Translation initiation of ornithine decarboxylase and nucleocytoplasmic transport of cyclin D1 mRNA are increased in cells overexpressing eukaryotic initiation factor 4E.

The structure of m7GpppN (where N is any nucleotide), termed cap, is present at the 5' end of all eukaryotic cellular mRNAs (except organellar). The eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E) binds to the cap and facilitates the formation of translation initiation complexes. eIF-4E is implicated in control of cell growth, as its overexpression causes malignant transformation of rodent cells and deregulates HeLa cell growth. It was suggested that overexpression of eIF-4E results in the enhanced translation of poorly translated mRNAs that encode growth-promoting proteins. Indeed, enhanced expression of several proteins, including cyclin D1 and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), was documented in eIF-4E-overexpressing NTH 3T3 cells. However, the mechanism underlying this increase has not been elucidated. Here, we studied the mode by which eIF-4E increases the expression of cyclin D1 and ODC. We show that the increase in the amount of cyclin D1 and ODC is directly proportional to the degree of eIF-4E overexpression. Two mechanisms, which are not mutually exclusive, are responsible for the increase. In eIF-4E-overexpressing cells the rate of translation initiation of ODC mRNA was increased inasmuch as the mRNA sedimented with heavier polysomes. For cyclin D1 mRNA, translation initiation was not increased, but rather its amount in the cytoplasm increased, without a significant increase in total mRNA. Whereas, in the parental NIH 3T3 cell line, a large proportion of the cyclin D1 mRNA was confined to the nucleus, in eIF-4E-overexpressing cells the vast majority of the mRNA was present in the cytoplasm. These results indicate that eIF-4E affects directly or indirectly mRNA nucleocytoplasmic transport, in addition to its role in translation initiation.

cAMP- and rapamycin-sensitive regulation of the association of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E and the translational regulator PHAS-I in aortic smooth muscle cells.

Incubating rat aortic smooth muscle cells with either platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF) or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increased the phosphorylation of PHAS-I, an inhibitor of the mRNA cap binding protein, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E. Phosphorylation of PHAS-I promoted dissociation of the PHAS-I-eIF-4E complex, an effect that could partly explain the stimulation of protein synthesis by the two growth factors. Increasing cAMP with forskolin decreased PHAS-I phosphorylation and markedly increased the amount of eIF-4E bound to PHAS-I, effects consistent with an action of cAMP to inhibit protein synthesis. Both PDGF and IGF-I activated p70S6K, but only PDGF increased mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Forskolin decreased by 50% the effect of PDGF on increasing p70S6K, and forskolin abolished the effect of IGF-I on the kinase. The effects of PDGF and IGF-I on increasing PHAS-I phosphorylation, on dissociating the PHAS-I-eIF-4E complex, and on increasing p70S6K were abolished by rapamycin. The results indicate that IGF-I and PDGF increase PHAS-I phosphorylation in smooth muscle cells by the same rapamycin-sensitive pathway that leads to activation of p70S6K.

Quelques observations sur les six premiers volumes (4e édition) de l'Histoire de France de m. Henri Martin,

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Comptes faits de barrême en francs et en centimes : suivis 1e Du rapport de la livre tournois au Franc et du Franc à la Livre tournois ; 2e Du Tarif des Écus et des Louis ; 3e Du calcul de l'intérêt de l'argent... ; 4e De la conversion de la Livre en Kilogramme... ; 5e Du Tarif du prix des Glaces calculé en pouces et en centimètres.

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Isländska handskriften no. 645, 4e i den Arnamagnaeanska samlingen på Universitetsbiblioteket i København i diplomatariskt aftryck utgifven. I.

Akademisk afhandling--Lund.

L'art de cultiver les mûriers. Traduit de l'italien avec des notes, sur la 4e éd.,

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BP1, un gène homéotique distal-less et son rôle dans l'érythropoïèse murine définitive

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

BP1, un gène homéotique distal-less et son rôle dans l'érythropoïèse murine définitive

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The clinical significance of 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 duplications: - Where do we stand?

The 15q11.2-q13 region has been well characterized, being associated with a range of syndromatic copy number variants (CNVs), and comprises five established break points sites (BP1 to BP5). While the clinical effect for BP1-BP3, BP2-BP3 and BP4-BP5 CNVs is well established, the same cannot be said for BP1-BP2 CNVs. Recently the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion has been reviewed, emerging as a microdeletion syndrome with low penetrance and variable expressivity being the CNV frequently inherited from a healthy parent. This microdeletion is considered to be a risk factor for several neurodevelopment disorders. For the reciprocal duplication the picture has been less conclusive. Aiming for a better understanding of the clinical significance of this CNV, we collected patients with intellectual disability and/or other clinical features, referred for microarray testing, gathering clinical details for the ones with the duplication. Data was collected from two genetic laboratories. With a total of 1545 patients, we identified eleven carrying the duplication at 15q11.2 BP1-BP2. It was possible to assess inheritance in only four cases, all inherited from a healthy parent. All patients presented intellectual disability,and facial dysmorphism was the second most common feature observed. Microcephaly, autism, congenital abnormalities, dystonia and cataplexy where reported individually. The magnitude of the effect of 15q11.2 duplication remains elusive, and the outcome unclear, posing a major challenge to genetic counseling. Nevertheless, we expect the collection of more of these cases will establish this gain, as it happened with the reciprocal deletion, as a microduplication syndrome with low penetrance and variable expressivity.

La question des stéréotypes sexuels dans les aspirations professionnelles des filles et des garçons de 4e et 5e secondaire

Cet essai traite de la présence des stéréotypes sexuels en rapport avec les aspirations professionnelles des filles et des garçons de 4e et 5e secondaire. Ainsi, malgré le fait que divers travaux de recherche se sont penchés sur les facteurs d’influence des choix d’orientation d’élèves du secondaire, peu d’études se sont spécifiquement attardées à considérer la place qu’occupent les stéréotypes sexuels dans les aspirations professionnelles de ces jeunes. Pour ce faire, une analyse des aspirations professionnelles recueillies l’aide du Questionnaire de maturité vocationnelle (QMV) (Fangeaux, Gingras, Yergeau, Yergeau et Thériault, 2014; Gingras, Yergeau et Bolduc, 2014) administré à 1416 jeunes a été effectuée de façon globale et en fonction du genre. Cette démarche a permis de procéder au classement des aspirations professionnelles des filles et des garçons selon le secteur de la formation professionnelle et technique représenté ainsi qu’en fonction de la profession mentionnée. Les résultats démontrent que ces élèves ont tendance à indiquer des aspirations professionnelles qui se retrouvent dans certains secteurs du monde du travail en particulier et que la majorité de celles-ci réfèrent à des stéréotypes sexuels. En ce sens, les filles aspirent généralement à des professions et des secteurs du monde du travail qui sont traditionnellement féminins alors que pour les garçons, ces secteurs et professions sont dans la plupart des cas, traditionnellement masculins. D’autres recherches pourraient être menées afin quantifier l’influence des stéréotypes sexuels sur les aspirations professionnelles de ces jeunes ainsi que pour vérifier si ceux-ci se maintiennent ou non dans le temps.

Listeria monocytogenes in two different poultry facilities: Manual and automatic evisceration

Listeriosis is a serious foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a pathogen often found in food processing plants. Poultry meat and its derivatives may harbor L. monocytogenes even if good manufacturing practices are implanted in abattoirs. Little information exists in Brazil on the frequency of L. monocytogenes contamination, even though the country is considered the top poultry meat exporter in the world. This study attempted to compare 2 exporters poultry facilities following same the standards but differing only in manual (plant M) or automatic (plant A) evisceration. Eight hundred fifty-one samples from food, food contact and non-food contact surfaces, water, and workers` hands were collected from cage to finished products over a 1-yr period. In plant A, 20.1% of the samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, whereas in plant M, 16.4% was found. The greatest incidence of contamination with the pathogen in plant A was found in non- food contact surfaces (27.3%), while in plant M, it was found in products (19.4%). The most prevalent serovars were 1/2a or 3a (plant M) and 4b, 4d, or 4e (plant A). Despite having proper hygiene and good manufacturing practices, controlling the entry and persistence of L. monocytogenes in processing facilities remains a formidable task.

Synthesis of naturally occurring diene and trienes by Te/Li exchange on (1Z,3Z)-butyltelluro-4-methoxy-1,3-butadiene

(1Z,3Z)-Butyltelluro-o-4-methoxy-1,3-butadiene 2 was obtained by the hydrotelluration of(Z)-1-methoxy-but-1-en-3-ynes 1. The butadienyllithium 3 obtained by the Te/Li exchange reaction in the (1Z,3Z)-1-butyltelluro-4-methoxy-1.3-butadiene 2 reacted with aldehydes to form the corresponding alcohols 4a-d with total retention of configuration. The alcohols formed undergo hydrolysis, resulting in the alpha,beta,gamma,delta-unsaturated aldehydes of (E,E) configuration, which are precursors of trienes obtained from natural sources. The products of this reaction were employed in the synthesis of methyl-(2E,4E)-decadienoate 7, which is a component of the flavor principles of ripe Bartlett pears. Performing the Wittig reaction of the methyl triphenylphosphorane with the deca-(2E,4E)-dienal 5a, we were able to synthesize the undeca-(1,3E,5E)-triene 6a. This compound is a sex-pheromone component of the marine brown algae Fucus serratus, Dictyopteris plagiograma, and Dictyopteris australis. Performing the Wittig reaction of methyl triphenylphosphorane with the octa-(2E,4E)-dienal 5c, the nona-(1,3E,5E)-triene 6b was synthesized. The compound obtained is a sex-pheromone component of the marine brown alga Sargassum horneri. The octa-( 1,3E,5E)-triene 6c was easily obtained from hepta-(2E,4E)-dienal 5d by the Wittig reaction with methyl triphenylphophorane. This compound is a sex-pheromone component of the marine brown alga Fucus serratus. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Absorção e translocação do P32 em função do número de raízes adventícias da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp)

Este trabalho visa a determinar a influência do número de raízes do tolete da cana-de-açúcar, na absorção e translocação do p32das raízes para a gema. A pesquisa foi realizada no Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura - CENA, em Piracicaba, SP, durante o período de 1981-82. O experimento foi montado em blocos casualizados, com tratamentos de: 1, 2, 4e 8raízes de 25 dias de idade, de toletes + 10-Kuijper, unigemares, com 4 repetições. As raízes absorveram NaH2P(32)04 a 10-4M, durante 24 horas. Após a absorção, os toletes foram divididos em suas partes - raízes, gema, nó, internódio superior e internódio inferior, e processados convencionalmente, para as determinações da radioatividade, por meio de um contador Geiger-Muller. As determinações da radioatividade mostraram que o P32 absorvido e translocado para a gema aumentou com o numero de raízes.