Sleep habits and complaints of adults in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1987 and 1995

This study compares the prevalence of complaints of insomnia, excessive diurnal sleepiness, parasomnias, and sleep habits of the adult population in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, estimated in surveys carried out in 1987 and 1995. Representative samples of 1000 adult residents per survey were interviewed using a validated structured sleep questionnaire, the "UNIFESP Sleep Questionnaire". Difficulty maintaining sleep, difficulty initiating sleep and early morning awakening, occurring at least three times a week, were reported in 1987 and 1995, by 15.8/27.6, 13.9/19.1, and 10.6/14.2% of the interviewees, respectively, significantly increasing throughout time. These sleep problems were more often found among women. Frequencies of excessive diurnal sleepiness and sleep attacks were unchanged comparing 1987 with 1995 (4.5 vs 3.8 and 3.1 vs 3.0%, respectively). Parasomnia complaints remained unchanged, with the exception of leg cramps, which doubled in prevalence from 1987 to 1995 (2.6 to 5.8%). Snoring was the most common parasomnia (21.5% in 1995), reported more often by men than by women, and somnambulism was the least common (approximately 1%). Besides sleeping slightly less, interviewees went to bed and woke up later in 1995. Approximately 12% of the subjects in both surveys had consulted a physician due to sleep problems and 3.0% reported habitual use of sleep-promoting substances in 1995. Overall, there was a significant increase in insomnia complaints from 1987 to 1995 in the general population of the city of São Paulo. This major change over a little under a decade should be considered as an important public health issue.

Turvallisuuskäsityksen muutos euroatlanttisessa turvallisuusyhteistyössä vuosien 1987-2015 välillä ja sen vaikutuksia Suomen ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikkaan

Tutkimuksen kohteena on Turvallisuuskäsityksen muutos euroatlanttisessa turvallisuusyhteisössä ja sen vaikutuksia Suomen ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikassa. Tutkimuksen ymmärtää turvallisuuskäsityksen rakentumiseen vaikuttavat tekijät ja miksi turvallisuuskäsitys on rakentunut tietyllä tavalla. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehyksen perusta on maltillisen jälkipositivismiin perustuvassa sosiaalisessa konstruktivismissa. Teoreettista viitekehystä on täydennetty konstruktivismiin perustuvilla turvallisuusyhteisöteorialla ja turvallistamisteorialla. Historiallisella prosessinjäljittämismenetelmällä ajalliset tapahtumat kytkettiin laadullisessa sisällön analyysissä teoreettiseen viitekehykseen. Rakennetulla metodologisella asetelmalla tarkasteltiin vuosien 1987-2015 välillä tapahtunutta turvallisuuskäsityksen muutosta kolmessa tapauksessa, jotka olivat Suomi, EU ja Nato. Tutkimuksen tapausten turvallisuuskäsitysten rakentumista verrat-tiin johtopäätöksissä toisiinsa. Kylmän sodan aikana turvallisuuskäsitystä dominoi käsitys totaalisesta sodasta, jossa valtio aiheutti uhan toiselle valtiolle ja tähän uhkaan vastattiin sotilaallisen keinoin. 1990-luvulla käsitys jäsentyi toiseutena suhteessa valtiolliseen näkökulmaan ja humanitäärisistä interven-tioista ja inhimillisestä turvallisuuskäsityksestä rakennettiin uusionäkökulma turvallisuuteen jota nimitettiin laajaksi. 2000-luvulla turvallisuuskäsitystä leimaavaksi diskurssiksi muodostui terrorismin vastainen toiminta, sotilaallinen toiminta laajennettiin perinteisen euroatlanttisen alueen ulkopuolelle. Turvallisuuteen suhtauduttiin hallinnollisesti laajemmin kuin 1990 luvulla. Uutena toimintaympäristönä nousee esille informaation merkitys. 2010-luvulla turvallisuuskäsityksen vaikuttaa voimakas globaali keskinäisriippuvuus ja sotilaallisen sektoriin toiminta jäsennetään osittain suhteessa maantieteellisiin etäisyyksiin. Informaatioympäristö jäsentyy kybertoimintaympäristöksi. 2010-luvulla turvallisuusuhkien katsotaan kohdistuvan sekä yksilöön että valtiotoimijaan. Monipuolisuudessaan ja keskinäisriippuvuudessaan turvallisuuskäsitys on tasapainottunut. Naton turvallisuuskäsityksen materiaalisena peruselementtinä on kautta tarkastelujakson säilynyt alueellinen puolustus vaikkakin sen määritelmä on ajoittain muuttunut ja ydinaseet viimeisenä sotilaallisen voimankäytönkeinona. EU:n turvallisuuskäsityksessä pehmeiden mutta kokonaisvaltaisten keinojen käyttö on leimallista koko tarkastelujaksolle. Suomen ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikassa yleiseen asevelvollisuuteen perustuva alueellinen puolustus on eri painotuksineen turvallisuuskäsityksen materiaalinen peruselementti. Muiden turvallisuusulottuvuuksien painotukset ja vaikutukset poliittisissa päätöksissä ovat vaihdelleet tarkasteluajanjaksolla.

Répression des fraudes et sécurité des consommateurs : textes généraux. - Éd. 1987

Collection : Journal officiel de la République française, brochure ; 1163

Breakthrough in Superconductors (1987)

Physics professors Frans Koffyberg (right), Fereidoon Razavi (middle), and Bozidar Mitrovic (left) discover a new superconductor. A superconductor is a material that conducts electricity at very low temperatures with zero electrical resistance. The Brock researchers found that a compound of the metals Barium, Lanthanum, Copper, and Oxygen become a superconductor at 30 degrees absolute, which is a record high temperature.

Openness and privacy in Ontario: an evaluation of the implementation of FIPPA : (The Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 1987, Chapter 25 and Ontario Regulation 532/87) /

Since the early 1970's, Canadians have expressed many concerns about the growth of government and its impact on their daily lives. The public has requested increased access to government documents and improved protection of the personal information which is held in government files and data banks. At the same time, both academics and practitioners in the field of public administration have become more interested in the values that public servants bring to their decisions and recommendations. Certain administrative values, such as accountability and integrity, have taken on greater relative importance. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the implementation of Ontario's access and privacy law. It centres on the question of whether or not the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 1987, (FIPPA) has answered the demand for open access to government while at the same time protecting the personal privacy of individual citizens. It also assesses the extent to which this relatively new piece of legislation has made a difference to the people of Ontario. The thesis presents an overview of the issues of freedom of information and protection of privacy in Ontario. It begins with the evolution of the legislation and a description of the law itself. It focuses on the structures and processes which have been established to meet the procedural and administrative demands of the Act. These structures and processes are evaluated in two ways. First, the thesis evaluates how open the Ontario government has become and, second, it determines how Ill carefully the privacy rights of individuals are safeguarded. An analytical framework of administrative values is used to evaluate the overall performance of the government in these two areas. The conclusion is drawn that, overall, the Ontario government has effectively implemented the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, particularly by providing access to most government-held documents. The protection of individual privacy has proved to be not only more difficult to achieve, but more difficult to evaluate. However, the administrative culture of the Ontario bureaucracy is shown to be committed to ensuring that the access and privacy rights of citizens are respected.

Inside Canada Public Relations Ltd. Records 1951-1987

Ontario Editorial Bureau (O.E.B.)

Maple Leaf Mills Records 1955, 1960-1964, 1975-1987, 1989, n.d.

Ontario Editorial Bureau (O.E.B.)

Scott Misener Steamships Co. Ltd. Records, 1965, 1967, 1972-1977, 1987, n.d.

Ontario Editorial Bureau (O.E.B.)

Niagara Resort and Tourist Association Records, 1975-1976, 1978-1983, 1985, 1987-1989, n.d.

Ontario Editorial Bureau (O.E.B.)

Ontario Tender Fruit Grower’s Marketing Board Fonds, 1960, 1967, 1969-1977, 1980-1981, 1987

The Ontario Tender Fruit Marketing Board operates under the Farm Producers Marketing Act. It covers all tender fruit farmers who produce either fresh or canned products. Today the board has over 500 grower-members. Tender fruit in the Niagara region includes: peaches, pears, plums, grapes and cherries. The fruits are used in a number of different ways, from jams and jellies to desserts, sauces and wine. Peaches were first harvested along the Niagara river in 1779. Peter Secord (Laura Secord’s uncle) is thought to be the first farmer to plant fruit trees when he took a land grant near Niagara in the mid 1780s. Since the beginnings of Secord’s farm, peaches, pears and plums have been grown in the Niagara region ever since. However, none of the original varities of peach trees remain today. Peaches were often used for more than eating by early settlers. The leaves and bark of the tree was used to make teas for conditions such as chronic bronchitis, coughs and gastritis. Cherries have been known to have anti-inflammatory and pain relieving properties. Like peaches and cherries, pears had many uses for the early pioneers. The wood was used to make furniture. The juice made excellent ciders and the leaves provided yellow dyes. Plums have been around for centuries, not only in the Niagara region, but throughout the world. They have appeared in pre-historic writings and were present for the first Thanksgiving in 1621. The grape industry in Ontario has also been around for centuries. It began in 1798 when land was granted to Major David Secord (brother-in-law to Laura Secord) slightly east of St. David’s, on what is Highway No. 8 today. Major Secord’s son James was given a part of the land in 1818 and in 1857 passed it onto Porter Adams. Adams is known to be the first person to plant grapes in Ontario1. Tender fruits are best grown in warm temperate climates. The Niagara fruit belt, stretching 65km from Hamilton to Niagara on the Lake, provides the climate necessary for this fruit production. This belt produces 90% of Ontario’s annual tender fruit crop. It is one of the largest fruit producing regions in all of Canada.

Walker Brothers Quarries Limited fonds, 1975, 1980-1981, 1984, 1987-1989

Serving the Niagara and surrounding areas for over 120 years, Walker Industries has made its impact not only commercially, but also culturally. Beginning in 1875 with the erection of a stone sawing mill on a property John Walker purchased from the Welland Canal Loan Company. One of the first projects Walker cut stone for was the Merritton Town Hall. In 1882 the business expanded to include Walkers children, changing the name to Walker & Sons. Eventually in 1887 the two eldest sons took control of the business operation and their partnership changed the company’s name to Walker Brothers, the same year the company began operating its first quarry. The quarry was conveniently located alongside the 3rd Welland canal, offering easy access to Toronto and Hamilton. It was also close to the railway system which allowed immediate access to Thorold and Niagara Falls and later access to parts of Ontario and Quebec. The quarry supplied stone to build numerous halls and armouries across Ontario. A use was also found for the ‘waste products’ of cutting the limestone. Leftover stone chips were sent to paper mills, where stone was needed as part of the sulphite pulp process for making paper. Beginning to supply the Ontario Paper Company with stone in 1913, meant not only long, hard, work, but also more profit for the company. Before mechanization, most of the loading and unloading of the stone was done by hand, taking 19 man-hours to load an 18 yard railway car. Mechanization followed in 1947 when the plant became fully mechanized making the work easier and increasing production rates. In 1957 the company moved from its original location and opened the St. Catharines Crushed Stone Plant.

Proceedings : Grand Lodge, A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario - 1987

On spine : The Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario.