Assessment of total cardiovascular risk in hypertensive subjects

<b>Valtimotautiriskin arviointi verenpainepotilailla</b> Valtimotaudit ovat yleisin kuolinsyy koko maailmassa. V��est��n elintapojen muuttuminen ja ik����ntyminen uhkaavat edelleen lis��t�� valtimotautien esiintyvyytt��. Kokem��enjokilaakson valtimotautien ehk��isyprojektin tavoitteena oli l��yt���� 45���70-vuotiaasta v��est��st�� henkil��t, joilla on kohonnut riski sairastua valtimotauteihin. Kaksivaiheisen seulontamenetelm��n avulla voitiin terveydenhoitajan antama elintapaneuvonta kohdistaa riskihenkil��ihin ja rajoittaa l����k��rin vastaanoton tarve niihin potilaisiin, jotka todenn��k��isesti hy��tyv��t ennaltaehk��isev��st�� l����kityksest��. Suomalainen tyypin 2 diabeteksen sairastumisriskin arviointikaavake ja hoitajan toteama kohonnut verenpaine osoittautuivat k��yt��nn��llisiksi menetelmiksi seuloa v��est��st�� riskihenkil��it��. Valtimotautien ehk��isyprojektissa Harjavallassa ja Kokem��ell�� todettiin verenpainetauti 1 106 henkil��ll��, jotka eiv��t sairastaneet valtimotautia tai aiemmin todettua diabetesta. Heid��n tutkimustulostensa avulla voidaan arvioida kohonneen verenpaineen vaikutusta sokeriaineenvaihduntaan ja verenpaineen aiheuttamiin kohde-elinvaurioihin. Sokeriaineenvaihdunnan h��iri��t ovat verenpainetautia sairastavilla yleisempi�� kuin v��est��ss�� muutoin. K��ytt��m��ll�� metabolisen oireyhtym��n kriteerej�� sokerirasituskokeen suorittamisen edellytyksen�� voidaan tutkimusten m����r���� v��hent���� kolmanneksella ja silti l��yt���� l��hes kaikki diabetesta tai sen esiastetta sairastavat verenpainepotilaat. Verenpainepotilaista etenkin metabolista oireyhtym���� sairastavilla naisilla on suurentunut munuaisten vajaatoiminnan riski. Jos verenpainepotilaan munuaisten toimintaa arvioidaan pelk��st����n plasman kreatiniini -arvon perusteella, kolme nelj��st�� munuaisten vajaatoimintaa potevasta j���� toteamatta verrattuna laskennallisen glomerulusten suodattumisnopeuden m����ritykseen seulontamenetelm��n��. Joka kolmannella verenpainetautia sairastavalla voidaan todeta alaraajavaltimoiden kovettumista; useammin niill��, joiden yl��- ja alaverenpaineen erotus, pulssipaine on yli 65 mmHg. Verenpainetauti on itsen��inen perifeerisen valtimotaudin vaaratekij��. Tutkimuksessa k��ytetty menetelm�� nilkka-olkavarsipainesuhteen m����ritt��miseksi soveltunee hyvin perusterveydenhuollon k��ytt����n riskihenkil��iden l��yt��miseksi. Valtimotautien kokonaisriskin arviointimenetelm��t tai uuden riskitekij��n, herk��n C-reaktiivisen proteiinin m����ritys eiv��t voi korvata kohde-elinvaurioiden mittaamista verenpainepotilaan valtimotautiriskin huolellisessa arvioinnissa.

Ankle-brachial index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and endothelial function in a cardiovascular risk population

Atherosclerotic vascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Western world. Its main three manifestations are coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease is usually diagnosed using the ankle brachial index, and values ��� 0.90 are used to determine the diagnosis. The classical risk factors of peripheral arterial disease, such as smoking and diabetes, are well known and early interventions are mandatory to improve the prognosis. What is not well known is the role of inflammation as a risk factor. Yet, a novel approach to cardiovascular diseases is the measurement of endothelial function. In this thesis, we studied the ankle-brachial index, C-reactive protein and endothelial function in a cardiovascular risk population. A total of 2856 subjects were invited to the study and 2085 (73%) responded. From these subjects, a cohort of 1756 risk persons was screened. We excluded the subjects with previously known cardiovascular disease or diabetes, because they were already under systematic follow-up. Out of the study subjects, 983 (56%) were women and 773 (44%) men. The ankle brachial index and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured from 1047 subjects. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring reactive hyperemia pulse amplitude tonometry from 66 subjects with borderline peripheral arterial disease. In this study, smoking was a crucial risk factor for peripheral arterial disease. Subclinical peripheral arterial disease seems to be more common in hypertensive patients even without comorbidities. The measurement of the ankle brachial index is an efficient method to identify patients at an increased cardiovascular risk. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein did not correlate with the ankle brachial index or peripheral arterial disease. Instead, it correlated with measures of obesity. In a cardiovascular risk population with borderline peripheral arterial disease, nearly every fourth subject had endothelial dysfunction. This might point out a subgroup of individuals in need of more intensive treatment for their risk factors.

Cardiovascular risk in middle-aged breast cancer survivors: a comparison between two risk models

PURPOSE: It was to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in breast cancer survivors (BCS).METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 67 BCS, aged 45 -65 years, who underwent complete oncological treatment, but had not received hormone therapy, tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors during the previous 6 months. Lipid profile and CVD risk were evaluated, the latter using the Framingham and Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) models. The agreement between cardiovascular risk models was analyzed by calculating a kappa coefficient and its 95% confidence interval (CI).RESULTS: Mean subject age was 53.2��6.0 years, with rates of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia of 25, 34 and 90%, respectively. The most frequent lipid abnormalities were high total cholesterol (70%), high LDL-C (51%) and high non-HDL-C (48%) concentrations. Based on the Framingham score, 22% of the participants had a high risk for coronary artery disease. According to the SCORE model, 100 and 93% of the participants were at low risk for fatal CVD in populations at low and high risk, respectively, for CVD. The agreement between the Framingham and SCORE risk models was poor (kappa: 0.1; 95%CI 0.01 -0.2) for populations at high risk for CVD.CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate the need to include lipid profile and CVD risk assessment in the follow-up of BCS, focusing on adequate control of serum lipid concentrations.

Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Sociodemographic Features on Cardiovascular Disease. Mortality and Morbidity in Finland

Despite declining trends in morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular diseases have a considerable impact on Finnish public health. A goal in Finnish health policy is to reduce inequalities in health and mortality among population groups. The aim of this study was to assess inequalities in cardiovascular diseases according to socioeconomic status (SES), language groups and other sociodemographic characteristics. The main data source was generated from events in 35-99 year-old men and women registered in the population-based FINMONICA and FINAMI myocardial infarction registers during the years ranging from 1988-2002. Information on population group characteristics was obtained from Statistics Finland. Additional data were derived from the FINMONICA and FINSTROKE stroke registers and the FINRISK Study. SES, measured by income level, was a major determinant of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) mortality. Among middle-aged men, the 28-day mortality rate of the lowest group of six income groups was 5.2 times and incidence 2.7 times as high when compared to the highest income group. Among women, the differences were even larger. Among the unmarried, the incidence of ACS was approximately 1.6 times as high and their prognosis was significantly worse than among married persons - both in men and women and independent of age. Higher age-standardized attack rates of ACS and stroke were found among Finnish-speaking compared to Swedish-speaking men in Turku and these differences could not be completely explained by SES. In these language groups, modest differences were found in traditional risk factor levels possibly explaining part of the found morbidity and mortality inequality. In conclusion, there are considerable differences in the morbidity and mortality of ACS and stroke between socioeconomic and sociodemographic groups, in Finland. Focusing measures to reduce the excess morbidity and mortality, in groups at high risk, could decrease the economic burden of cardiovascular diseases and thus be an important public health goal in Finland.

Effect of sildenafil citrate on the cardiovascular system

Sildenafil citrate is a drug commonly used to manage erectile dysfunction. It is designated chemically as 1-[[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H -pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4 ethoxyphenyl] sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate (C22H30N6O4 S). It is a highly selective inhibitor of cyclic guanine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase type 5. In late March through mid-November 1998, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a report on 130 confirmed deaths among men (mean age, 64 years) who received prescriptions for sildenafil citrate, a period during which >6 million outpatient prescriptions (representing about 50 million tablets) were dispensed. The US FDA recently reported that significant cardiovascular events, including sudden cardiac death, have occurred in men with erectile dysfunction who were taking sildenafil citrate. These reports have raised concerns that sildenafil citrate may increase the risk of cardiovascular events, particularly fatal arrhythmias, in patients with cardiovascular disease. In the past few years, the cardiac electrophysiological effects of sildenafil citrate have been investigated extensively in both animal and clinical studies. According to extensive data available to date, sildenafil citrate has been shown to pose minimal cardiovascular risks to healthy people taking this drug. Some precautions are needed for patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, the only absolute contraindication for sildenafil citrate is the concurrent use of nitrates. This article is intended to review sildenafil citrate's cardiovascular effects, as well as current debates about its arrhythmogenic effects.

Air pollution and cardiovascular hospital admissions in a medium-sized city in S��o Paulo State, Brazil

The objective of the present study was to estimate the contribution of environmental pollutants to hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease. A time series ecological study was conducted on subjects aged over 60 years and living in S��o Jos�� dos Campos, Brazil, with a population near 700,000 inhabitants. Hospital admission data of public health patients (SUS) were obtained from DATASUS for the period between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2006, according to the ICD-10 diagnoses I20 to I22 and I24. Particulate matter with less than 10 ��m in aerodynamic diameter, sulfur dioxide and ozone were the pollutants examined, and the control variables were mean temperature and relative humidity. Data on pollutants were obtained from the S��o Paulo State Sanitary Agency. The generalized linear model Poisson regression with lags of up to 5 days was used. There were 1303 hospital admissions during the period. Exposure to particulate matter was significantly associated with hospitalization for cardiovascular disease 3 days after exposure (RR = 1.006; 95%CI = 1.000 to 1.010) and an increase of 16 ��g/m�� was associated with a 10% increase in risk of hospitalization; other pollutants were not associated with hospitalization. Thus, it was possible to identify the role of exposure to particulate matter as an environmental pollutant in hospitalization for cardiovascular disease in a medium-sized city inSoutheastern Brazil.

Cardiovascular and autonomic modulation by the central nervous system after aerobic exercise training

The autonomic nervous system plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis under normal and pathological conditions. The sympathetic tone, particularly for the cardiovascular system, is generated by sympathetic discharges originating in specific areas of the brainstem. Aerobic exercise training promotes several cardiovascular adjustments that are influenced by the central areas involved in the output of the autonomic nervous system. In this review, we emphasize the studies that investigate aerobic exercise training protocols to identify the cardiovascular adaptations that may be the result of central nervous system plasticity due to chronic exercise. The focus of our study is on some groups of neurons involved in sympathetic regulation. They include the nucleus tractus solitarii, caudal ventrolateral medulla and the rostral ventrolateral medulla that maintain and regulate the cardiac and vascular autonomic tonus. We also discuss studies that demonstrate the involvement of supramedullary areas in exercise training modulation, with emphasis on the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, an important area of integration for autonomic and neuroendocrine responses. The results of these studies suggest that the beneficial effects of physical activity may be due, at least in part, to reductions in sympathetic nervous system activity. Conversely, with the recent association of physical inactivity with chronic disease, these data may also suggest that increases in sympathetic nervous system activity contribute to the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases associated with a sedentary lifestyle.

Percent body fat is a better predictor of cardiovascular risk factors than body mass index

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the predictive values of percent body fat (PBF) and body mass index (BMI) for cardiovascular risk factors, especially when PBF and BMI are conflicting. BMI was calculated by the standard formula and PBF was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. A total of 3859 ambulatory adult Han Chinese subjects (2173 males and 1686 females, age range: 18-85 years) without a history of cardiovascular diseases were recruited from February to September 2009. Based on BMI and PBF, they were classified into group 1 (normal BMI and PBF, N = 1961), group 2 (normal BMI, but abnormal PBF, N = 381), group 3 (abnormal BMI, but normal PBF, N = 681), and group 4 (abnormal BMI and PBF, N = 836). When age, gender, lifestyle, and family history of obesity were adjusted, PBF, but not BMI, was correlated with blood glucose and lipid levels. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for cardiovascular risk factors in groups 2 and 4 were 1.88 (1.45-2.45) and 2.06 (1.26-3.35) times those in group 1, respectively, but remained unchanged in group 3 (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 0.92-1.89). Logistic regression models also demonstrated that PBF, rather than BMI, was independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion, PBF, and not BMI, is independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors, indicating that PBF is a better predictor.

Erectile dysfunction in cardiovascular risk population

The inability to achieve and to maintain erection, erectile dysfunction, is a bothersome symptom of elderly men. Moreover, there is a high comorbidity between cardiovascular diseases and erectile dysfunction. However, very little is known concerning the risk factors of ED in apparently healthy men without comorbidities affecting the arteries. A cross-sectional population survey was conducted from August 2005 to September 2007 in two rural towns of Harjavalta and Kokem��ki in Finland. Excluding those with previously diagnosed cardiovascular diseases, diabetes or chronic kidney disease, every community-dwelling inhabitant was invited to take part in the survey. Of the 2939 45- to 70-year-old men invited, 2049 responded. Selecting those at risk for cardiovascular diseases, 1000 eligible men were examined. According to the International Index of Erectile Function short form 57% of the studied men reported erectile dysfunction. Increasing age, smoking, depressive symptoms, decreasing pulmonary function, sedentary lifestyle, non-marital status and low education level were associated with increasing risk of erectile dysfunction. However, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia were not associated with erectile dysfunction, although these associations have been described in numerous previous studies. Moreover, erectile dysfunction was not associated with increasing risk of pre-diabetes. In apparently healthy men, increasing age, smoking, depressive symptoms, decreasing pulmonary function, sedentary lifestyle, non-marital status, low education level but not hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes or pre-diabetes were associated with increasing risk of erectile dysfunction.

Clinical and genetic markers in disease progression ��� a study among subjects with obstructive lung diseases

Asthma, COPD, and asthma and COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) are chronic pulmonary diseases with an obstructive component. In COPD, the obstruction is irreversible and the disease is progressive. The aim of the study was to define and analyze factors that affected disease progression and patients��� well-being, prognosis and mortality in Chronic Airway Disease (CAD) cohort. The main focus was on COPD and ACOS patients. Retrospective data from medical records was combined with genetic and prospective follow-up data. Smoking is the biggest risk factor for COPD and even after the diagnosis of the disease, smoking plays an important role in disease development and patient���s prognosis. Sixty percent of the COPD patients had succeeded in smoking cessation. Patients who had managed to quit smoking had lower mortality rates and less psychiatric diseases and alcohol abuse although they were older and had more cardiovascular diseases than patients who continued smoking. Genetic polymorphism rs1051730 in the nicotinic acethylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA3/5) associated with heavy smoking, cancer prevalence and mortality in two Finnish independent cohorts consisting of COPD patients and male smokers. Challenges in smoking cessation and higher mortality rates may be partly due to individual patient���s genetic composition. Approximately 50% of COPD patients are physically inactive and the proportion was higher among current smokers. Physically active and inactive patients didn���t differ from each other in regard to age, gender or comorbidities. Bronchial obstruction explained inactivity only in severe disease. Subjective sensation of dyspnea, however, had very strong association to inactivity and was also associated to low health related quality of life (HRQoL). ACOS patients had a significantly lower HRQoL than either the patients with asthma or with COPD even though they were younger than COPD patients, had better lung functions and smaller tobacco exposure.

Morbidity characteristics related to cardiovascular outcomes in French Canadian Families of the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec

PROBL��MATIQUE: L���Organisation Mondiale de la Sant�� (OMS) consid��re les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCVs) comme l'hypertension, la maladie coronarienne (par exemple, infarctus du myocarde), l'insuffisance cardiaque ainsi que les accidents c��r��brovasculaires, parmi les principales causes de mortalit�� dans le monde. Les MCVs sont des maladies multifactorielles caract��ris��es par des interactions complexes entre le g��nome et l'environnement et dont la pr��valence augmente rapidement dans toutes les populations du globe, ce qui vient compliquer d'autant l'��tude de leurs bases h��r��ditaires. Nos ��tudes pr��c��dentes sur la population fondatrice des familles Canadiennes-fran��aises de la r��gion du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) au Qu��bec ont permis d���obtenir une carte des loci significativement li��s �� des d��terminants qualitatifs et quantitatifs de l���hypertension et ses d��terminants m��taboliques [1, 2]. HYPOTH��SE ET OBJECTIF: Puisque nos donn��es pr��liminaires nous sugg��rent que la mort pr��matur��e cons��cutive aux MCVs poss��de des composantes g��n��tique et environnementale, notre hypoth��se de d��part est que les maladies avec occurrences fatales et non fatales (OF et ONF, respectivement) ont des caract��ristiques distinctes, surtout lorsqu���en lien avec le syst��me CV. Pour r��aliser ce projet, nos objectifs sont d���analyser les causes de morbidit��/mortalit�� d���hypertendus avec ou sans ob��sit�� chez des familles de la r��gion du SLSJ. Nous accomplirons ceci en interrogeant les registres des h��pitaux et de l'��tat civil de m��me que les donn��es g��n��alogiques de 1950 jusqu'�� maintenant. Nous voulons d��crire et ��tudier les OF pour les comparer aux NFO. R��SULTATS: Nous avons identifi�� un total de 3,654 diagnostiques appartenant aux OF et ONF chez les 343 sujets ��tudi��s. Pour les OF, nous avons trouv�� que: (1) un grand total de 1,103 diagnostiques du syst��me circulatoire ont affect�� 299 sujets avec 555 occurrences et 247 premi��res occurrences; (2) 333 des sujets participants ont re��u 1,536 diagnostiques non-CV avec 195 occurrences et 107 premi��res occurrences; (3) 62 diagnostiques de toutes autres causes chez 62 des sujets participants avec 81 occurrences et 11 premi��res occurrences. Pour les ONF: (1) 156 diagnostiques du syst��me circulatoire ont affect�� 105 sujets; (2) 60 diagnostiques de causes non-CV chez 53 des sujets; (3) et 718 diagnostiques de toutes autres causes chez 252 des sujets. Pour les OF, 109 des 333 sujets affect��s par les maladies non-CV et 58 des 62 par toutes autres maladies ��taient atteints simultan��ment par des MCV. Nous avons d��crit les caract��ristiques des maladies avec occurrences fatales et non fatales. Les MCVs pr��dominaient dans les r��sultats des premi��res occurrences et occurrences totales tandis que les maladies non-CV ��taient les plus ��lev��es pour les diagnostiques. De plus, les OF CV ont affect�� 67.1% de notre ��chantillon de population, incluant les sujets co-affect��s par les maladies non-CV ou de toutes autres causes. En fait, nos sujets ont un risque trois fois plus ��lev�� de d��velopper des MCVs (p<0.0001; ��2=1,575.348), tandis qu���il diminue de moiti�� pour les maladies non-CV comparativement au reste de la population du SLSJ (p=0.0006; ��2=11.834). Enfin, le risque de d��velopper des tumeurs malignes est diminu�� de moiti�� dans notre ��chantillon comparativement �� l���incidence r��gionale. CONCLUSION: Cette ��tude a apport�� une nouvelle perspective sur les OF et ONF chez nos sujets de la r��gion SLSJ du Qu��bec apr��s 11 ans. Quand on observe ces r��sultats en conjonction avec les MCVs, ce risque double.

Nuevos factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular en artritis reumatoide

Introducci��n: Dado que la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) es la causa m��s com��n de mortalidad en pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR), el objetivo fue determinar los factores asociados a esta complicaci��n en una serie amplia de pacientes colombianos. Adicionalmente, se efectu�� una revisi��n sistem��tica de la literatura para abordar el estado del arte sobre los factores de riesgo no tradicionales para la ECV en AR. M��todos: Estudio anal��tico, de tipo corte transversal en el que 800 pacientes colombianos con AR se evaluaron teniendo en cuenta variables asociadas a ECV. Se siguieron las pautas de los elementos de Informaci��n Preferidos para Revisiones Sistem��ticas y Meta-an��lisis (PRISMA). Resultados: Colesterol ���200 mg/dL (OR 3.44; IC 95% 2.21-5.38; p<0.0001), ��ndice de masa corporal anormal (OR 1.70; IC 95% 1.12-2.58; p=0.011), fueron factores de riesgo tradicionales significativamente asociados con ECV en estos pacientes. Como factores no tradicionales de riesgo, autoinmunidad familiar (OR 2.03; IC 95% 1.13-3.65; p=0.017), m��s de 10 a��os de enfermedad (OR 2.12; IC 95% 1.36-3.29; p=0.001), trabajadores en las tareas del hogar (OR 2.29; IC 95% 1.45-3.61; p<0.0001), uso de esteroides sist��micos (OR 2.51; IC 95% 1.18-5.37; p=0.017) se asociaron con ECV en nuestra poblaci��n. A trav��s de la revisi��n sistem��tica varios factores y resultados relacionados con las ECV fueron confirmados e identificados. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo tradicionales no explican completamente las altas tasas de ECV en los pacientes con AR. As��, factores de riesgo no tradicionales, relacionados con autoinmunidad se reconocen ahora y act��an sin��rgicamente, como predictores de esta comorbilidad.

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en ni��os de 3 a 17 a��os

Introducci��n: Los factores de riesgo de la enfermedad cardiovascular (FRECV) pueden estar presentes desde la infancia y predicen la enfermedad cardiovascular del adulto. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de FRECV en ni��os de 3 a 17 a��os hijos de Enfermeras de la Fundaci��n CardioInfantil - Instituto de cardiolog��a (FCI). M��todos: Estudio de corte transversal anal��tico. Resultados: 118 ni��os, edad promedio 7,4 a��os, desviaci��n est��ndar 3,86, la mayor��a eutr��ficos 72,0%. Presentaron FRECV como malos h��bitos alimenticios 89,0%, sedentarismo 78,8%, exposici��n a tabaco 19,5%, historia familiar de riesgo cardiovascular 16,1%, sobrepeso 15,3% y obesidad 12,7%. No se encontraron diferencias entre factores de riesgo entre ni��os y ni��as.El sedentarismo en ni��os con sobrepeso u obesidad fue del 90,9% y en ni��os eutr��ficos del 36,5%. Los malos h��bitos alimentarios en ni��os con sobrepeso u obesidad fueron 84,8% y en ni��os eutr��ficos 42,4%. Los adolescentes presentaron una mayor exposici��n a tabaco en comparaci��n con los preescolares y escolares, al igual que una mayor proporci��n de malos h��bitos alimenticios en comparaci��n con ambos grupos. De la totalidad de la poblaci��n de estudio, el 97,5% present�� al menos un FRECV, y el 42,4% 3 o m��s FRECV. La presencia de ���3 FRECV fue mayor en obesos al compararlos con los ni��os en sobrepeso y eutr��ficos. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio indican que los ni��os de 3 a 17 a��os evaluados presentan una alta carga de FRECV, en especial en aquellos con sobrepeso y obesidad.

Prevalencia de obesidad y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud - universidad del Quind��o - 2013

ANTECEDENTES: En Colombia, reportes del a��o 2010 de la Encuesta Nacional de la Situaci��n en Nutrici��n ENSIN 2010(2), muestran uno de cada dos colombianos, presentan un ��ndice de masa corporal mayor al esperado (3) METODO: El presente estudio de corte transversal, determino la prevalencia de obesidad y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una poblaci��n de estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud de una Universidad regional en el primer periodo acad��mico del a��o 2013. El tama��o de muestra fue n=113 sujetos que corresponden 60,5% a la carrera de medicina y 39,95% a enfermer��a. Con el fin de conocer su comportamiento con respecto a h��bitos y estilos de vida espec��ficos como el consumo de alcohol, el consumo de tabaco y el sedentarismo, as�� como su asociaci��n a eventos inflamatorios relacionados con la fisiopatolog��a de los procesos de salud asociados al peso, por medio de instrumentos de medici��n cl��nica, antropom��trica y s��rica, determino un modelo estad��stico propicio para entender el comportamiento de la obesidad y la enfermedad Cardiovascular RESULTADOS: La prevalencia estimada de sobrepeso y obesidad por ��ndice de Masa Corporal (IMC), fue del 27,7% (IC 95%: 19.9%,37.2%); por el per��metro abdominal (OBPABD) se encontr�� una prevalencia estimada del 27,4% (IC 95%: 19,9% ��� 36,4%), y la prevalencia con el ��ndice Cintura Cadera (OBICC) fue de 3,5% (IC 95%:1,3% ��� 9,3%). CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de h��bitos no saludables y la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad se considera que es necesario en primera instancia una valoraci��n general de estado nutricional de los universitarios de las diferentes facultados y plantear estrategias preventivas ya que la literatura documenta los efectos de los h��bitos no saludables sino adem��s documenta los efectos de la prevenci��n de la misma ya que en si se ha encontrado asociaci��n para enfermedades cardiovasculares. Se propone que para obtener mayor informaci��n del comportamiento de los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares se deber��an realizar estudios retrospectivos en el que intervengan las dem��s carreras de la universidad y poder evaluar la totalidad de poblaci��n universitaria