Colour changes by laser irradiation of reddish building limestones

We have used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as a novel method to investigate the causes of colour changes in a reddish limestone under irradiation by a Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser. We irradiated clean dry and wet surfaces of Pidramuelle Roja, a building stone frequently used in the Asturian heritage, at fluences ranging from 0.12 to 1.47 J cm−2. We measured the colour coordinates and undertook XPS analysis of the state of oxidation of iron both before and after irradiation. Visible colour changes and potential aesthetic damage occurred on dry surfaces from a fluence of 0.31 J cm−2, with the stone showing a greening effect and very intense darkening. The colour change on dry surfaces was considerably higher than on wet surfaces, which at the highest fluence (1.47 J cm−2) was also above the human visual detection threshold. The use of XPS demonstrated that the change in colour (chroma and hue) is associated with a reduction in the iron oxidation state on dry surfaces during laser irradiation. This points out to a potential routinary use of XPS to analyse causes of colour changes during laser cleaning in other types of coloured building stones.

Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin After Thoracic Transplantation: An Overview

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly complex pathogen which, despite modern prophylactic regimens, continues to affect a high proportion of thoracic organ transplant recipients. The symptomatic manifestations of CMV infection are compounded by adverse indirect effects induced by the multiple immunomodulatory actions of CMV. These include a higher risk of acute rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation, and potentially bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients, with a greater propensity for opportunistic secondary infections. Prophylaxis for CMV using antiviral agents (typically oral valganciclovir or intravenous ganciclovir) is now almost universal, at least in high-risk transplants (D+/R-). Even with extended prophylactic regimens, however, challenges remain. The CMV events can still occur despite antiviral prophylaxis, including late-onset infection or recurrent disease, and patients with ganciclovir-resistant CMV infection or who are intolerant to antiviral therapy require alternative strategies. The CMV immunoglobulin (CMVIG) and antiviral agents have complementary modes of action. High-titer CMVIG preparations provide passive CMV-specific immunity but also exert complex immunomodulatory properties which augment the antiviral effect of antiviral agents and offer the potential to suppress the indirect effects of CMV infection. This supplement discusses the available data concerning the immunological and clinical effects of CMVIG after heart or lung transplantation

Acta eruditorum : anno ... publicata

Mode of access: Internet.

Georgii Paschii Gedanensis ... De novis inventis quorum accuratiori cultui facem praetulit antiquitas, tractatus : secundum ductum disciplinarum ... concinnatus

Mode of access: Internet.

Il libro di Giobbe /

Mode of access: Internet.

Vita del venerabile padre Giovanni Leonardi fondatore della Congregazione de' Chierici regolari della Madre Dio /

Mode of access: Internet.

Ulrico e Lida : novella /

Mode of access: Internet.

Sulla difesa d'Italia /

Cover title.

Risposte piacevoli e curiose /

Signatures: ², A-2K⁴, a-d⁴.

Regolamento per la Regia Università e per tutte le scuole del Ducato di Genova.

Mode of access: Internet.

La pioggia d'oro ; e, La fuggitiva : poesie in dialetto milanese /

Mode of access: Internet.

Don Libero all'inferno; canti quattro.

Against Felice Romani, a critic of Grossi's I Lombardi alla prima crociata.

Ausgewählte Werke des kurfürstlich bayerischen Concertmeister Evaristo Felice dall'Abaco (1675-1742) ...

No more published.

Guida alle cascine, e vigne del territorio di Torino e' suoi contorni /

Imprint in vol. 2 colophon: Torino 1791. Presso i libraj Guibert, ed Orgeas ... [e] Ignazio Giuseppe Genova ...

Le ville tvscvlane nell'epoca classica e dopo il rinascimento : la villa dei Qvintili e la villa di Mondragone /

Plans inside back cover.