863 resultados para Construction process improvement


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This paper explores the concept of Value Stream Analysis and Mapping (VSA/M) as applied to Product Development (PD) efforts. Value Stream Analysis and Mapping is a method of business process improvement. The application of VSA/M began in the manufacturing community. PD efforts provide a different setting for the use of VSA/M. Site visits were made to nine major U.S. aerospace organizations. Interviews, discussions, and participatory events were used to gather data on (1) the sophistication of the tools used in PD process improvement efforts, (2) the lean context of the use of the tools, and (3) success of the efforts. It was found that all three factors were strongly correlated, suggesting success depends on both good tools and lean context. Finally, a general VSA/M method for PD activities is proposed. The method uses modified process mapping tools to analyze and improve process.

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This paper explores the concept of Value Stream Analysis and Mapping (VSA/M) as applied to Product Development (PD) efforts. Value Stream Analysis and Mapping is a method of business process improvement. The application of VSA/M began in the manufacturing community. PD efforts provide a different setting for the use of VSA/M. Site visits were made to nine major U.S. aerospace organizations. Interviews, discussions, and participatory events were used to gather data on (1) the sophistication of the tools used in PD process improvement efforts, (2) the lean context of the use of the tools, and (3) success of the efforts. It was found that all three factors were strongly correlated, suggesting success depends on both good tools and lean context. Finally, a general VSA/M method for PD activities is proposed. The method uses modified process mapping tools to analyze and improve process.

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Situación política, histórica y diplomática de Alemania e Italia desde la unificación de ambas naciones hasta la firma del Pacto de Acero en mayo de 1939. Proceso de construcción de las relaciones bilaterales entre la Alemania nazi y la Italia fascista.

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El presente trabajo busca examinar cómo el fenómeno de la migración por asilo ha influido en la evolución de la Política Exterior y de Seguridad Común de la Unión Europea (PESC- UE) a partir del caso de Grecia entre 2001 y 2012. De esta manera, se identifica la migración por asilo como un problema de seguridad en medio del proceso de construcción europea. Se examina el marco legal y político existente sobre el asilo en Grecia y en la Unión, y se analiza el proceso de construcción de la PESC-UE a partir de sus incisos sobre política de vecindad, de desarrollo y cooperación, y de la protección de los derechos humanos. El resultado de la investigación permite establecer, luego de estudiar el caso griego, que la migración por asilo ha influido parcialmente en la evolución de la PESC- UE durante el periodo observado.

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Se presenta una consideración conceptual y teórica sobre la ciudad-región y sus especificidades en el caso particular del Eje cafetero colombiano; se reflexiona sobre los procesos de metropolización en general y se llama la atención hacia los procesos metropolitanos de Pereira, Manizales y Armenia; se describe y se analiza la red de ciudades en el contexto de la ecorregión Eje Cafetero; se aportan consideraciones desde lo urbano-regional sobre el proyecto de ley orgánica de ordenamiento territorial; se sintetizan los principales progresos, limitaciones y retos en la construcción de esta ciudad-región y, por último, se ofrecen unas recomendaciones para fortalecer su proceso de construcción colectiva.-----A conceptual and theoretical consideration about the city region and its specifications are presented for the particular case of the Colombian Coffee Region; general metropolitan processes are carefully thought, and the attention is drawn over Pereira, Manizales and Armenia metropolitan dynamics; the city net is analyzed within coffee Eco-region context, considerations about territorial organization law project are given from the urban-regional point of view; main progresses, limitations and challenges from this City Region are summarized, and finally some recommendations are given in order to strengthen its collective construction process.

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Las multinacionales son reconocidas por su perdurabilidad en el tiempo, todas tienen procesos operativos que permiten alcanzar los objetivos del negocio. Boehringer Ingelheim es una compañía con mas de 128 años en el negocio farmacéutico que se caracteriza por su trascendencia familiar. Esta es una de las pocas empresas que no tienen accionistas y es un caso de éxito en la industria. En Colombia, esta empresa se ve enfrentada a otros grandes laboratorios como lo son Pfizer, Novartis, Bayer, Roche, Tecnoquimicas, entre otros; por lo cual debe estar a la vanguardia tanto en medicamentos, tecnología y procesos. Este trabajo propone la mejora de uno de los procesos del área de mercadeo en el cual se ven involucradas las áreas de ventas y contabilidad, buscando reducir el tiempo operativo para ser implementado en actividades de mayor valor que beneficien a la empresa.

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Esta monografía tiene como propósito analizar la pertinencia de la inclusión de un enfoque de interseccionalidad en el proceso de construcción de derecho a la verdad como instrumento de Justicia Transicional de la masacre de Bahía Portete perpetrada el 18 de abril de 2004 por paramilitares. Para lo cual se realiza un acercamiento al proceso de reparación llevado a cabo por el Estado colombiano y a la concepción del pueblo Wayuu del derecho propio y del rol de la mujer. Adicionalmente se realiza una caracterización de las mujeres víctimas desde el enfoque de la interseccionalidad. La presente investigación se desarrolló principalmente a partir de los hallazgos del trabajo de campo realizado en la Guajira durante el año 2014.

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Esta propuesta de investigación pretende aportar al proyecto de investigación “La administración de la cadena de suministro y su relación con el desempeño superior de la organización” a la elaboración de la primera etapa que consiste en la revisión de literatura para la elaboración y revisión del marco teórico de dicha investigación. Este proyecto se centra en el programa de estrategia y empresa en donde se realizará una investigación descriptiva acerca de la administración de la cadena de suministros, con el fin de estudiar la adopción y viabilidad de diferentes estrategias en el interior de las organizaciones, que puedan impactar en su desempeño y por lo tanto, en la competitividad y perdurabilidad de las empresas del sector de prendas de vestir en Colombia.

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Este estudio analiza el efecto del uso de Internet sobre el ingreso laboral, eliminado el problema de endogeneidad que existe por motivos de selección. También se analizan los efectos seg un el lugar de acceso y las actividades realizadas en Internet. Para esto se utiliza Propensity Score Matching, tomando información para Colombia entre el año 2009 a 2011. Los resultados muestran que existe un efecto positivo, significativo y heterogéneo entre trabajadores asalariados y cuenta propia, siendo los últimos los más beneficiados. Con respecto al lugar de uso se encuentra un impacto positivo del uso del Internet en el trabajo y/o en el hogar, con una mayor magnitud en el primer sitio de acceso. Para el tema del manejo del Internet, no se encuentra efecto cuando se utiliza en actividades de entretenimiento, pero si cuando se usa en tareas educativas diariamente. Esto siguiere que usar este servicio aumenta la productividad y el capital humano, lo que se transforma en un incremento en los ingresos. Por tanto, se encuentra que el lugar de uso es una señal informativa para el mercado laboral, mientras que el impacto del manejo de esta herramienta depende de la frecuencia con que se realicen las actividades.

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The institutions that work with the preservation and diffusion of cultural heritage - be them archive, libraries, museums, art galleries or cultural centres - present a certain discourse about reality. To understand this discourse, composed by sound and silence, by fullness and emptiness, by presence and absence, by remembrance and forgetting, an operation is implied, not only with the enunciation of speech and its gaps, but also the comprehension of that which causes to speak, of who is speaking and of the point whence one speaks. Preservation and destruction, or, in another way, conservation and loss, walk hand in hand in the arteries of life. As suggested by Nietzsche (1999, p.273), it is impossible to live without loss, it is entirely impossible to live avoiding destruction to play its game and drive the dynamics of life on. However, by means of a kind of tautological argument, one often justifies preservation by the imminence of loss and memory by the threat of forgetting. Thus, one ceases to consider that the game and the rules of the game between forgetting and memory are not fed by themselves and that preservation and destruction are not opposed in a deadly duel, but instead they complement one another and are always at the service of subjects that build themselves and are built through social practices. To indicate that memories and forgettings can be sown and cultivated corroborates the importance of working towards the denaturalisation of these concepts and towards the understanding that they result from a construction process also involving other forces, such as: power. Power is a sower, a promoter of memories and forgettings.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as concepções escolares, apresentando uma discussão do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico acerca destas construções produzidas no âmbito escolar, através de pesquisa etnográfica, utilizando o grupo focal, levando em conta a formação ideológica (ideias sobre si, o interlocutor e o assunto) e a formação discursiva (as marcas linguísticas, temáticas e de posição ideológica) dos participantes desta pesquisa. Por meio dos posicionamentos nas categorias: identidade, cotidiano e imaginário; pudemos observar que os discursos adquirem sentido à medida que são produzidos e que carregam em si os significados que expressam idéias, sentimentos e comportamentos. As mudanças de sentido ocorrem através de outros discursos que dialogam em um processo de construção e reconstrução. Neste entremeio o indivíduo revela-se inserido sócio-culturalmente. E a escola como espaço dinâmico é preenchida de sentido e dá novos sentidos, ora reproduzindo discursos, ora reconstruindo-os, ora formulando novos. Analisando os dados da pesquisa realizada, apreendemos que os discursos de educadores e educandos são influenciados uns pelos outros, formados pelas práticas cotidianas e pela bagagem social que cada indivíduo tem. Nessa construção mútua no processo de convívio, os papeis estabelecidos pela instituição escolar ganham novos contornos e limites no percalço do ensino-aprendizagem, não podendo separar deste contexto os elementos individuais que a escola torna coletivo e que traçam um caminho discursivo novo e ao mesmo tempo pertencente desde antes aos que fazem parte da escola.

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The RIBA Plan of Work describes the way a construction process should be organized. Although not officially approved by the RIBA council, a new plan of work was published in 2000 with the intention of replacing the RIBA Plan of Work, so it is useful to analyse both in terms of the organizational structure they impose upon construction projects. Using analytical principles from organizational theory, both plans are analysed by converting them into organizational matrices and assessing their relative complexities, the load on participants, decentralization of responsibility, number of interfaces and the extent to which they provide for co-ordination and control. This demonstrates first, that the analysis of organizational structure is an appropriate approach for undertaking comparisons of such documents; and second, that while both plans of work are of roughly equal complexity, the new one is more demanding on the participants; produces a higher number of interfaces between processes, and provides for more co-ordination than the old one. Neither plan deals with controlling the output of individuals, leaving it as an internal matter for each participating organization.

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Using the classical Parzen window estimate as the target function, the kernel density estimation is formulated as a regression problem and the orthogonal forward regression technique is adopted to construct sparse kernel density estimates. The proposed algorithm incrementally minimises a leave-one-out test error score to select a sparse kernel model, and a local regularisation method is incorporated into the density construction process to further enforce sparsity. The kernel weights are finally updated using the multiplicative nonnegative quadratic programming algorithm, which has the ability to reduce the model size further. Except for the kernel width, the proposed algorithm has no other parameters that need tuning, and the user is not required to specify any additional criterion to terminate the density construction procedure. Two examples are used to demonstrate the ability of this regression-based approach to effectively construct a sparse kernel density estimate with comparable accuracy to that of the full-sample optimised Parzen window density estimate.

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A novel particle swarm optimisation (PSO) tuned radial basis function (RBF) network model is proposed for identification of non-linear systems. At each stage of orthogonal forward regression (OFR) model construction process, PSO is adopted to tune one RBF unit's centre vector and diagonal covariance matrix by minimising the leave-one-out (LOO) mean square error (MSE). This PSO aided OFR automatically determines how many tunable RBF nodes are sufficient for modelling. Compared with the-state-of-the-art local regularisation assisted orthogonal least squares algorithm based on the LOO MSE criterion for constructing fixed-node RBF network models, the PSO tuned RBF model construction produces more parsimonious RBF models with better generalisation performance and is often more efficient in model construction. The effectiveness of the proposed PSO aided OFR algorithm for constructing tunable node RBF models is demonstrated using three real data sets.

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An orthogonal forward selection (OFS) algorithm based on the leave-one-out (LOO) criterion is proposed for the construction of radial basis function (RBF) networks with tunable nodes. This OFS-LOO algorithm is computationally efficient and is capable of identifying parsimonious RBF networks that generalise well. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is fully automatic and the user does not need to specify a termination criterion for the construction process.