Brazilian psychiatric brain bank: a new contribution tool to network studies

There is an urgent need for expanding the number of brain banks serving psychiatric research. We describe here the Psychiatric Disorders arm of the Brain Bank of the Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group (Psy-BBBABSG), which is focused in bipolar disorder (BD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Our protocol was designed to minimize limitations faced by previous initiatives, and to enable design-based neurostereological analyses. The Psy-BBBABSG first milestone is the collection of 10 brains each of BD and OCD patients, and matched controls. The brains are sourced from a population-based autopsy service. The clinical and psychiatric assessments were done by an expert team including psychiatrists, through an informant. One hemisphere was perfused-fixed to render an optimal fixation for conducting neurostereological studies. The other hemisphere was comprehensively dissected and frozen for molecular studies. In 20 months, we collected 36 brains. A final report was completed for 14 cases: 3 BDs, 4 major depressive disorders, 1 substance use disorder, 1 mood disorder NOS, 3 obsessive compulsive spectrum symptoms, 1 OCD and 1 schizophrenia. The majority were male (64%), and the average age at death was 67.2 +/- 9.0 years. The average postmortem interval was 16 h. Three matched controls were collected. The pilot stage confirmed that the protocols are well fitted to reach our goals. Our unique autopsy source makes possible to collect a fairly number of high quality cases in a short time. Such a collection offers an additional to the international research community to advance the understanding on neuropsychiatric diseases.

Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for generalized dystonia after bilateral pallidotomy

Background: Thalamotomies and pallidotomies were commonly performed before the deep brain stimulation (DBS) era. Although ablative procedures can lead to significant dystonia improvement, longer periods of analysis reveal disease progression and functional deterioration. Today, the same patients seek additional treatment possibilities. Methods: Four patients with generalized dystonia who previously had undergone bilateral pallidotomy came to our service seeking additional treatment because of dystonic symptom progression. Bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS (B-STN-DBS) was the treatment of choice. The patients were evaluated with the BurkeFahnMarsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale (UDRS) before and 2 years after surgery. Results: All patients showed significant functional improvement, averaging 65.3% in BFMDRS (P = .014) and 69.2% in UDRS (P = .025). Conclusions: These results suggest that B-STN-DBS may be an interesting treatment option for generalized dystonia, even for patients who have already undergone bilateral pallidotomy. (c) 2012 Movement Disorder Society

On vertical electric fields at lunar magnetic anomalies

We study the interaction between a magnetic dipole mimicking the Gerasimovich magnetic anomaly on the lunar surface and the solar wind in a self-consistent 3-D quasi-neutral hybrid simulation where ions are modeled as particles and electrons as a charge-neutralizing fluid. Especially, we consider the origin of the recently observed electric potentials at lunar magnetic anomalies. An antimoonward Hall electric field forms in our simulation resulting in a potential difference of <300V on the lunar surface, in which the value is similar to observations. Since the hybrid model assumes charge neutrality, our results suggest that the electric potentials at lunar magnetic anomalies can be formed by decoupling of ion and electron motion even without charge separation.

3D-modeling of Mercury's solar wind sputtered surface-exosphere environment

The efficiency of sputtered refractory elements by H+ and He++ solar wind ions from Mercury's surface and their contribution to the exosphere are studied for various solar wind conditions. A 3D solar wind-planetary interaction hybrid model is used for the evaluation of precipitation maps of the sputter agents on Mercury's surface. By assuming a global mineralogical surface composition, the related sputter yields are calculated by means of the 2013 SRIM code and are coupled with a 3D exosphere model. Because of Mercury's magnetic field, for quiet and nominal solar wind conditions the plasma can only precipitate around the polar areas, while for extreme solar events (fast solar wind, coronal mass ejections, interplanetary magnetic clouds) the solar wind plasma has access to the entire dayside. In that case the release of particles form the planet's surface can result in an exosphere density increase of more than one order of magnitude. The corresponding escape rates are also about an order of magnitude higher. Moreover, the amount of He++ ions in the precipitating solar plasma flow enhances also the release of sputtered elements from the surface in the exosphere. A comparison of our model results with MESSENGER observations of sputtered Mg and Ca elements in the exosphere shows a reasonable quantitative agreement. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A escola do urbano no campo do município de Catalão/GO : ensino de geografia nas especificidades do lugar

This study makes an approach to the Morro Agudo Community (Cisterna) located in Catalão city(GO) rural area where stands the Maria Bárbara Sucena Municipal School. This school center is a result of getting together several small and isolated schools, which worked, scattered in many rural communities in the region. After this centralization in a single school, many students had to move along inconvenient distance to get their classes. Morro Agudo Community (Cisterna) was outstanding at garlic cultivation throughout the 1990`s when eventually this activity came to a decline. The region is constituted by properties of small tract of land. The landowners come from a Portuguese background and there are, in addit ion, migrant workers from the northeast region of Brazil. These northeasterners work for these local landowners, and that brings an additional meaning to the social relations in the region and to the rural schooling. The social and cultural diversity of the region has a feedback at the school arising tensions in many ways. In the teaching and learning process the school deals with this diversity, combined with rules and goals that, in the end, delivers a geography teaching not able to value the local knowledge accumulated in the region by its own inhabitants. New methodological approaches to rural school communities emerged out of the analysis of these unmet expectations. Furthermore, this study takes into consideration some “residues”, that means not all events are fit into programs; there are unintended consequences in an open process. All these are object of deep review in this doctoral dissertation. In this community, an analysis of the public policies implemented by Federal and municipal governments to rural schools communities in Brazil was conducted. The way in which public policies toward rural communities are implemented at the schools was reviewed; the goals they pursue and the role played by textbooks are also object of analysis. This study questions the relevance of this tools, mainly if they meet the real needs of the local people. The social representations of teachers and students are considered carefully based on their everyday lives and experiences.

Kuopus ja muita kertomuksia

Kannen signeeraus: Kgm.

Uso de indicadores bioquímicos na qualidade fisiológica de sementes florestais

The scientific research in seed technology is based on techniques that aim the reduction of costs and time, standardization, improvement and establishment of analytical methods while maintaining a high level of reliability of the results. This study sought to elucidate the reliability of electrical conductivity and pH of the exudate compared to the classic germination test, which was developed in two separate studies, however interrelated with each other, as to their final goals. The experimental material of this study consisted of seeds of the species Aspidosperma parvifolium (guatambu), Aspidosperma polyneuron (peroba-rosa), Cabralea canjerana (canjerana), Cariniana legalis (jequitibá), Gallesia integrifolia (pau-d'alho), Handroanthus chrysotrichus (ipê-amarelo), Lonchocarpus campestris (rabo-de-bugio) and Pterogyne nitens (amendoim-do-campo). The physiological quality of the studied seed species was evaluated through the electrical conductivity and pH test of the exudate by mass and individual methods being compared and correlated with the results obtained in the germination test. In addition to the tested methods, imbibition periods of the seeds were evaluated for conductivity and pH, which corresponded to 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 and 48 hours. The electrical conductivity test was efficient in both of the used methods to evaluate the physiological quality of the studied seed species when compared to the standard germination test. The pH test of the exudate applied by the individual method was more efficient and thorough to evaluate the physiological quality of the studied seed species, than the mass method. For the species Gallesia integrifolia, Cariniana legalis and Lonchocarpus campestris the pH tests of the exudate tests were not efficient due to poor or absent correlation between germination and pH.

Kuinka Nato-kortit muuttuivat jokereiksi? – kansanedustajien Nato-kuvan kehitys integraation ajastapäättäväisen päättämättömyyden kauteen

Tutkielmassa selvitetään kansanedustajien Nato-kuvan kehittymistä 1990-luvun alusta 2000-luvun ensimmäisen kymmenvuotiskauden loppuun. Pääaineistona ovat olleet viiden turvallisuus- ja puolustuspoliittisen selonteon eduskuntakeskustelujen pöytäkirjat (-95,-97,-01,-04 ja -09). Tutkielmassa esitetään, että kansanedustajien Nato-kuvaa hallitsi 1990-luvulla EU-integraation vaihe, jolloin Suomenkin suunta näytti käyvän kaikenkattavaan, myös Natoon suuntaavaan integraatioon EU:n ja Länsi-Euroopan unionin (WEU) kautta. Vuoden 2001 keskusteluissa Nato-jäsenyys sai eniten tilaa ja Euroopan puolustus näytti toteutuvan laajenevan Naton kautta. 2000-luvulla Nato-optio alkaa hallita ja padota eduskunnan Nato-keskustelua. Kansanedustajien Nato-kantojen ”ison kuvan” kannalta keskeisiä ovat erityisesti SDP:n ja Keskustan edustajat. Kokoomuksen ja Vasemmistoliiton edustajat ovat olleet johdonmukaisempia. Kokoomuksen edustajat ovat selkeimmin kannattaneet Nato-jäsenyyttä, kun taas Vasemmistoliitossa ollaan kylmän sodan jälkeen useimmin vastustettu kansainvälistä puolustuksellista yhteistyötä poislukien YK:n itse toteuttamat operaatiot. Sen sijaan SDP:n ja Keskustan edustajat tuntuivat 2000-luvun alkuvuosina ajautuneen niin sanotun optiopolitiikan kannattajiksi. Vielä 1990-luvulla keskustalaiset vierastivat optiota. 1990-luvun keskusteluissa kokoomuslaiset taas kannattivat Nato-vaihtoehdon varaamista kääntyen kriittisemmiksi optiota kohtaan 2000-luvulla. Myöhempi optiokanta on kautta puoluekentän tarkoittanut Nato-kannan pidättämistä ja vetoamista vallitsevan muotoilun toimivuuteen. Sen sijaan vuosien 2004 ja 2009 selontekojen yhteydessä erityisesti Keskustan ja SDP:n edustajien valtavirta puolusti niin oppositiossa kuin hallituksessakin Suomen muuttumatonta mahdollisuutta hakea Naton jäsenyyttä. Perimmäisen Nato-kannan panttaaminen provosoikin kysymyksen, oliko lukuisissa edustajissa sympatiaa Natoa kohtaan, jota nämä eivät vain tunnusta. Kiinnostava jatkotutkimushaaste olisi selvittää, miksi optiopolitiikka aikoinaan vakiintui. Tutkielma päätyy pohtimaan, että 1990-luvun integraatiorynnistyksen jälkeisille vuosien 2001–2004 selontekojen väliselle kaudelle ajoittui Natoon kytkeytyvä negatiivisen vaikuttamisen tiivistymä ajaen erityisesti sosiaalidemokraattiset ja keskustalaiset kansanedustajat Nato-kantansa piilottamiseen, joka siis käytännössä ilmeni option korostamisena. Samassa vaiheessa esille nousee myös ns. Irak Gaten rooli vaikuttajana suomalaisessa Nato-keskustelussa, jonka pohdinta on tähän mennessä ollut pitkälti Pekka Ervastin Irak-Gate-kirjan (2004) maininnan varassa. Tutkielma päätyy pohtimaan vuosien 2001–2004 välillä tapahtuneen Nato-vaikuttamisen ja yhä nykyisenkin Nato-keskustelun valtavirran kumpuavan puolue- ja vaalitaktisista sisäpoliittisista syistä eikä Suomen kansainvälisen politiikan tai turvallisuuspolitiikan lähtökohdista.

Revitalização do espaço urbano e a paisagem

Dissertação de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura com Especialização em Planeamento Urbano e Territorial, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.

Leguminosas de inverno: alternativa para a região dos cerrados.

2016

Uso de dexmedetomidina como tratamiento coadyuvante de síndrome de abstinencia alcohólica: revisión sistemática

El objetivo de este estudio es establecer si la dexmedetomidina (DEX) es segura y efectiva para el manejo coadyuvante de síndrome de abstinencia a alcohol (SAA) a través de la búsqueda de evidencia científica. Metodología: se realiza una revisión sistemática de literatura publicada y no publicada desde enero de 1989 hasta febrero 2016 en PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Bireme, Cochrane library y en otras bases de datos y portales. Los criterios de inclusión fueron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y no aleatorizados, estudios cuasi-experimentales, estudios de cohorte, y estudios de casos y controles; que incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años hospitalizados con diagnóstico de SAA y donde se usó DEX como terapia coadyuvante. Resultados: 7 estudios, 477 pacientes, se incluyeron en el análisis final. Se encontraron dos ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, tres estudios de casos y controles y dos estudios de cohorte retrospectivo. Solo uno de los estudios fue doble ciego y utilizó placebo como comparador. Análisis y conclusiones: en los estudios experimentales se determinan que el uso de DEX como terapia coadyuvante en el manejo de SAA tiene significancia clínica y estadística para disminuir dosis de BZD en las primeras 24 horas de tratamiento; pero no demostraron tener otros beneficios clínicos. En los estudios no aleatorizados existe consenso que relaciona el uso de DEX con menores dosis de BZD de forma temprana. Recomendaciones: no se recomienda el uso de DEX en SAA de forma rutinaria. Se recomienda usar DEX solo en casos en el que exista evidencia fallo terapéutico a BZD.

Avaliação do efeito associado a diferentes modalidades de poda em populações de pragas do olival, na região do Alentejo

Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes sistemas de poda (mecânica e manual) em populações de traça-da-oliveira, Prays oleae (Bern.), mosca-da-azeitona, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) o algodão-da-oliveira, Euphyllura olivina (Costa), e a cochonilha-negra, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), na região de Monforte. Mensalmente observaram-se ramos, flores, folhas e frutos para determinação da presença das espécies em estudo, em oliveiras presentes num ensaio de poda, em blocos casualizados. No final do primeiro ano de estudo (2013) observaram-se 624 frutos infestados com ovos e larvas de traça-da-oliveira, 1915 focos de algodão-da-oliveira nos ramos e apenas dois frutos infestados por mosca-da-azeitona. A modalidade de poda manual foi a que registou, marginalmente, a maior percentagem de ovos e larvas de traça-da-oliveira (30%), enquanto a modalidade de poda mecânica esporádica registou a percentagem mais elevada de infestação por algodão-da-oliveira (27%). Contudo, os valores de infestação correspondentes a cada uma das espécies de insetos em estudo foram semelhantes entre modalidades, não se observando diferenças nas suas populações em função do tipo de poda realizado.

DETEÇÃO DE FUNGOS ENDOFÍTICOS EM FOLHAS DE OLIVEIRA INFETADAS COM OLHO-DE-PAVÃO

Os fungos endofíticos, que colonizam naturalmente os tecidos de plantas, têm vindo a crescer de importância em termos de pesquisa e aplicações no âmbito da proteção das plantas. Todavia, a sua presença nos tecidos da oliveira ainda permanece bastante desconhecida. Dessa forma, com o objetivo de identificar e relacionar a presença de fungos endofíticos com o fungo patogénico Spilocaea oleaginea, agente causal da doença olho-de-pavão na oliveira, durante a primavera e verão de 2013 colheram-se folhas das cultivares Cobrançosa, Picual e Galega, que apresentavam lesões características da presença da doença, em quatro olivais localizados em diferentes regiões do Alentejo. Após a extração do DNA total e subsequente PCR com primers universais para a região ITS (internal transcribed spacer), foram sequenciados e analisados dez clones de cada cultivar. De acordo com as bases de dados Fungal Barcode e NCBI foi identificada a presença de fungos endofíticos pertencentes a oito famílias, nomeadamente, Botryosphaeriaceae, Dothioraceae, Leptosphaeriaceae, Mycosphaerellaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporaceae, Sclerotiniaceae e Venturiaceae.

Growth, parasitic infection and hematology in Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 fed diets containing Allium sativum.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a dietary Allium sativum (garlic) addition on growth, parasite infestation and blood parameters in Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) using 12 net-cages (1 m3).