"Consolatoria super obitu inclyti principis Hispaniarum Iohannis" de Alfonso Ortiz: introducción, edición crítica, traducción y comentario

The present work submitted as a PhD thesis has the aim of studying from a philological point of view, the Latin text Consolatoria super obitu inclyti principis Hispaniarum Iohannis, written by the Castilian canon Alfonso Ortiz, who lived in the late 15th century in the time of the Catholic Monarchs (Isabel and Fernando), on the death of Prince John, first and only son of the sovereigns. The core of this work is the critical edition (the first complete edition ever made) on the comparison of two extant manuscripts (S and St), the second having the Spanish self-translation of the first. On the basis of this critical text we study the literary references as well as its structure and the literary genre to which it may be ascribed and, besides, we point out some features of the language used therein (Latin), the scope and characteristics of the self-translation and other style and rhetorical topics (e.g. the use of rhythmic clausulae at the end of sentences). Several appendices are added to complete and improve the text-study From that study it may be concluded that although the work follows a long time proven tradition based on medieval religious Ideas, the author, nonetheless, continuously shows within the text that he is willing to adapt that tradition into the new tunes of early Renaissance, not only by means of language and style features, but also through matter nuances that made it clear that life/death concepts were gradually shifting from the medieval times to the ideas of the new epoch. As the value of human life was rising, it needed a more attentive, profound and meticulous consolation through both conceptual and rhetorical arguments...

La función de la cosmovisión del moro en el Poema de Alfonso Onceno

Existe en el Poema de Alfonso Onceno una intencionalidad manifiesta de exaltar la figura del rey, mostrando su poder para pacificar las revueltas internas de Castilla y para poder hacerle la guerra al infiel: el moro. El trabajo que nos ocupa tiende a evidenciar de qué manera el autor del Poema de Alfonso Onceno realiza una construcción de la cosmovisión del moro como enemigo externo en vistas de exaltar las virtudes de un rey hasta convertirlo en ?espejo y escudo de la cristiandad?, permitiéndole a través de éste procedimiento, juzgar con la misma vara a todo aquél que impida a Alfonso XI luchar contra el enemigo de la fe verdadera.

La función de la cosmovisión del moro en el Poema de Alfonso Onceno

Existe en el Poema de Alfonso Onceno una intencionalidad manifiesta de exaltar la figura del rey, mostrando su poder para pacificar las revueltas internas de Castilla y para poder hacerle la guerra al infiel: el moro. El trabajo que nos ocupa tiende a evidenciar de qué manera el autor del Poema de Alfonso Onceno realiza una construcción de la cosmovisión del moro como enemigo externo en vistas de exaltar las virtudes de un rey hasta convertirlo en ?espejo y escudo de la cristiandad?, permitiéndole a través de éste procedimiento, juzgar con la misma vara a todo aquél que impida a Alfonso XI luchar contra el enemigo de la fe verdadera.

En torno a la imagen literaria de Alfonso V de Aragón: Fortún García de Ercilla y su traducción castellana del De dictis de Antonio Beccadelli. Edición y estudio

Alfonso V of Aragon (1396-1458), who won from his contemporaries the title “the Magnanimous”, became one of the most brilliant fifteenth century monarchs, not only because of being a shrewd politician and king of one of the main kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula, but also due to his cultural activity. Thanks to him the Aragonese territories were extended throughout the Mediterranean up to Naples, where he established a magnificent court that turned into maybe the most remarkable centre of intellectual vitality and development of Humanism. His patronage attracted a considerable number of leading poets of the period, as well as the most important Italian humanists. The presence of so many writers and outstanding scholars, together with the academic environment that the monarch encouraged, promoted an enormous literary production in four languages: Latin, Spanish, Catalan and Italian. Additionally, the valuable library gathered by the king and the Academy founded in order to spread knowledge illustrate part of his intellectual concerns. This way, through his love to literature and generosity to men of letters, Alfonso the Magnanimous boosted the culture of that time. The principal protagonist in the cultural activities of the circle of erudites formed around the sovereign was Antonio Beccadelli, called Panormita (1394-1471). He, one of the most prominent personalities of Italian Humanism, assumed the role of main royal advisor. His work De dictis et factis Alphonsi regis (The sayings and deeds of king Alfonso), which will be studied in our dissertation, became a very popular text about Alfonso’s personality, as a kind of biography based on anecdotes of the Magnanimous’ life by way of exempla to be imitated. The success of these episodes lasted for a long time and they are appreciated even nowadays. The work was valued as specula principum and had great impact in sixteenth century, when De dictis was republished several times and translated from Latin into Spanish. One of these translations, the one by Fortún García de Ercilla, caught our interest since it is in a manuscript signed by Ercilla himself and this version is still unpublished...

Estudio, edición crítica y traducción del "Memoriale virtvtvm" de Alfonso de Cartagena

Alfonso de Cartagena (1385-1456), possibly the most representative figure of the courtly, political and cultural dimension built around Juan II, was the third son of the famous convert Pablo de Santa Maria, Burgos’ rabbi and, later on, bishop of that same town. He started his career as governor of Cartagena’s cathedral, afterwards he was named dean of Santiago and Segovia, canon of Burgos and, after his father’s death, bishop of Burgos. Alternatively, he played a vital role in Castile’s national and international politics, as an ambassador in Portugal’s court, at Basel’s council and before Poland’s and Germany’s kings. His work, written both in Latin and Romance, either as an historian, treatise writer, theologist or translator, is quite broad; his literary connections were strong either with Italian humanists or with those who were fond of the language arts from Spain. The first part of this Thesis seeks to provide a wide enough perspective of the author, for which we place the emphasis on the most distinctive aspects of his life. Therefore, we divided the introduction in three sections: a biographical overview, his work and, last, a study on the Memoriale uirtutum itself. Thus, regarding the first aspect, we focus on the course of his life (§1.1), where we can highlight his university education, which isn’t restricted to his training as a jurist, but we also observe that his mental vitality takes him to develop certain inquisitiveness for Moral Philosophy or Latin, which leads him to study Grammar and Rhetoric; this would allow the influence of studia humanitatis to emerge, although he never got to learn the Greek language, as we can deduce from the epistolary confrontation between him and Leonardo Bruni. We also focus on the significance of his Jewish past, upon the defence of the converts during the massacre experienced in the XVth century (§1.2), and on his presence at Basel’s council (§1.3). Despite the fact that his work as a diplomat begins during the missions in Portugal as an emissary of king Juan II, he will get recognition owing to his legation in Basel, not only among the European ecclesiastics, but also among the scholars from Italy; the importance of Basel’s council in Cartagena’s life goes beyond his official work there, either as defending the Castilian interests, or as an active member of the purely conciliar functions, since it also had a huge impact in his intellectual growth. During this time period, Cartagena establishes a friendship with Pizzolpaso, Bishop of Milan, writer, humanist, and friend of Leonardo Bruni. As a result of this type of relationship with men of such high cultural standard, he re-awakens the study of the Classical antiquity among his contemporaries, developing a huge interest in the Greco-Roman masterpieces, which will bring him closely to the highly-regarded Spanish humanists of the XVIth century...

Iconografia musicale nella Ferrara di Alfonso I d'Este

Questa tesi coniuga metodologie tradizionali e nuove tecnologie per far luce sulla straordinaria proliferazione di immagini musicali che caratterizza il ducato di Alfonso I d’Este (1505-1534) e offrire la possibilità di esplorare in modo nuovo uno degli ambienti più significativi del Rinascimento: il Camerino delle Pitture, studiolo del Duca. Il lavoro svolto ha portato all’individuazione di 60 opere finora mai analizzate da un punto di vista iconografico-musicale, ad eccezione di pochissimi casi, e alla creazione del primo catalogo iconografico-musicale sulla Ferrara di Alfonso I (vol. II). Il vol. I della tesi espone gli approfondimenti critici. Il corpus raccolto nel catalogo è inquadrato nel particolare contesto culturale di ricercata sinergia tra le arti, alla luce della dimensione cortese del consumo musicale ma soprattutto del valore identitario che Alfonso stesso attribuiva alla musica. Le immagini musicali sono quindi analizzate nella duplice veste di testimonianze storiche (sui contesti esecutivi, sulle sonorità degli ensembles, sulla diffusione e l’interesse per alcuni strumenti e sul loro valore di emblemi dell’elegante ed armonica vita cortese) e di omaggio verso il Duca, i suoi gusti artistici e le sue vedute culturali. Ad Alfonso e alle sue identificazioni mitologiche è dedicata la seconda parte. Un accurato profilo caratteriale prelude all’analisi di alcune delle opere più significative della committenza alfonsina con particolare attenzione ai capolavori provenienti dai suoi studioli, lo Studio dei Marmi e il Camerino delle Pitture. Quest’ultimo è al centro anche della terza ed ultima parte della tesi che ne propone, in conclusione, un’originale elaborazione 3D in cui è possibile avere informazioni storico-critiche sulle opere e, soprattutto, ascoltare una registrazione inedita del canone di Adrian Willaert raffigurato nel Baccanale degli Andrii di Tiziano, autentico manifesto identitario e culturale di Alfonso.

Alfonso Garcia Valdecasas y Garcia Valdecasas - vida y obra

La presente tesis doctoral tiene por objetivo analizar la obra y el pensamiento de Alfonso Garcia Valdecasas y Garcia Valdecasas. El estudio se encuadra en el área del derecho romano puesto que él comenzó su carrera como iusromanista, doctorándose en Bolonia como colegial del Real Colegio de España con una tesis dirigida por Emilio Costa. Aquel trabajo recibió el premio Vittorio Emanuele Secondo y, tal y como se demostrará, fue el primer trabajo estrictamente científico de la romanística hispana moderna. Otras publicaciones del autor que se incluyen en el presente trabajo permitirán trazar las líneas del pensamiento jurídico, filosófico y –en parte- político de Alfonso Garcia Valdecasas y Garcia Valdecasas.

Relationship among malocclusion, number of occlusal pairs and mastication

This study evaluated the relationship among malocclusion, number of occlusal pairs, masticatory performance, masticatory time and masticatory ability in completely dentate subjects. Eighty healthy subjects (mean age = 19.40 ± 4.14 years) were grouped according to malocclusion diagnosis (n = 16): Class I, Class Class II-2, Class III and Normocclusion (control). Number of occlusal pairs was determined clinically. Masticatory performance was evaluated by the sieving method, and the time used for the comminute test food was registered as the masticatory time. Masticatory ability was measured by a dichotomic self-perception questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA, ANOVA on ranks, Chi-Square and Spearman tests. Class II-1 and III malocclusion groups presented a smaller number of occlusal pairs than Normocclusion (p < 0.0001), Class I (p < 0.001) and II-2 (p < 0.0001) malocclusion groups. Class I, and III malocclusion groups showed lower masticatory performance values compared to Normocclusion (p < 0.05) and Class II-2 (p < 0.05) malocclusion groups. There were no differences in masticatory time (p = 0.156) and ability (χ2 = 3.58/p= 0.465) among groups. Occlusal pairs were associated with malocclusion (rho = 0.444/p < 0.0001) and masticatory performance (rho = 0.393/p < 0.0001), but malocclusion was not correlated with masticatory performance (rho = 0.116/p= 0.306). In conclusion, masticatory performance and ability were not related to malocclusion, and subjects with Class I, II-1 and III malocclusions presented lower masticatory performance because of their smaller number of occlusal pairs.

Reproducibility, reliability and validity of measurements obtained from Cecile3 digital models

The aim of this study was to determine the reproducibility, reliability and validity of measurements in digital models compared to plaster models. Fifteen pairs of plaster models were obtained from orthodontic patients with permanent dentition before treatment. These were digitized to be evaluated with the program Cécile3 v2.554.2 beta. Two examiners measured three times the mesiodistal width of all the teeth present, intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar distances, overjet and overbite. The plaster models were measured using a digital vernier. The t-Student test for paired samples and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for statistical analysis. The ICC of the digital models were 0.84 ± 0.15 (intra-examiner) and 0.80 ± 0.19 (inter-examiner). The average mean difference of the digital models was 0.23 ± 0.14 and 0.24 ± 0.11 for each examiner, respectively. When the two types of measurements were compared, the values obtained from the digital models were lower than those obtained from the plaster models (p < 0.05), although the differences were considered clinically insignificant (differences < 0.1 mm). The Cécile digital models are a clinically acceptable alternative for use in Orthodontics.

Herbage accumulation, growth and structural characteristics of Mombasa grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) harvested at different cutting intervals

The objective of the present study was to evaluate herbage accumulation, morphological composition, growth rate and structural characteristics in Mombasa grass swards subject to different cutting intervals (3, 5 and 7 wk) during the rainy and dry seasons of the year. Treatments were assigned to experimental units (17.5 m(2)) according to a complete randomised block design, with four replicates. Herbage accumulation was greater in the rainy than in the dry season (83 and 17%, respectively). Herbage accumulation (24,300 kg DM ha(-1)), average growth rate (140 kg DM ha(-1) d(-1)) and sward height (111 cm) were highest in the 7 wk cutting interval, but leaf proportion (56%), leaf:stem (1.6) and leaf:non leaf (1.3) ratios decreased. Herbage accumulation, morphological composition and sward structure of Mombasa grass sward may be manipulated through defoliation frequency. The highest leaf proportion was recorded in the 3-wk cutting interval. Longer cutting intervals affected negatively sward structure, with potential negative effects on utilization efficiency, animal intake and performance.

New Genotype of Dengue Type 3 Virus Circulating in Brazil and Colombia Showed a Close Relationship to Old Asian Viruses

Dengue type 3 genotype V viruses have been recently detected in Brazil and Colombia. In this study, we described another Brazilian isolate belonging to this genotype. Phylogenetic analysis including dengue type 3 viruses isolated worldwide showed that Brazilian and Colombian viruses were closely related to viruses isolated in Asia more than two decades ago. The characteristic evolutionary pattern of dengue type 3 virus cannot explain the close similarity of new circulating viruses with old viruses. Further studies are needed to confirm the origin of the new dengue type III genotype circulating in Brazil and Colombia.

Detection of dengue virus in saliva and urine by real time RT-PCR

Early diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection is important for patient management and control of dengue outbreaks. The objective of this study was to analyze the usefulness of urine and saliva samples for early diagnosis of DENV infection by real time RT-PCR. Two febrile patients, who have been attended at the General Hospital of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo University were included in the study. Serum, urine and saliva samples collected from both patients were subjected to real time RT-PCR for DENV detection and quantification. Dengue RNA was detected in serum, urine and saliva samples of both patients. Patient 1 was infected with DENV-2 and patient 2 with DENV-3. Data presented in this study suggest that urine and saliva could be used as alternative samples for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection when blood samples are difficult to obtain, e.g.,in newborns and patients with hemorrhagic syndromes.