周期轨道的量子化与量子能谱中的长程关联

用二维可积系统的半经典量子化方案和二维无关联振子系统的量子能级与周期轨道之间的对应关系 ,讨论了一组量子能级之间具有长程关联的内在机制 ,在二维无关联振子系统中 ,发现了具有相同拓扑M(M1 ,M2 )的周期轨道相对应的量子能级之间存在着长程关联 ,并以二维 4次无关联振子系统为例做了具体说明 .

重离子束在医学治疗中的应用

重离子束治癌是重离子束在医疗领域中的一项典型的应用技术 .文章从重离子束在物理学与生物学上的特点 ,描述了它对肿瘤治疗具有的优越性 :物理剂量深度分布在射程末端有一个能量沉积集中区 ,其深度和大小均可调节 ;在靶区的相对生物效率 (RBE)高、氧增比 (OER)低 ;射程歧离与横向散射小 ;利用正电子发射断层照相 (PET)技术可以实时在线监测 ;可以三维扫描进行适形治疗 ;半致死损伤修复小 ;辐射敏感性不依赖细胞周期时相 .文章还介绍了这项技术的国内外进展 ,并对其未来进行了展望 .

长白山地区蒙古栎光合特性

基于单叶尺度上的光强-光合响应以及CO2-光合响应测定,对长白山地区蒙古栎成树和幼树的光合特性分别进行了研究.结果表明,蒙古栎成树的光补偿点Lcp为21μmol/(m2·s),光饱和点Lsp为1564μmol/(m2·s),表观量子效率α为0·045;幼树的Lcp、Lsp、α以及CO2补偿点、饱和点分别为29μmol/(m2·s)、1581μmol/(m2·s)、0·049、73μmol/mol、625μmol/mol.幼树和成树具有相似的光响应特征,但前者的光合同化能力要高于后者.蒙古栎具有典型的喜光性,但对高光的利用效率要低于弱光.

科尔沁沙地70种草本植物个体和构件生物量比较研究

比较分析了科尔沁沙地70种草本植物盛花期时的个体和构件生物量特性。结果表明:43种植物个体生物量小于5.0 g,大部分物种根、茎、叶、花等构件的生物量均小于2.0 g,62种植物的根冠比小于1,说明70种草本植物中的大部分物种以地上生物量为主,只有少数物种具有较发达的地下根系。植物各构件生物量之间呈显著正相关,对个体生物量的贡献率为:茎>叶>根>花。多年生和1~2年生物种的个体生物量以及各构件生物量均无显著差异,但1~2年生物种的茎和地上生物量对个体生物量的贡献率显著高于多年生物种,而多年生物种的地下生物量对个体生物量的贡献率显著高于1~2年生物种,不同构件对生物量贡献率的差异有利于不同生活型植物的种群扩散和繁衍。

不同坡度草地含沙水流水力学特性及其拦沙机理

参照黄土区侵蚀降雨和坡面片蚀产沙特征,采用恒流泥沙输送装置模拟坡面上方来水来沙,探讨不同坡度草地含沙水流的水力学特性及其对上方来沙的拦蓄机理。结果表明,草地坡面的水流弗劳德数随坡度增大而增加,而阻力系数与坡度呈反势。按明渠水流的一般标准,不同坡度草地水流均为层状缓流。草地坡面拦沙效应随坡度增大而减小,且径流前期的减沙作用较后期更为显著。不同坡度草地坡面的出流泥沙平均直径和大颗粒(>10μm)泥沙含量均显著小于上方来沙,这说明草地的拦沙效应主要体现在对大粒径泥沙的拦蓄上。

浅谈专用肥在绿色食品农业生产中的作用

浅谈专用肥在绿色食品农业生产中的作用刘子江（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所）中图分类号Ｓ１４３．６随着我国经济的不断发展，保护生态环境、提高人民身体健康日益引起人们的关注。其中，生产和深加工无污染、安全、优质、营养类绿色食品是其重要任务之一。１９９５～...

玉米秸秆还田培肥土壤的效果

辽北地区玉米根茬还田、秸秆直接还田或间接还田的 3年微区培肥试验研究结果表明 ,无机肥的增产效果特别明显 ,而施用有机物料 ,更主要的作用是改善土壤的物理、化学性质 ,培肥地力 .与无肥对照相比 ,有机无机肥料配合施用可使土壤有机质提高 3.0 6 %～ 2 7.78% ,各有机物料对土壤有机质提高的顺序依次为 10 0 %秸秆 >5 0 %秸秆 >土粪 >牛粪 >33%秸秆 >根茬 .在含C量相等的条件下 ,秸秆对土壤有机质的保持和提高好于土粪 ,土粪好于牛粪 .同时 ,与单施化肥比 ,有机无机肥料配合施用可使土壤易氧化有机质增加 10 .91%～ 2 0 .6 7% ,使浸提腐殖酸提高 1.4 3%～ 14 .2 8% ,使结合态腐殖酸的松 /紧比值提高0 .0 7～ 0 .19,HA/FA比值提高 0 .0 7～ 0 .2 4 ,并且能改善土壤的N、P、K营养状况、土壤水分和土壤孔隙状况 ,这标志着土壤有机质活性的提高和土壤肥力状况的改善 .因此 ,应该大力提倡玉米秸秆秋季直接还田 ,其最佳施入量应为当年生产量的 30 %～ 5 0 % .

Syntheses, crystal structures, visible and near-IR luminescent properties of ternary lanthanide (Dy3+, Tm3+) complexes containing 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione and 1,10-phenanthroline

The ligands 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1.3-butanedione (Hbfa) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) were used to prepare ternary lanthanide (Ln) complexes [Dy(bfa)(3)phen and Tm(bfa)(3)phen]. Crystal data: Dy(bfa)(3)phen C(42)H(26)FqN(2)O(6)Dy, triclinic, P (1) over bar, a= 9.9450(6) angstrom, b = 14.0944(9) angstrom, c = 14.6043(9) angstrom, alpha = 82.104(1)degrees, beta = 87.006(1)degrees, gamma = 76.490(1)degrees, V = 1971.1(2)angstrom(3), Z = 2; Tm(bfa)(3)phen C42H26F9N2O6Tm, triclinic, P (1) over bar, a = 9.898(5)angstrom, b = 13.918(5)angstrom, c = 14.753(5)angstrom, a = 83.517(5)degrees, alpha = 86.899(5)degrees, gamma = 76.818(5)degrees, V = 1965.3(14)angstrom(3), Z = 2. The coordination number of the central Ln(3+) (Ln = Dy, Tm) ion is eight, with six oxygen atoms from three Hbfa ligands and two nitrogen atoms from the phen ligand.

Novel pH- and temperature-responsive block copolymers with tunable pH-responsive range

A series of novel pH- and temperature-responsive diblock copolymers composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly[(L-glutamic acid)-co-(gamma-benzyl L-glutamate)] [P(GA-co-BLG)] were prepared. The influence of hydrophobic benzyl groups on the phase transition of the copolymers was studied for the first time. With increasing BLG content in P(GA-co-BLG) block, the thermal phase transition of the diblock copolymer became sharper at a designated pH and the critical curve of phase diagram of the diblock copolymer shifted to a higher pH region.

Controllable Red, Green, Blue (RGB) and Bright White Upconversion Luminescence of Lu2O3:Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+ Nanocrystals through Single Laser Excitation at 980 nm

Lu2O3:Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+ nanocrystals have been successfully synthesized by a solvothermal process followed by a subsequent heat treatment at 800 degrees C. Powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, upconversion photoluminescence spectra, and kinetic decay were used to characterize the samples. Under single-wavelength diode laser excitation of 980 nm, the bright blue emissions of Lu2O3:Yb3+, Tm3+ nanocrystals near 477 and 490 nm were observed due to the (1)G(4)-> H-3(6) transition of Tm3+. The bright green UC emissions of Lu2O3:Er3+ nanocrystals appeared near 540 and 565 nm were observed and assigned to the H-2(11/2)-> I-4(15/2) and S-4(3/2)-> I-4(15/2) transitions, respectively, of Er3+. The ratio of the intensity of green luminescence to that of red luminescence decreases with an increase of concentration of Yb3+ in Lu2O3:Er3+ nanocrystals.

Native growth of vertically pattened ZnO nanowire arrays under mild conditions without templates or catalysts

Based on the implications of a pellet experiment,we have designed and implemented a low temperature(≤90℃) approach to generate native patterned,vertically aligned ZnO nanoarrys without any templates or catalysts.This simple,economic and spontaneous patterning process offers a promising avenue for overcoming several inherent limitations of the artificial manners[1].While the purity,orientation and electrical properties of the as prepared materials allow them to be applied in various fields.

Patterned self-adaptive polymer brushes by "grafting to" approach and microcontact printing

Patterned self-adaptive PS/P2VP mixed polymer brushes were prepared by "grafting to" approach combining with microcontact printing (muCP). The properties of the patterned surface were investigated by lateral force microscopy (LFM), XPS and water condensation figures. In the domains with grafted P2VP, the PS/P2VP mixed brushes demonstrated reversible switching behavior upon exposure to selective solvents for different components. The chemical composition of the top layer as well as the surface wettability can be well tuned due to the perpendicular phase segregation in the mixed brushes. While in the domains without grafted P2VP, the grafted PS did not have the capability of switching. The development and erasing of the pattern is reversible under different solvent treatment.