Distribuição espacial de Phytophthora nicotianae da cultura da cebola em amostras de solo e reação de cultivares ao patógeno

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização da vegetação arbórea e atributos do solo da Reserva Biológica de Pindorama, SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em área de cerrado degradado em processo de revegetação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diagnóstico Físico Conservacionista de 10 Microbacias do Rio Capivara – Botucatu (SP), Visando O Uso Racional do Solo

A região onde está inserida a área de estudo, tem sofrido explorações predatórias e má utilização do solo. Áreas antes ocupadas por cerrados, campos sujo e limpo foram substituídas pelos reflorestamentos com eucalipto, devido aos incentivos fiscais e a instalação de companhias reflorestadoras na região, pelo baixo valor das terras e baixa fertilidade do solo; mas com um grande potencial para o desenvolvimento de essências florestais. O presente trabalho visou a elaboração do Diagnóstico Físico Conservacionista da bacia do rio Capivara - Botucatu (SP), baseada no parâmetro ambiental “Coeficiente de Rugosidade”, tendo-se por unidade de estudo 10 microbacias. Os resultados obtidos com a metodologia utilizada, no estudo da bacia do rio Capivara - Botucatu (SP), para o diagnóstico físico conservacionista permitiram mostrar que o grau de deterioração físico ambiental para a bacia foi 44,34%, muito acima do limite de 10% aceitável. O alto valor do grau de deterioração, provavelmente, foi devido ao mau uso da terra que vem provocando erosões, assoreamentos de reservatórios e cursos d’águas. O parâmetro ambiental médio “coeficiente de rugosidade” para as dez microbacias do rio Capivara, permitiu classificá-las para utilização com agricultura e urbanização, pecuária e reflorestamento; ou seja, indicou que a vocação principal desta é para uso com pecuária (Classe B); as classes de declive de 0 a 12% (Classe III) e de 12 a 20% (Classe IV), respectivamente, predominaram em 62,95% e 27,00% da área total das microbacias estudadas, ocorrendo em na sua maior parte nas unidades de solo LVA (46,56%) e RQ (19,86%). A predominância de florestas, capoeiras e pastagens nas microbacias, provavelmente é reflexo da predominância de solos de baixa fertilidade. - As imagens do Sensor TM do LANDSAT 5, permitiram o mapeamento do uso da terra da bacia de maneira rápida, que segundo o índice Kappa foi de boa qualidade (0,45), além de fornecer um banco de dados para futuros planejamentos nessa área. O SIG - IDRISI permitiu constatar através de seus diferentes módulos para georreferenciamento, classificação digital do uso da terra e modelo matemático, as áreas de uso da terra com rapidez. Os parâmetros, coeficientes de forma e circularidade mostraram que as microbacias apresentam baixo perigo de enchentes devido ao seu formato, bem como, o coeficiente de rugosidade permitiu classificar as microbacias 1, 2, 3, 4 e 8 com vocação para agricultura; as 6 e 7 para pecuária; a 5 para pecuária e reflorestamento e as 9 e 10 para floresta e reflorestamento.

Adubação fosfatada no crescimento inicial e na nutrição de mudas de pinhão-manso

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is a perennial oilseed species that has aroused economic interest for biodiesel production. Among other factors, it is essential to determine the nutritional demands of this species to facilitate raising it as a crop. This study aimed to evaluate the early growth and mineral nutrition of physic nut, as well as soil fertility, as affected by phosphorus fertilization. The study was carried out in a plastic greenhouse in a completely randomized block experimental design with four replicates. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with 50 dm³ of Latossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Hapludox). Application rates of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3 of P were tested, plus a control. Evaluations of plant height and root collar diameter were performed monthly. The experiment was ended 150 days after transplant of the seedlings, at which time leaf area, dry weight, leaf contents and total accumulation of macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were performed, and soil chemical properties were analyzed. We concluded that absence of P fertilization alone is as limiting to early growth of physic nut as simultaneous absence of soil amendment and fertilization. The rate of 57 mg dm-3 of P may be recommended for initial growth of physic nut. The total accumulation of nutrients in physic nut seedlings exhibited the following order: K>N>Mg>Ca>P>S>Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu. Phosphorus fertilization resulted in increased soil cation exchange capacity (CEC).

Balanço de potássio no sistema solo-planta influenciado pela textura e adubação potássica em solos tropicais

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Modelagem e quantificação da incerteza espacial do potássio disponível no solo por simulações estocásticas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Uso fertilizante do subproduto da agroindústria processadora de goiabas I: atributos químicos do solo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Geotecnologias na avaliação da suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa no município de Várzea Paulista (SP)

The disordered occupation in several cities in Brazil, is very common, especially during the rainy season, there are numerous cases of gravitational mass movements, with deads of human and builds destruction. The main objective of this work was to identify and map areas to mass movements, through the geo, the municipality of Várzea Paulista, the state of Sao Paulo. For the purpose, were prepared thematic maps of slope, geology, pedology, geomorphology and land use and occupation, which were overlaid using ArcGIS GIS Multicriteria Analysis. Each subject received a weight of influence to the outbreak of such processes and the final result was obtained map of susceptibility to mass movements of the city of Várzea Paulista. This survey found that there are many occupied areas within the city that require monitoring of the Government, especially in the rainy months, because they are in very fragile in terms of geological and geomorphological features. Considering that the data on the physical and natural aspects are scarce in the literature for this region, the results obtained in this study as well as the gathering of information of the physical and cartographic products developed, will greatly contribute to the administration of the municipality, subsidies they provide for the proper use planning and land tenure, pointing out the weak areas of the city geotechnical point of view

Atributos físicos de latossolos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar sob sistemas de usos do solo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Acúmulo de nutrientes e decomposição do palhiço de cana em função de doses de vinhaça

Understanding the influence of vinasse application on trash decomposition and its effects on soil chemical attributes and sugar cane culture is essential for the good management of the production system. The objective of this study was to assess the time of decomposition and nutrient cycling of the green ratoon cane's trash, and their effects on soil fertility and technological components of crops, in terms of vinasse doses. The study was developed in the northwest region of Sao Paulo State - Brazil, under Eutrophic Ultisol, using the RB855453 variety. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plot in time. The treatments were composed of four doses of vinasse (0, 50, 100 and 200 m(3) ha(-1)). There was a 20.9% reduction in the amount of crop residue remaining after one year review. The vinasse doses increased the ratoon cane's yield, without interfering in the raw material quality. The green cane system, in which the trash is deposited on the soil and vinasse application, changes the dynamics of the trash decomposition and modifies the soil fertility, contributing positively to the crop yield.

Efeitos da disposição de lodo de ETE de indústria alimentícia no solo: estudo de caso

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Atributos químicos, bioquímicos e microbiológicos em solos com 18 anos de aplicações anuais de lodo de esgoto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Os impactos na qualidade da água e do solo de um manancial tropical do semiárido devido ao uso e ocupação e evento de seca extrema

Human activities alter soil features, causing the deterioration of its quality. Land use and occupation in drainage basins of water supply reservoirs can change the environmental soil quality and, thus, lead to the expansion of the soil potential of being a diffuse pollution source. In the Brazilian semiarid region, the soils are generally shallow with high susceptibility to erosion, favoring the sediment and nutrients input into the superficial waterbodies, contributing to the eutrophication process. Moreover, this region has high temperatures and high evapotranspiration rates, that are generally higher than the precipitation rates, causing a negative hydric balance and big volume losses by evaporation. The water volume reduction increases the nutrients’ concentration and, therefore, exacerbates the eutrophication process, deteriorating the water quality. Thereby, we hypothesized that the eutrophication process of semiarid reservoirs is intensified both by the extreme climatic events of prolonged drought, and by the diffuse pollution due to the basin land use and occupation. The study aimed to test whether the land use and occupation activities of the basin and the severe drought events intensify the eutrophication process of a semiarid tropical reservoir. To verify the influence of human activities carried out in the water supply of drainage basin on the soil quality and the eutrophication process, we conducted the mapping of the kind of use and occupation, as well the calculation of erosion for each activity and the soil quality evaluation of the riparian zone and water quality of the water supply. For the water analyses, the samplings were carried out monthly in the deeper point, near dam. For the soil, deformed composite samples were taken for the physical and chemical attributes analysis, according to the identified land use and occupation classes. The results showed that extreme droughts drastically reduces the water volume and elevates the nutrients concentration, contributing, thus, to a bigger degradation of water quality. Furthermore, we verified that human activities in the drainage basin promote the diffuse pollution, by increasing the soil susceptibility to erosion and nutrients contents. Summarizing, our results support the investigated hypothesis that activities of land use and occupation and extreme drought generate a combined effect that provide the intensification of eutrophication process of semiarid reservoirs.

Atributos do solo sob modelos em estágio inicial de restauração de floresta subtropical

The replacement of native vegetation by other land uses is one of the main degrading ecosystem agents, being the most important component of terrestrial environments, natural or with different levels of human disturbance, besides being the main substrate used by plants to obtain conditions soil for its development. In this context, there is the need to adopt the use and sustainable management of land systems. The study aimed to evaluate what is forest restoration system more efficient degraded areas, based on the potential recovery of physical, chemical, carbon and biological activity in the soil. The work was conducted in a forest restoration area UTFPR- Campus two neighbors, whose experiment was established in October 2010. The experimental design is completely randomized, with four replications and experimental plot of 40 m wide by 54 m long ( 2160 m2) were collected and six sampling points per plot. The soil is classified as a Typic. The models evaluated are: 1 - natural or passive regeneration; 2 - Nucleation; 3 - Planting trees in the total area under lines fill and diversity (total planting); 4 - Reference area (forest). The collection of soil samples in layers of 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m was carried out in October 2013 and evaluated physical attributes of texture, bulk density, total porosity, microporosity and soil macroporosity and stability of water in households, chemical properties, and total organic carbon (TOC) and physical particle size fractionation and soil biological activity. To find the best forest restoration model, we designed a Restoration Quality Weighted Index for each variable analyzed. Natural regeneration and total plantation showed generally better soil aggregation over 0.10 m and nucleation volume of similar porosity the forest for these layers. There were no differences between the models below 0.10 m for the variables aggregation and soil porosity. The nucleation template had the lowest bulk density, but being greater than the density in the layer forest 0.05-0.10 m, however, was similar to below 0.10 m above the ground. The models had chemical properties similar to or greater than the forest. The forest had the highest stock of COT and carbon associated with minerals (CAM), but natural regeneration was similar to the particulate organic carbon (POC) in the superficial layers of the soil (0-0.10 m), below 0, 10 m, the forest showed higher stock of COT and COP on the ground. The highest peak of C-CO2 emissions occurred in the 28-35 day range where the total plantation was similar to forest. After four years of experiments, it was found that the effect of restoration methods on physical attributes and soil carbon restricted to 0.10 m deep.