The annual report of the Postmaster General : hearing before the International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services Subcommittee of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, July 13, 2000.

Shipping list no.: 2001-0042-P.

2000 Seat Belt Usage Survey, September 13, 2001

The good news is that safety belt usage on municipal road systems (city streets) increased 1.07 percent. This is encouraging since more than 45 percent of all motor vehicle crashes occur on city streets, and usage on the municipal road system has consistently been the lowest of the road systems studied. In communities where usage is good, enforcement and public education must be maintained in order to improve usage further; in communities where usage is still low, enforcement and public education must both be increased. Usage on the primary system (U.S. or state highways) rose 1.01 percent from the previous year. This is also welcome news because almost half of all fatalities (49 percent) occur on the primary road system. There was a decline in interstate belt use (-1.45 percent). Despite this decrease interstate usage is still traditionally the highest of all roadway categories presumably because the longer trips, higher travel speeds and large number of vehicles cause drivers to assume there is greater risk.

Factores de riesgo en primera crisis convulsiva en menores de 16 años: Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso 2000-2001

Con el objetivo de determimar los factores de riesgode la primera crisis epiléptica en menores de 16 años, se realiza el estudio de caso-control, a un universo de niños de 0-16 años, atendidos en el hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso entre octubre 2000 a septiembre de 2001, con primera crisis epiléptica. Controles, por cada 2 niños de igual edad y sexo sin crisis y sin patología neurológica. Recolección de la información: mediante un formulario con información proporcionada por el niño, acompañantes y la que consta en la historia clíonica. La categorización de las crisis se realizó de acuerdo a la recomendación de la Comisión sobre Clasificación y Terminología de la Liga Internacional contra la Epilepsia. Resultados: se encuentra 143 casos. Varones 59.4, mujeres 40.6. Menores de 5 años 81. Con crisis generalizadas 65, de origen sintomático agudo (78.3). Las principales causas fueron: fiebre, infecciones del sistema nervioso central, hipoxia, trauma encefalocraneano, trastornos metabólicos y tóxicos. Los factores de riesgo (estadísticamente significativos, p menor que 0.05) son: asfixia perinatal, parto atendido por empírico, recién nacido pequeño para la edad gestacional, malformación congénira, anormalidad de actividades diarias y desarrollo psicomotor, desnutrición, espasmo del sollozo, antecedentes personales de crisis febriles, antecedentes familiares de crisis afebril única, antecedentes de epilepsia en familiares que no pertenecen al primer grado de consanguinidad. Conclusiones. La primera crisis epiléptica fue más frecuente en varones, menores de 5 años, con crisis generalizadas , de origen sintomático agudo y los factores de riesgo estuvieron relacionados a aspectos pre-perinatales, anormalidad de la actividad diaria y del desarrollo psicomotor, desnutrición, episodios paroxísticos personales y antecedentes convulsivos familiares

Lecture by Arnold Lehman, given at Florida International University, October 13, 2000

Arnold Lehman discusses how the Brooklyn Museum influenced him and others though annecdotal stories and shares the new mission and the new direction for cultivating increased interest and visitation to the museum by exploring the museum's history. He also discusses the exhibit Sensation, a collection of contemporary art owned by Charles Saatchi, which generated controversy in New York when it was first exhibited at the museum in 1997. FIU President Modesto Maidique introduces Dahlia Morgan. Introduction by Dahlia Morgan.

Bulletin number 2000-13

The South Carolina Department of Insurance issues periodic bulletins explaining different aspects and rule interpretations of state insurance.

Análisis del proceso de reasentamiento de familias en áreas de alto riesgo no mitigable. Estudio de caso: Sector Nueva Esperanza Localidad Rafael Uribe Uribe (2000-2015)

El presente trabajo de grado analiza el proceso de reasentamiento de familias en zonas de alto riesgo no mitigable por medio del estudio del Plan de rehabilitación, reconstrucción y desarrollo sostenible elaborado para el Sector Nueva Esperanza, en la Localidad Rafael Uribe Uribe, Bogotá. Se pretende así, una aproximación a los procesos de reasentamiento como estrategia de gestión del riesgo en pro de garantizar el derecho a la vida de las familias asentadas en zonas no aptas para vivir y mejorar sustancialmente su calidad de vida. Se identifican y analizan los factores y actores que influyeron en los resultados del Plan, avanzando hacia los resultados de la investigación que permiten señalar los principales retos y lecciones aprendidas con relación a la formulación y ejecución de planes de reasentamiento.

Profile of women detected drink driving via Roadside Breath Testing (RBT) in Queensland, Australia, between 2000 and 2011

Background Drink driving among women is a growing problem in many motorised countries. While research has shown that male and female drink drivers differ on a number of characteristics, few studies have addressed the circumstances surrounding women’s drink driving offences specifically. Aim To add to previous research by comparing apprehension characteristics among men and women and to extend the understanding of the female drink driving problem by investigating the drink driving characteristics that are unique to women. Results The sample consisted of the 248,173 (21.5% women) drink drivers apprehended between 2000 and 2011 in Queensland, Australia. Gender comparisons showed that women were older, had lower levels of reoffending, and were more likely to be apprehended in Major Cities compared to men. Comparisons of age group and reoffending and non-reoffending among female drink drivers only revealed that higher BAC readings were more common among younger women. Moreover, a substantial minority (13.7%) of women aged 24 years or younger were apprehended with a BAC below0.05%, reflecting a breach of the zero tolerance BAC for provisional licence holders in Australia. Older women were more likely to be charged with a ‘failure to provide a test’ offence as a result of refusing to provide a breath or blood sample, indicating that drink driving is associated high levels of stigma for this group. Reoffending occurred among 16.2% of the female drink drivers and these drivers were more likely than non-reoffending drivers to record a mid to high range BAC, to be aged 30-39 or below 21years, and to be apprehended in Inner Regional or Remote locations. Conclusion Findings highlight the unique circumstances and divergent needs of female drink drivers compared to male drivers and for different groups of female drivers.

Estimating the burden of disease attributable to excess body weight in South Africa in 2000

Objective. To estimate the burden of disease attributable to excess body weight using the body mass index (BMI), by age and sex, in South Africa in 2000. Design. World Health Organization comparative risk assessment (CRA) methodology was followed. Re-analysis of the 1998 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey data provided mean BMI estimates by age and sex. Populationattributable fractions were calculated and applied to revised burden of disease estimates. Monte Carlo simulation-modelling techniques were used for the uncertainty analysis. Setting. South Africa. Subjects. Adults 30 years of age. Outcome measures. Deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, hypertensive disease, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and selected cancers. Results. Overall, 87% of type 2 diabetes, 68% of hypertensive disease, 61% of endometrial cancer, 45% of ischaemic stroke, 38% of ischaemic heart disease, 31% of kidney cancer, 24% of osteoarthritis, 17% of colon cancer, and 13% of postmenopausal breast cancer were attributable to a BMI 21 kg/m2. Excess body weight is estimated to have caused 36 504 deaths (95% uncertainty interval 31 018 - 38 637) or 7% (95% uncertainty interval 6.0 - 7.4%) of all deaths in 2000, and 462 338 DALYs (95% uncertainty interval 396 512 - 478 847) or 2.9% of all DALYs (95% uncertainty interval 2.4 - 3.0%). The burden in females was approximately double that in males. Conclusions. This study shows the importance of recognising excess body weight as a major risk to health, particularly among females, highlighting the need to develop, implement and evaluate comprehensive interventions to achieve lasting change in the determinants and impact of excess body weight.

Estimating the burden of disease attributable to unsafe water and lack of sanitation and hygiene in South Africa in 2000

Objectives To estimate the burden of disease attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene (WSH) by age group for South Africa in 2000. Design World Health Organization comparative risk assessment methodology was used to estimate the disease burden attributable to an exposure by comparing the observed risk factor distribution with a theoretical lowest possible population distribution. A scenario-based approach was applied for estimating diarrhoeal disease burden from unsafe WSH. Six exposure scenarios were defined based on the type of water and sanitation infrastructure and environmental faecal-oral pathogen load. For ‘intestinal parasites’ and schistosomiasis, the burden was assumed to be 100% attributable to exposure to unsafe WSH. Setting South Africa. Outcome measures Disease burden from diarrhoeal diseases, intestinal parasites and schistosomiasis, measured by deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Results 13 434 deaths were attributable to unsafe WSH accounting for 2.6% (95% uncertainty interval 2.4 - 2.7%) of all deaths in South Africa in 2000. The burden was especially high in children under 5 years, accounting for 9.3% of total deaths in this age group and 7.4% of burden of disease. Overall, the burden due to unsafe WSH was equivalent to 2.6% (95% uncertainty interval 2.5 - 2.7%) of the total disease burden for South Africa, ranking this risk factor seventh for the country. Conclusions Unsafe WSH remains an important risk factor for disease in South Africa, especially in children under 5. High priority needs to be given to the provision of safe and sustainable sanitation and water facilities and to promoting safe hygiene behaviours, particularly among children.

Estimating the burden of disease attributable to childhood and maternal undernutrition in South Africa in 2000

OBJECTIVES To estimate the disease burden attributable to being underweight as an indicator of undernutrition in children under 5 years of age and in pregnant women for the year 2000. DESIGN World Health Organization comparative risk assessment (CRA) methodology was followed. The 1999 National Food Consumption Survey prevalence of underweight classified in three low weight-for-age categories was compared with standard growth charts to estimate population-attributable fractions for mortality and morbidity outcomes, based on increased risk for each category and applied to revised burden of disease estimates for South Africa in 2000. Maternal underweight, leading to an increased risk of intra-uterine growth retardation and further risk of low birth weight (LBW), was also assessed using the approach adopted by the global assessment. Monte Carlo simulation-modeling techniques were used for the uncertainty analysis. SETTING South Africa. SUBJECTS Children under 5 years of age and pregnant women. OUTCOME MEASURES Mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from protein- energy malnutrition and a fraction of those from diarrhoeal disease, pneumonia, malaria, other non- HIV/AIDS infectious and parasitic conditions in children aged 0 - 4 years, and LBW. RESULTS Among children under 5 years, 11.8% were underweight. In the same age group, 11,808 deaths (95% uncertainty interval 11,100 - 12,642) or 12.3% (95% uncertainty interval 11.5 - 13.1%) were attributable to being underweight. Protein-energy malnutrition contributed 44.7% and diarrhoeal disease 29.6% of the total attributable burden. Childhood and maternal underweight accounted for 2.7% (95% uncertainty interval 2.6 - 2.9%) of all DALYs in South Africa in 2000 and 10.8% (95% uncertainty interval 10.2 - 11.5%) of DALYs in children under 5. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that reduction of the occurrence of underweight would have a substantial impact on child mortality, and also highlights the need to monitor this important indicator of child health.

Catalyst engineering for lithium ion batteries: The catalytic role of Ge in enhancing the electrochemical performance of SnO2(GeO2)0.13/G anodes

The catalytic role of germanium (Ge) was investigated to improve the electrochemical performance of tin dioxide grown on graphene (SnO(2)/G) nanocomposites as an anode material of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Germanium dioxide (GeO(20) and SnO(2) nanoparticles (<10 nm) were uniformly anchored on the graphene sheets via a simple single-step hydrothermal method. The synthesized SnO(2)(GeO(2))0.13/G nanocomposites can deliver a capacity of 1200 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 100 mA g(-1), which is much higher than the traditional theoretical specific capacity of such nanocomposites (∼ 702 mA h g(-1)). More importantly, the SnO(2)(GeO(2))0.13/G nanocomposites exhibited an improved rate, large current capability (885 mA h g(-1) at a discharge current of 2000 mA g(-1)) and excellent long cycling stability (almost 100% retention after 600 cycles). The enhanced electrochemical performance was attributed to the catalytic effect of Ge, which enabled the reversible reaction of metals (Sn and Ge) to metals oxide (SnO(2) and GeO(2)) during the charge/discharge processes. Our demonstrated approach towards nanocomposite catalyst engineering opens new avenues for next-generation high-performance rechargeable Li-ion batteries anode materials.

Solution cation-binding properties of segmented polyethylene oxide-A C-13 NMR spectroscopic study

Two segmented polyethylene oxides, SPEO-3 and SPEO-4, were prepared using a novel transetherification methodology. Their structures were confirmed by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The complexation of these SPEO's with alkali-metal ions in solution was investigated by C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The mole-fraction method was used to determine the complexation ratio of SPEO with LIClO4 at 25 degrees C, which showed that these formed 1:1 (polymer repeat unit/salt) complexes. The association constant, K, for the complex formation was calculated from the variation of the chemical shift values with salt concentration, using a standard nonlinear least-square fitting procedure. The maximum change in chemical shift (Delta delta) and the K values suggest that both SPEO-3 and SPEO-4 formed stronger complexes with lithium salts than with sodium salts. Unexpectedly, the K values were found to be different, when the variation of delta of different carbons was used in the fitting procedure. This suggests that several possible complexed species may be in equilibrium with the uncomplexed one. Structurally similar model compounds were also prepared and their complexation studies indicated that all of them also formed 1:1 complexes with Li salts. Interestingly, it was observed that the polymers gave higher K values suggesting the formation of more stable complexes in polymers when compared to the model analogues. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Opiskelijaliikkeen äärilaidalta populaarikulttuurin hahmoiksi ja 2000-luvun alussa Rote Armee Fraktion Der Spiegel -lehden sivuilla 1970-luvulla

Työ käsittelee vasemmistoradikalismia ilmiönä ja erityisesti kyseisen ilmiön eri vaiheita. Tarkempana tarkastelukohtana on Rote Armee Fraktion (RAF) -niminen vasemmistovallankumouksellinen ryhmä, joka toimi Saksan liittotasavallassa vuosina 1970-1998. Ryhmää tarkastellaan siltä kannalta, kuinka uutislehti Der Spiegel on en toimintaa eri aikoina tulkinnut. Alkuperäislähteenä on käytetty pääasiassa saksalaisessa Der Spiegel - viikkolehdessä ilmestyneitä ryhmää käsitteleviä artikkeleita. Erityistä painoa on laitettu sille, miten ryhmän toiminnassa ja toimintaympäristössä tapahtuneet muutokset ovat vaikuttaneet eri ajankohtina julkaistuissa artikkeleissa näkyvissä oleviin tapoihin käsitellä ryhmää ilmiönä. Tarkastelu on rajattu koskemaan lähinnä vuosia 1970. 1977. 2007 ja 2008. Lisäksi mukaan on valikoitu vuosilta 1968. 1972 ja 1975 muutamia yksittäisiä artikkeleita. Aihe liittyy osaltaan keskusteluun sekä opiskelijaliikkeen radikalisoitumisesta 1960-ja 1970-lukujen vaihteessa että terrorismista laajempana ilmiönä. Tutkimustavoitetta lähestytään kolmen eri teeman kautta. Ensimmäisenä teemana tarkastellaan RAF:iin liittyviä artikkeleita siltä kannalta, mitä nimitystä ryhmästä on milloinkin käytetty. Toisena sitä. missä vaiheessa Der Spiegelissä alettiin pitää ryhmän toimintaa terrorismina ja toimijoita terroristeina ia kolmantena temaattisena aiheena analysoidaan sitä. millaista kirjoitustyyliä on ryhmää koskevissa artikkeleissa eri aikoina käytetty. Vuoden 1977 vaikutus siihen, kuinka ryhmästä kirjoitetaan vielä 2000-luvun alussa, on ollut suuri. Kun vielä RAF:n terroriaallon ollessa kovimmillaan syksyllä 1977 kerrottiin Der Spiegelissä ryhmän pitäneen Länsi-Saksaa polvillaan edeltäneet kaksi vuotta, puhuttiin vuonna 2007 seitsemästä vuodesta. Samanaikaisesti kun 2000-luvulla kirjoitetuissa artikkeleissa annetaan ryhmälle koko sen toiminnan ajaksi se asema ja nimi, jotka se oikeastaan lopulta sai vasta syksyn 1977 myötä ja vain muutamaksi kuukaudeksi, on artikkeleissa tyylillisesti kuitenkin palattu lähemmäs 1970-luvun alkua. Heti ryhmän perustamisen jälkeen ei sitä otettu vakavana yhteiskunnallisena toimijana ja tämä näkyi Der Spiegelin uutisoinnissa viihteellisenä kerrontatyylinä. Terroriaallon ollessa pahimmillaan ei tällainen kerrontatyyli ollut käytössä vaan RAF liitettiin osaksi laajempaa terrorismi-ilmiötä. Sen sijaan vuonna 2007 ilmestyneessä artikkelisarjassa jälleen palattiin samanlaiseen suorastaan vallankumousromantiikalla leikittelevään kerrontatyyliin. Näin Der Spiegelin tuli piirtäneeksi lähes neljässäkymmenessä vuodessa pitkän kaaren opiskelijaliikkeen äärilaidan radikalisoitumisesta 1960- ja 1970-lukujen vaihteessa aina Saksan liittotasavallan tuomiseen polvilleen 1977 ja yli kolmekymmentä vuotta aikaisemmin selleissään kuolleiden RAF-johtohahmojen muodostumiseen osaksi populaarikulttuuria 2000-luvun alussa.

Annual report 2000 - North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES). Ninth meeting, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan, October 20-28, 2000

Report of Opening Session (pdf 42 KB) Report of Governing Council Meetings (pdf 70 KB) Reports of Science Board and Committees: Science Board (pdf 57 KB) Biological Oceanography Committee (pdf 43 KB) Working Group 14: Effective Sampling of Micronekton Advisory Panel on Marine birds and mammals Fishery Science Committee (pdf 31 KB) Working Group 16 on Implications of Climate change to Fisheries Management Marine Environmental Quality Committee (pdf 47 KB) Working Group 8: Practical Assessment Methodology Working Group 15 on Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in the North Pacific Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee (pdf 41 KB) Working Group 13: CO2 in the North Pacific Implementation Panel on the CCCC Program (pdf 120 KB) BASS Task Team Advisory Panel on Iron Fertilization Experiment MODEL Task Team MONITOR Task Team Advisory Panel on Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey in the North Pacific REX Task Team Technical Committee on Data Exchange (pdf 24 KB) Finance and Administration: Report of the Finance and Administration Committee (pdf 49 KB) Assets on 31st of December, 1999 Income and Expenditures for 1999 Budget for 2001 Report of the Fund-Raising Committee (pdf 20 KB) Composition of the Organization (pdf 27 KB) List of Participants (pdf 94 KB) List of Acronyms (pdf 13 KB)

激光熔覆大厚度Fe_(57)Co_8Ni_8Zr_(10)Si_4B_(13)非晶表层及其微结构研究

利用激光熔覆制备出1.2mm厚的Fe_(57)Co_8Ni_8Zr_(10)Si_4B_(13)大厚度非晶表层。用XRD,ES,TEM,DSC及硬度对获得的非晶表层进行了多种分析，研究了非晶合金表层的微结构与非晶形成能力。初步探讨了大厚度非晶表层的形式机制。