Recursos sobre protección de los derechos de la mujer en Internet

Con el objetivo de contribuir a salvaguardar los derechos fundamentales de las mujeres, hemos realizado este trabajo en el que intentamos recoger de la manera más exhaustiva que permita un medio tan voluble y cambiantecomo internet, los recursos existentes en la red sobre la Protección de los Derechos de la Mujer, y de esta manera facilitar el acceso a los mismos. La intención que ha guiado desde un principio a la elaboración de estaobra ha sido proporcionar un recurso de información práctica a aquellos profesionalesque desarrollan tareas relacionadas con la protección de los derechos de la mujer, así como a cualquier otra persona interesada o que necesite estar informada sobre esta temática. Así pues, el objetivo que nos hemos marcado no ha sido otro que el dedesarrollar una guía que permita a sus usuarios/as encontrar en internet aquellas direcciones sobre Derechos de la Mujer que facilitan un contenido sustancial e interesante.

Antiretroviral activity of ancestral TRIM5alpha.

The antiretroviral protein TRIM5alpha is known to have evolved different restriction capacities against various retroviruses, driven by positive Darwinian selection. However, how these different specificities have evolved in the primate lineages is not fully understood. Here we used ancestral protein resurrection to estimate the evolution of antiviral restriction specificities of TRIM5alpha on the primate lineage leading to humans. We used TRIM5alpha coding sequences from 24 primates for the reconstruction of ancestral TRIM5alpha sequences using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Ancestral sequences were transduced into HeLa and CRFK cells. Stable cell lines were generated and used to test restriction of a panel of extant retroviruses (human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [HIV-1] and HIV-2, simian immunodeficiency virus [SIV] variants SIV(mac) and SIV(agm), and murine leukemia virus [MLV] variants N-MLV and B-MLV). The resurrected TRIM5alpha variant from the common ancestor of Old World primates (Old World monkeys and apes, approximately 25 million years before present) was effective against present day HIV-1. In contrast to the HIV-1 restriction pattern, we show that the restriction efficacy against other retroviruses, such as a murine oncoretrovirus (N-MLV), is higher for more recent resurrected hominoid variants. Ancestral TRIM5alpha variants have generally limited efficacy against HIV-2, SIV(agm), and SIV(mac). Our study sheds new light on the evolution of the intrinsic antiviral defense machinery and illustrates the utility of functional evolutionary reconstruction for characterizing recently emerged protein differences.

KH-7

El trabajo que presentamos a continuación analiza la situación de la empresa KH Lloreda en el mercado de productos desengrasantes. Concretamente hemos profundizado en la estrategia de márketing utilizada en la empresa a la hora de lanzar su producto KH-7.Decidimos elegir la empresa KH Lloreda y más concretamente el producto KH-7 porque nos llamó la atención que un producto destinado al uso diario de la limpieza del hogar hubiera tenido tanto éxito. ¿Cuál es la característica innovadora que hace que la gente prefiera este producto? Otro factor que también ha sido decisivo a la hora de elegir la empresa es la evolución de la compañía. Una empresa catalana de origen familiar ha logrado hacerse un hueco en el mercado y, en determinados sectores, ha logrado superar a grandes multinacionales. por esto hemos aprovechado esta ocasión para estudiar las estrategias que ha utilizado la empresa y más importante aún cómo las ha implementado para llegar hasta donde está ahora.El trabajo está estructurado en cuatro grandes partes. La primera trata de analizar los factores que pueden tener un impacto en la actividad de la empresa, tanto a nivel externo como dentro de la compañía.En la segunda hemos estudiado la estrategia que ha seguido la empresa al lanzar su producto KH-7, qué decisiones ha tomado, qué factores ha resaltado, de qué cosas han prescindido...La tercera comprende el análisis del apartado de márketing. Cómo ha dado a conocer la empresa el producto y cómo ha conseguido que los clientes se decanten por su producto antes que el de la competencia.Y por último, la cuarta parte del trabajo consiste en las conclusiones, analiza los resultados que hemos obtenido al estudiar cada una de las partes anteriores.por último creemos que es importante explicar brevemente qué esperamos obtener nosotros de la realización de este proyecto. Creemos que lo más importante que podemos aprender de él es que no sólo triunfan las grandes marcas y las grandes multinacionales con presencia mundial. Si se encuentra una buena idea de negocio, que normalmente viene dada por un hueco en el mercado, y se desarrolla una política empresarial coherente con el nuevo producto, las posibilidades de tener éxito en el mercado son muy elevadas, y con este trabajo intentamos demostrarlo.

Rentabilidad diagnóstica de las pruebas de provocación bronquial específicas en neumonitis por hipersensibilidad

Estudio de la rentabilidad diagnóstica de las pruebas de provocación bronquial específicas (PPBE) en la neumonitis por hipersensibilidad (NH) a partir de los pacientes derivados para la realización de dicha prueba entre junio de 1995 y diciembre de 2010. De los 113 pacientes, la prueba fue positiva en 68 de los cuales 64 fueron diagnosticados de NH. De los 45 con PPBE negativa, 24 se diagnosticaron de NH. La sensibilidad y especificidad fueron del 72.7% y 84%, respectivamente. En NH una PPBE positiva prácticamente confirma el diagnóstico, mientras que un resultado negativo no la descarta

Caracterização Sócio-cultural e a Prática de Educação Física da População Discente : “Caso Escola Secundária Manuel Lopes – Ano Lectivo 2006/07”

Este trabalho está orientado para abordar a aplicação de um conjunto de instrumentos e da sua consequente análise, perceber as inter-relações sociais, culturais e desportivo que se estabelecem entre os alunos, sobretudo ao nível do ambiente escolar. Aproveitando uma necessidade da escola constatada após conversas com elementos da direcção, apercebendo das vantagens de caracterizar os alunos, no que respeita à envolvência sócio-cultural, bem como condições de trabalho em casa e na aula de educação física e acompanhamento escolar por parte dos encarregados de educação. A partir deste conhecimento, procurar definir um conjunto de estratégias de actuação futuras, as quais deverão estar o mais possível adaptadas às necessidades e carências educativas destes alunos. Tais estratégias deverão potencializar dinâmica de grupo e desenvolver o sucesso educativo. Este estudo visa obter informação no que respeita à envolvência familiar, hábitos de estudo e forma de ocupação dos tempos livres e prática de educação física, por parte dos alunos, o que poderá apoiar a direcção da escola, bem como Subdirecção Administrativa e os restantes órgãos, no sentido de fornecer novos dados nesta matéria para optimizar os meios existentes e criar novos mecanismos que conduzam à melhoria da qualidade de ensino oferecida pela escola, respondendo assim às reais necessidades da comunidade escolar e da população envolvente.

Mononuclear cell transcriptome response after sustained virgin olive oil consumption in humans: an exploratory nutrigenomics study

Virgin olive oil (VOO) is considered to be one of the main components responsible for the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet, particularly against atherosclerosis where peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) play a crucial role in atherosclerosis development and progression. The objective of this article was to identify the PBMNC genes that respond to VOO consumption in order to ascertain the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial action of VOO in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Gene expression profiles of PBMNCs from healthy individuals were examined in pooled RNA samples by microarrays after 3 weeks of moderate and regular consumption of VOO, as the main fat source in a diet controlled for antioxidant content. Gene expression was verified by qPCR. The response to VOO consumption was confirmed for individual samples (n = 10) by qPCR for 10 upregulated genes (ADAM17, ALDH1A1, BIRC1, ERCC5, LIAS, OGT, PPARBP, TNFSF10, USP48, and XRCC5). Their putative role in the molecular mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis development and progression is discussed, focusing on a possible relation with VOO consumption. Our data support the hypothesis that 3 weeks of nutritional intervention with VOO supplementation, at doses common in the Mediterranean diet, can alter the expression of genes related to atherosclerosis development and progression.

Yhdysvaltain Presidentti Gerald R. Ford 18/11 1975

Kirje 18.11.1975

SMARTNews, Summer 07

News from the Iowa Careers Consortium

Fall '07 SMARTNews

News from the Iowa Careers Consortium

ATP release due to Thy-1-integrin binding induces P2X7-mediated calcium entry required for focal adhesion formation.

Thy-1, an abundant mammalian glycoprotein, interacts with αvβ3 integrin and syndecan-4 in astrocytes and thus triggers signaling events that involve RhoA and its effector p160ROCK, thereby increasing astrocyte adhesion to the extracellular matrix. The signaling cascade includes calcium-dependent activation of protein kinase Cα upstream of Rho; however, what causes the intracellular calcium transients required to promote adhesion remains unclear. Purinergic P2X7 receptors are important for astrocyte function and form large non-selective cation pores upon binding to their ligand, ATP. Thus, we evaluated whether the intracellular calcium required for Thy-1-induced cell adhesion stems from influx mediated by ATP-activated P2X7 receptors. Results show that adhesion induced by the fusion protein Thy-1-Fc was preceded by both ATP release and sustained intracellular calcium elevation. Elimination of extracellular ATP with Apyrase, chelation of extracellular calcium with EGTA, or inhibition of P2X7 with oxidized ATP, all individually blocked intracellular calcium increase and Thy-1-stimulated adhesion. Moreover, Thy-1 mutated in the integrin-binding site did not trigger ATP release, and silencing of P2X7 with specific siRNA blocked Thy-1-induced adhesion. This study is the first to demonstrate a functional link between αvβ3 integrin and P2X7 receptors, and to reveal an important, hitherto unanticipated, role for P2X7 in calcium-dependent signaling required for Thy-1-stimulated astrocyte adhesion.

FY 07 Recycled Content Plastic Bag and Soy Inks Report

As required in Iowa Code section 307.21, this is a summary of purchasing activity for soy-based inks and recycled content trash bags. The figures are for fiscal year 2007.

Neuronal Thy-1 induces astrocyte adhesion by engaging syndecan-4 in a cooperative interaction with alphavbeta3 integrin that activates PKCalpha and RhoA.

Clustering of alphavbeta3 integrin after interaction with the RGD-like integrin-binding sequence present in neuronal Thy-1 triggers formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers in astrocytes via RhoA activation. A putative heparin-binding domain is present in Thy-1, raising the possibility that this membrane protein stimulates astrocyte adhesion via engagement of an integrin and the proteoglycan syndecan-4. Indeed, heparin, heparitinase treatment and mutation of the Thy-1 heparin-binding site each inhibited Thy-1-induced RhoA activation, as well as formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers in DI TNC(1) astrocytes. These responses required both syndecan-4 binding and signaling, as evidenced by silencing syndecan-4 expression and by overexpressing a syndecan-4 mutant lacking the intracellular domain, respectively. Furthermore, lack of RhoA activation and astrocyte responses in the presence of a PKC inhibitor or a dominant-negative form of PKCalpha implicated PKCalpha and RhoA activation in these events. Therefore, combined interaction of the astrocyte alphavbeta3-integrin-syndecan-4 receptor pair with Thy-1, promotes adhesion to the underlying matrix via PKCalpha- and RhoA-dependent pathways. Importantly, signaling events triggered by such receptor cooperation are shown here to be the consequence of cell-cell rather than cell-matrix interactions. These observations are likely to be of widespread biological relevance because Thy-1-integrin binding is reportedly relevant to melanoma invasion, monocyte transmigration through endothelial cells and host defense mechanisms.