重离子相对生物学效应的实验测定及生物有效剂量的验证

重离子高的相对生物学效应（relative biological effectiveness ，简称RBE）是将其应用于放疗治癌的生物学优势。生物有效剂量(GyE) = RBE

长期定位施肥对保护地土壤供钾特性的影响

研究了16年定位施肥条件下,不同施肥方式对蔬菜保护地土壤中有效钾含量与土壤供钾特性的影响。结果表明:土壤全钾含量保持在较高水平22.43～26.92g.kg-1;与不施有机肥处理相比,长期施用有机肥后土壤全钾含量有所下降(单施磷肥处理除外),但不同的化肥单施或配施对土壤全钾含量影响不大;长期单施或化学肥料配施土壤的供钾强度和钾素有效率都不高,但施用有机肥明显提高了土壤有效钾含量及土壤的供钾能力,其中,长期单施化学钾肥土壤中有效钾含量为195.60mg.kg-1,单施有机肥处理为460.14mg.kg-1,而化学钾肥与有机肥配施后增长为621.06mg.kg-1;土壤供钾强度和钾素有效率在施用有机肥后也大幅度提高。

坡地土壤养分迁移与流失影响因素研究进展

综合国内外有关文献,论述了坡地土壤养分迁移与流失的影响因素,包括降雨特征、下垫面条件、土壤特征、管理措施等,表明坡地土壤养分迁移与流失是一个复杂的物理化学过程;坡地养分迁移与流失的形态和途径,主要为吸附于泥沙颗粒表面的养分随径流液(溶解态)和泥沙(结合态)流出坡地和部分养分的淋溶;强调了坡地养分流失对环境污染的严重影响,而且污染范围很广,在污染河流和地下水的同时导致水体富营养化,同时因反硝化过程所产生的氮氧化合物对大气也形成了污染。最后介绍了坡地养分流失的预测预报模型,并在此基础上,讨论了坡地养分迁移与流失研究存在的问题和发展趋势。

炼厂废水的回用及发展趋势

回顾当前炼厂废水的国内外回用现状并论述了废水的基本回用方式。根据废水特性和回用水质要求 ,分析了废水回用在技术和经济上的可行性 ,并结合我国炼厂废水处理的特点和工艺装置的用水、排水情况 ,给出了适合炼厂废水各种回用途径的具体建议 ,同时也预测了我国炼厂废水回用的发展趋势。

我国西南主要干旱河谷生态及其研究进展

在广泛查阅前人工作的基础上,发现到目前为止,对干旱河谷生态方面的研究主要集中在成土特征和土壤养分水分分布特征、植被状况及生态恢复上。认为干旱河谷生态研究的进一步工作应该注重人为因素的研究,对干旱河谷区人口与生态环境间不协调的方面进行干预,以实现该区域人口与生态环境的良性互动;加强景观生态学研究和多尺度集成,利用景观生态学原理、方法来探讨干旱河谷景观结构和功能的相应变化,寻求维持区域生态安全的关键机制。

Pressure effects on thermodynamics of phase behavior in polystyrene/methylcyclohexane solutions

The calculations presented in this paper are based on the Sanchez-Lacombe (SL) lattice fluid theory. The interaction energy parameter, g*(12)/k, required in this approach was obtained by fitting the cloud points of polystyrene (PS) /methyleyclohexane (MCH) polymer solutions under pressure. The SL lattice fluid theory was used to calculate the spinodals, the binodals, and the Flory-Huggins (FH) interaction parameter of the solutions. The calculated results show that the SL lattice fluid theory can describe the dependences of thermodynamics of PS/MCH solutions on temperature and pressure very well. However, the calculated enthalpy and the excess volume changes indicate that the Clausius-Clapeyron equation cannot be suitable to describe pressure effect on PS/MCH solutions. Further analysis on the thermodynamics of this system under pressure shows that the role of entropy is more important than the excess volume in the present case.

Synthesis and characterization of novel bipolar PPV-based copolymer containing triazole and carbazole units

Two new blue light-emitting PPV-based conjugated copolymers containing both an electron-withdrawing unit (triazole-TAZ) and electron-rich moieties (carbazole-CAR and bicarbazole-BCAR) were prepared by Wittig condensation polymerization between the triazole diphosphonium salt and the corresponding dialdehyde monomers. Their structures and properties were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, UV-Vis, PL spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. The resulting copolymers are soluble in common organic solvents and thermally stable with a T-g of 147degreesC for TAZ-CAR-PPV and of 157degreesC for TAZ-BCAR-PPV. The maximum photoluminescence wavelengths of TAZ-CAR-PPV and TAZ-BCAR-PPV film appear at 460 nm and 480 nm, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry measurement demonstrates that TAZ-BCAR-PPV has good electrochemical reversibility, while TAZ-CAR-PPV exhibits the irreversible redox process. The triazole unit was found to be an effective pi-conjugation interrupter and can play the rigid spacer role in determining the emission colour of the resulting copolymer.

Determination of rare earth elements in biological samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A method for the determiantion of rare earth elements in biological sampels by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed. Oxide ion yield of the rare earth elements (RFE) decreased with the increasing of RF power and the sampling depth, or with the decreasing of carrier gas flow rate. The spectral interference arising from (PrO)-Pr-141-O-16 on Gd-157 must be corrected. if the concentration of Ba was high enough, it was necessary to correct the spectral interference arising from (BO)-B-135-O-16 on Eu-151, and it was not necessary to correct spectral interference arising from (NdO)-Nd-143-O-16 on Tb-159 etc. in the biological samples under the selected operation parameters. In the biological sample, the major matrix elements, such as K, Na and Ca, result in the suppression of REEs signals and the suppression degree of the Ca is grezter than that of the K and Na. The mussel sample was digested by thd dry ashing, wet digestion with HNO3 + H2O2 and HNO3 + HClO4, respectively. The analytical results of REEs were consistent with each other. Detection limits for REEs are 0.001 similar to 0.013 mu g/L. Recoveries of standard addition are 91.7% similar to 125%. REEs in biological samples were determined directly without separation and preconcentration procedure.

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定生物样品中稀土元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了生物样品中的稀土元素.稀土元素的氧化物离子产率随入射功率和采样深度增加,载气流速减小而降低.在选择的测量条件下,~(141)Pr~(16)O对~(157)Gd的测定可产生严重干扰,必须校正,当样品中钡含量较高时,应考虑校正~(135)Ba对~(151)Eu的干扰.生物样品的主要基体元素K、Na和Ca在浓度较高时,对稀土元素的信号强度均表现出抑制效应,且Ca的抑制程度大于K和Na.比较了干灰化、HNO_3+H_2O_2和HNO_3+HClO_4 3种样品消解方法,结果表明,3种消解方法可得到一致的结果.稀土元素的检出限为0.001～0.013μg/L,标准加入回收率为91.7%～125%,不经分离富集可直接测定生物样品中的超痕量稀土元素.