e consumo de medicamentos.

Custo Leite para Windows: Software de Controle de Custos para a Pecuária Leiteira

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fator de crescimento derivado de plaquetas humanas obtido por uma metodologia rápida e de baixo custo

Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was purified from lysates of clinically outdated human platelets by ionic exchange chromatography in CM-Sepharose. The eluated fraction was submitted to the Immunoblot/Slot Blot assay using anti-PDGF-AA and anti-PDGF-BB polyclonal antibodies and was evaluated as to its biological activity through the test of [H 3]-thymidine incorporation in NIH/3T3 cell line fibroblasts in culture. The Immunoblot/Slot Blot assay using anti-PDGF-AA and anti-PDGF-BB antibodies proved the presence of the PDGF in chromatographic cationic fraction. The comparison of biological activities between fiblobrast stimulation assay using recombinant PDGF-AB and partially purified PDGF was demonstrated in 165.796 and 157.567 cpm, respectively. This result, proved the potent mitogenic effect of partially purified PDGF and consequently their evidence about the wound healing activity.

Fatores intrínsecos do custo energético da locomoção durante a natação

The amount of metabolic energy spent in transporting the body mass of the subject over a unit of distance has been defined as the energy cost of locomotion, or regarding to swimming, cost of swimming. The differences in the cost of swimming between the individuals seem to be influenced by two main factors, the hydrodynamic resistance and technical skill of the swimmer. The lower cost of swimming showed by females has been attributed to a smaller hydrodynamic resistance due to their smaller size, larger percentage fat and more streamlined position. However, the difference in cost of swimming between males and females disappears when correcting for body size. With regard to children, the higher energy cost of swimming when correcting for body size may be caused by the lower swimming technique showed by them. For individuals with the same anthropometric characteristics, the better swimming technique and larger size of propelling surface, associated with higher propelling efficiency, may decrease the energy cost of swimming. When comparing different types of strokes, the most economical stroke is crawl, followed by backstroke, irrespective the swimming velocity. Butterfly is the less economical at low velocities (< 0.8 m·s-1). However, above that velocity the breaststroke become the less economical stroke.

Medicação de alto custo para portador de sofrimento psíquico: Um estudo preliminar dos custos

The present work aims to raise the costs of high-cost drugs used to treat patients of Refractory Schizophrenia in ambulatory unit. The study was carried out in the Psychosocial Support Center, which treated 33 patients with these medications, during the period of June, 2005 to May, 2006. Data analysis disclosed that the mostly used drugs to treat the carriers of Refractory Schizophrenia were: clozapina and risperidona. It was observed that the treatment with olanzapina is more expensive than that with risperidona. The study concluded that the analysis of the consumption and costs of drugs of high cost is necessary to subside better management of the expenses and new investments in the service. Moreover, the necessity of more studies in the area was also identified to contribute with the control of costs.

Mastite subclínica causada por Staphylococcus aureus: Custo-benefício da antibioticoterapia de vacas em lactação

Economic evaluation of the treatment bovine subclinical mastitis caused by S. aureus was evaluated. Two hundred and seventy udder quarters with or without subclinical mastitis were distributed into four groups, in conformity to lactational stage and treatments. Group 1 included animals treated between 10 and 60 days of lactation; group 2 included animals treated from 61 days of lactation to two months before drying; group 3 included animals no treated between 10 and 60 days of lactation; group 4 included animals no treated from 61 days of lactation to two months before drying. Treatment with gentamicin (150mg) was accomplished by intramammary doses, once a day, after performing sensitivity tests. The mammary quarters were re-evaluated after 30 days. The costs with the treatment were calculated considering a S. aureus prevalence of 5% as well as expenses with antibiotic, milk disposal, tests of drug sensitivity and workload. There was loss of income of 2% and 14% in the groups 1 and 2, respectively, when compared with the values before the treatment. In such case, the treatment of bovine subclinical mastitis caused by S. aureus in the lactation was economically unviable.

Consumo e custo de energia elétrica na cultura de citros irrigado por gotejamento e microaspersão, com três lâminas de água

The objective of this work was to analyze the consumption, electric energy cost, and economic results of irrigated citrus (Citrus sinensis). The treatments consisted of a dripping irrigation system with one and two lateral distribution lines, a micro sprinkler irrigation system and a treatment without irrigation. For each irrigation system, three water depths were used: 100%, 75% and 50% of Etc (citrus evapotranspiration). The electric energy cost for two tariff groups, Group A and Group B, was studied. For Group A, the expenses with energy were determined for the Conventional Binomial Structure tariff, the Hour-seasonal tariff (green and blue) and the special tariff for nocturnal irrigation. The kWh cost for the tariff systems were obtained from the website of CPFL (São Paulo State Power and Light Company, Brazil). The best relation between the electric energy consumption (kWh.ha -1) and productivity (t.ha -1) occurred in the treatment irrigated with 50% of the Etc. The irrigated treatments increased productivity. The biggest productivity was observed in the irrigation treatments with 50% of the Etc when compared to the ones with 100% of the Etc. The blue and green Hour-seasonal tariff system of Group A (nocturnal irrigation) was the best option. A biggest economic turnover occurred in the treatments irrigated with 50% of the Etc.

Custo de produção e indicadores de rentabilidade da cultura do milho safrinha

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production cost and profitability of the second season corn crop in the Medio Paranapanema region, São Paulo State Brazil, under two technological levels (middle and high technology), crop 2008/2009, and compare the results with the 2006/2007 agricultural year. Effective and total operational cost as well as five profitability indicators were used. It was concluded that the high technology production cost for corn crop (direct seedling, sowing during the recommended period, use of simple hybrid seed, application of side-dressing fertilization, and treatment of seeds with different insecticides) was superior to the middle technology production cost (direct seedling, sowing after the recommended time, use of double hybrid seed, and no side-dressing fertilization). However, the average cost was inferior (US$ 8.5), due to a higher yield (4 t). The high technology corn crop was profitable (gross income and profitability index of 14% and 12%, respectively). For the middle technology crop, profitability indexes pointed out that the cropping system needs to be reevaluated by technicians and research institutions, regarding the adequate technical recommendations. Profitability indexes decreased considerably in both cropping systems. It was verified that, in relation to the 2006/2007 harvest period, the total operational cost increased for both technologies, mainly because of the increase of supplies prices.

Tamanho de amostra e estimativa de custo em levantamento epidemiológico de cárie dentária

This study aimed to analyze how the prevalence and the distribution of dental caries influence the sample size in epidemiological surveys, and how much are the costs. Secondary data of oral health surveys in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Bauru in 1976, 1984, 1990, 1994, and 2001, and from Piracicaba in 2001 and 2005 were studied. Sample sizes were estimated taking into account the mean DMFT and standard deviation of each survey, establishing sampling errors of 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%. Costs were estimated considering permanent material, consumption material and human resources. The sample size in both towns needed to be increased, ranging from 119 in 1976 to 1,118 in 2001 in Bauru, and from 954 in 2001 to 1,252 in 2005 in Piracicaba, when a sampling error of 10% was considered. The cost of dental caries surveys was verified considering different sampling errors. This cost depends on how acceptable is the margin of difference between the true mean and the one found in the survey. In conclusion, the reduction in the prevalence of dental caries has determined the need for increase in sample size and in costs for conducting the surveys.

Fontes de carbono de baixo custo para a produção de xilanase termoestável por aspergillus niger

A strain of the flamentous fungus Aspergillus niger was isolated and shown to possess extracellular xylanolytic activity. These enzymes have biotechnological potential and can be employed in various industries. This fungus produced its highest xylanase activity in a medium made up of 0.1% CaCO3, 0.5% NaCl, 0.1% NH4Cl, 0.5% corn steep liquor and 1% carbon source, at pH 8.0. A low-cost hemicellulose residue (powdered corncob) proved to be an excellent inducer of the A. niger xylanolytic complex. Filtration of the crude culture medium with suspended kaolin was ideal for to clarify the extract and led to partial purifcation of the xylanolytic activity. The apparent molecular mass of the xylanase was about 32.3 kDa. Maximum enzyme activity occurred at pH 5.0 and 55-60oC. Apparent Km was 10.41 ± 0.282 mg/mL and Vmax was 3.32 ± 0.053 U/mg protein, with birchwood xylan as the substrate. Activation energy was 4.55 kcal/mol and half-life of the crude enzyme at 60oC was 30 minutes. Addition of 2% glucose to the culture medium supplemented with xylan repressed xylanase production, but in the presence of xylose the enzyme production was not affected.

Programação, conexão e avaliação de psicrômetro aspirado de termopar de baixo custo em micrologger para estudos agrometeorológicos

As the psychrometric method is considered standard for the measurement of relative humidity, many studies have used aspirated thermocouple psychrometers connected to microloggers but, however, they do not detail how the aspiration of the air stream is done. However, one of the major difficulties of aspirated thermocouple psychrometers is to program and to connect it in micrologger, because specific programming and connection are requires, and still some skills in getting accurate measurements. This work aimed to provide the programming and the connection of the aspirated thermocouple psychrometer type T for the CR10X microloggers and CR23X of Campbell Scientific, evaluating the quality of measurements of temperature and air relative humidity in relation the a sensor Vaisala HMP50. The non-continuous measurements were made in the period 2006/09/04 to 2007/07/11 at Jaboticabal, SP. The air temperature measurements were similar between the Vaisala sensors and aspirated thermocouple psychrometer, but the relative humidity measurements were significantly different. The measurements obtained by the aspirated thermocouple psychrometer connected to CR10X micrologger were the most accurate. Using the programming and connection of a micro-fan to suck in the dry and moist bulbs of aspirated thermocouple psychrometer in microloggers models CR10X and CR23X, it is possible to obtain measurements of air temperature with good precision and accuracy, and measurements of air relative humidity with good precision, but accuracy is not always attainable due to the difficulties inherent to the physical processes that occur in the wet bulb, the skill in the use and maintenance of this equipment and the reservoir protection against radiative effects.

Avaliação de uma metodologia de baixo custo para o cadastro de propriedades em áreas de expansão e vazios urbanos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento de um sistema de medição de baixo custo para a monitoração de alimentadores aéreos de distribuição de energia elétrica da classe 15 KV

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Métodos híbridos de pontos interiores e de programação inteira 0-1 para problemas de custo de colheita da cana-de-açúcar e de custo de coleta e geração de energia relacionados à sua biomassa

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEB