Plant growth and leaf-spot severity on eucalypt at different CO2concentrations in the air

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of increased air-CO2 concentration on plant growth and on leaf-spot caused by Cylindrocladium candelabrumin Eucalyptus urophylla. Seedlings were cultivated for 30 days at 451, 645, 904, and 1,147 µmol mol-1 CO2 ; then, they were inoculated with the pathogen and kept under the same conditions for seven days. Increased CO2concentration increased plant height and shoot dry matter mass, and decreased disease incidence and severity. Stem diameter was not affected by the treatments. Increased concentrations of atmospheric CO2 favorably affect eucalypt growth and reduce leaf-spot severity.

Vaccines safety; effect of supervision or SMS on reporting rates of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with meningitis vaccine (MenAfriVac?): a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: To ensure vaccines safety, given the weaknesses of the national pharmacovigilance system in Cameroon, there is a need to identify effective interventions that can contribute to improving AEFI reporting. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of: (i) sending weekly SMS, or (ii) weekly supervisory visits on AEFI reporting rate during a meningitis immunization campaign conducted in Cameroon in 2012 using the meningitis A conjugate vaccine (MenAfriVac?). METHODS: Health facilities that met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to receive: (i) a weekly standardized SMS, (ii) a weekly standardized supervisory visits or (iii) no intervention. The primary outcome was the reported AEFI incidence rate from week 5 to 8 after the immunization campaign. Poisson regression model was used to estimate the effect of interventions after adjusting for health region, type of health facility, type and position of health workers as well as the cumulative number of AEFI reported from weeks 1 to 4. RESULTS: A total of 348 (77.2%) of 451 health facility were included, and 116 assigned to each of three groups. The incidence rate of reported AEFI per 100 health facility per week was 20.0 (15.9-24.1) in the SMS group, 40.2 (34.4-46.0) in supervision group and 13.6 (10.1-16.9) in the control group. Supervision led to a significant increase of AEFI reporting rate compared to SMS [adjusted RR=2.1 (1.6-2.7); p<0.001] and control [RR=2.8(2.1-3.7); p<0.001)] groups. The effect of SMS led to some increase in AEFI reporting rate compared to the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant [RR=1.4(0.8-1.6); p=0.07)]. CONCLUSION: Supervision was more effective than SMS or routine surveillance in improving AEFI reporting rate. It should be part of any AEFI surveillance system. SMS could be useful in improving AEFI reporting rates but strategies need to be found to improve its effectiveness, and thus maximize its benefits.

Breaking up the writing process: how wikis can support understanding the composition and revision strategies of young writers

Understanding how best to support immature writers in the development of their understanding of the writing process is an important concern for researchers and teachers. Social technologies have become key features of leisure and work place writing, yet knowledge about how to design educational settings that take full advantage of the affordances of web 2.0 technologies to support early writing is scarce. This paper presents a small scale study that investigated how writing in a wiki environment might facilitate and support students’ use of composition and revision strategies. Our findings show that wiki can enlarge young writers’ experience of the process of composition and revision both through their own efforts and by observing the process in others. In this study students employed a wide range of types of revisions both surface and text based changes. These revisions took place during the process of composition as well as at the end. It is argued here that writing in a wiki not only provides young writers with experience of a mode of composition prevalent in the contemporary work environment, but breaks up the process of writing in a way that may support students’ understanding of the processes of composition and revision.

Up-regulated 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ proteins in prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia: effect of psychotropic treatment.

14-3-3 is a family of conserved regulatory proteins that bind to a multitude of functionally diverse signalling proteins. Various genetic studies and gene expression and proteomic analyses have involved 14-3-3 proteins in schizophrenia (SZ). On the other hand, studies about the status of these proteins in major depressive disorder (MD) are still missing. Immunoreactivity values of cytosolic 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ proteins were evaluated by Western blot in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of subjects with schizophrenia (SZ; n=22), subjects with major depressive disorder (MD; n=21) and age-, gender- and postmortem delay-matched control subjects (n=52). The modulation of 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ proteins by psychotropic medication was also assessed. The analysis of both proteins in SZ subjects with respect to matched control subjects showed increased 14-3-3β (Δ=33±10%, p<0.05) and 14-3-3ζ (Δ=29±6%, p<0.05) immunoreactivity in antipsychotic-free but not in antipsychotic-treated SZ subjects. Immunoreactivity values of 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ were not altered in MD subjects. These results show the specific up-regulation of 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ proteins in PFC of SZ subjects and suggest a possible down-regulation of both proteins by antipsychotic treatment.

EMS mutagenesis in mature seed-derived rice calli as a new method for rapidly obtaining tilling mutant populations.

Background: TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is a reverse genetic method that combines chemical mutagenesis with high-throughput genome-wide screening for point mutation detection in genes of interest. However, this mutation discovery approach faces a particular problem which is how to obtain a mutant population with a sufficiently high mutation density. Furthermore, plant mutagenesis protocols require two successive generations (M1, M2) for mutation fixation to occur before the analysis of the genotype can begin. Results: Here, we describe a new TILLING approach for rice based on ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of mature seed-derived calli and direct screening of in vitro regenerated plants. A high mutagenesis rate was obtained (i.e. one mutation in every 451 Kb) when plants were screened for two senescence-related genes. Screening was carried out in 2400 individuals from a mutant population of 6912. Seven sense change mutations out of 15 point mutations were identified. Conclusions: This new strategy represents a significant advantage in terms of time-savings (i.e. more than eight months), greenhouse space and work during the generation of mutant plant populations. Furthermore, this effective chemical mutagenesis protocol ensures high mutagenesis rates thereby saving in waste removal costs and the total amount of mutagen needed thanks to the mutagenesis volume reduction.

Internet-Based Brief Intervention to Prevent Unhealthy Alcohol Use among Young Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Alcohol use is one of the leading modifiable morbidity and mortality risk factors among young adults. 2 parallel-group randomized controlled trial with follow-up at 1 and 6 months. Internet based study in a general population sample of young men with low-risk drinking, recruited between June 2012 and February 2013. Intervention: Internet-based brief alcohol primary prevention intervention (IBI). The IBI aims at preventing an increase in alcohol use: it consists of normative feedback, feedback on consequences, calorific value alcohol, computed blood alcohol concentration, indication that the reported alcohol use is associated with no or limited risks for health. Intervention group participants received the IBI. Control group (CG) participants completed only an assessment. Alcohol use (number of drinks per week), binge drinking prevalence. Analyses were conducted in 2014-2015. Of 4365 men invited to participate, 1633 did so; 896 reported low-risk drinking and were randomized (IBI: n = 451; CG: n = 445). At baseline, 1 and 6 months, the mean (SD) number of drinks/week was 2.4(2.2), 2.3(2.6), 2.5(3.0) for IBI, and 2.4(2.3), 2.8(3.7), 2.7(3.9) for CG. Binge drinking, absent at baseline, was reported by 14.4% (IBI) and 19.0% (CG) at 1 month and by 13.3% (IBI) and 13.0% (CG) at 6 months. At 1 month, beneficial intervention effects were observed on the number of drinks/week (p = 0.05). No significant differences were observed at 6 months. We found protective short term effects of a primary prevention IBI. Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN55991918.

Veränderung von Inzidenz und Mortalität von Kopf-Hals-Malignomen in Rheinland-Pfalz, 2000-2009 [Changes in Incidence and Mortality Trends of Head and Neck Cancer in Rhineland-Palatinate, 2000-2009].

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data on HNC are often reported aggregated despite their anatomical and histological heterogeneity. In Germany, few studies have analyzed incidence and mortality trends separately for specific anatomic sites. Furthermore, little is known about whether the incidence of HPV-associated tumour entities of the head and neck region has increased. METHODS: Based on cancer registry data from Rhineland-Palatinate from 2000 to 2009, age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated for all HNC sites and localisation groups that might be HPV-associated according to the literature. Trends were analyzed by Joinpoint regression and reported as the annual percentage change (APC). RESULTS: Throughout the study period, 8 055 incident cases and 3 177 deaths were identified. The incidence rates of overall HNC increased among women (APC:+2.2%) and declined slightly among men (- 0.9%). Significantly increasing incidence rates among women were seen for tumours of the oral cavity (+2.7%) and the oropharynx (+3.6%). Among men, a significant decrease in incidence rates for tumours of the hypopharynx (-3.4%) and the larynx (-2.7%) are noteworthy. Cancers at HPV-associated sites showed increased incidence rates in men (+3.3%) and women (+4.3%). A decrease in mortality was found for tumours of the larynx in both sexes (-5.8% men,-9.1% women). CONCLUSIONS: A detailed analysis by localisation of HNC showed significant and often opposing trends for men and women regarding incidence and mortality.

Palvelutalon asukkaan hyvä suunhoito : Osio 5: Vanhuksen päivittäinen suun terveydenhoito

Opinnäytetyömme on osa suun terveydenhoidon kehittämishanketta Palvelutalon asukkaan hyvä suunhoito. Hanke toteutettiin yhteistyössä Helsingin ammattikorkeakoulu Stadian sekä Helsingin kaupungin sosiaaliviraston vanhushuollon kanssa. Sen tavoitteena oli palvelutaloissa asuvien vanhusten toimintakyvyn kohentaminen suun terveyttä edistämällä. Hanke toteutettiin toiminnallisena opinnäytetyönä pitämällä palvelutalojen ja ryhmäkotien hoitohenkilöstölle koulutustilaisuuksia. Myös palvelutalojen asukkaat olivat tervetulleita tilaisuuksiin. Tietopohjan koulutustilaisuuksiin keräsi ryhmä SD05K1, joka jakautui 6 eri substanssiryhmään. Jokaisen tiimin tuli myös hallita koko hankkeen tietopohja. Ryhmien substanssivastuualueina olivat ikääntyminen, suun sairaudet, suun terveyden ja yleissairauksien vastavuoroinen yhteys, ravitsemus, päivittäinen suunhoito sekä hammashoitopalvelut ja niiden saatavuus. Meidän tiimin tietopohjan aiheena oli palvelutalon asukkaan päivittäinen suunhoito. Käsittelimme työssämme päivittäisen suunhoidon merkitystä, puhdistusta, kuivan suun hoitoa, hampaiden vastustuskyvyn lisäämistä, erilaisia proteettisia vaihtoehtoja sekä niihin liittyviä haasteita ja puhdistusta, hoitajan osuutta vanhuksen suunhoidossa sekä moniammatillisuutta. Suun terveydenhoidonryhmä SD05K1 piti koulutustilaisuuksia yhteensä 13 palvelutalossa, joissa on vakinaista henkilökuntaa yhteensä 451. Tilaisuuksien runkona oli luokan yhdessä kokoama PowerPoint-esitys, josta ilmeni koko hankkeen tietopohja.Tilaisuudet kestivät kerrallaan noin 45 minuuttia, jonka jälkeen hoitohenkilöstöllä oli mahdollisuus tutustua suunhoitotuotteiden näyttelyyn. Palvelutalojen henkilökunta sai koulutustilaisuuksista uutta tietoa ja lisävalmiuksia palvelutalon asukkaan päivittäiseen suun terveydenhoitoon. Palvelutalojen asukkaat saivat uutta tietoa ja motivoituivat huolehtimaan omasta päivittäisestä suun hoidosta. Projekti lisäsi asiantuntijuuttamme suun terveydenhuollon ammattilaisina. Opimme myös suunnittelemaan ja toteuttamaan koulutustilaisuuksia.

Nursing discharge planning for older medical inpatients in Switzerland: A cross-sectional study.

Nursing discharge planning for elderly medical inpatients is an essential element of care to ensure optimal transition to home and to reduce post-discharge adverse events. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the association between nursing discharge planning components in older medical inpatients, patients' readiness for hospital discharge and unplanned health care utilization during the following 30 days. Results indicated that no patients benefited from comprehensive discharge planning but most benefited from less than half of the discharge planning components. The most frequent intervention recorded was coordination, and the least common was patients' participation in decisions regarding discharge. Patients who received more nursing discharge components felt significantly less ready to go home and had significantly more readmissions during the 30-day follow-up period. This study highlights large gaps in the nursing discharge planning process in older medical inpatients and identifies specific areas where improvements are most needed.

Internet-Based Brief Intervention to Prevent Unhealthy Alcohol Use among Young Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Alcohol use is one of the leading modifiable morbidity and mortality risk factors among young adults. STUDY DESIGN: 2 parallel-group randomized controlled trial with follow-up at 1 and 6 months. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Internet based study in a general population sample of young men with low-risk drinking, recruited between June 2012 and February 2013. INTERVENTION: Internet-based brief alcohol primary prevention intervention (IBI). The IBI aims at preventing an increase in alcohol use: it consists of normative feedback, feedback on consequences, calorific value alcohol, computed blood alcohol concentration, indication that the reported alcohol use is associated with no or limited risks for health. INTERVENTION group participants received the IBI. Control group (CG) participants completed only an assessment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Alcohol use (number of drinks per week), binge drinking prevalence. Analyses were conducted in 2014-2015. RESULTS: Of 4365 men invited to participate, 1633 did so; 896 reported low-risk drinking and were randomized (IBI: n = 451; CG: n = 445). At baseline, 1 and 6 months, the mean (SD) number of drinks/week was 2.4(2.2), 2.3(2.6), 2.5(3.0) for IBI, and 2.4(2.3), 2.8(3.7), 2.7(3.9) for CG. Binge drinking, absent at baseline, was reported by 14.4% (IBI) and 19.0% (CG) at 1 month and by 13.3% (IBI) and 13.0% (CG) at 6 months. At 1 month, beneficial intervention effects were observed on the number of drinks/week (p = 0.05). No significant differences were observed at 6 months. CONCLUSION: We found protective short term effects of a primary prevention IBI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN55991918.

Bok- och biblioteksväsen

Samlingen med signum HB Ib finns vid huvudbiblioteket och innehåller böcker, småskrifter och kataloger om böcker och om bibliotek. Bok- och biblioteksväsen har särskilt intresserat bibliotekets överbibliotekarier och detta har gjort att samlingen vid huvudbiblioteket blivit mycket omfattande, över 13.600 titlar, genom ett aktivt anskaffande av speciellt utländskt material som komplement till den litteratur som från och med år 1919 erhållits som friexemplar. Huvudbibliotekets systematiska kortkatalog som går till år 1980 är finindelad i klasserna HB Ib1 – HB Ib7. HB Ib1 Bok- och biblioteksväsen, allmänt period / antal titlar -1899 / 26 1900-49 / 184 1950-59 / 155 1960-69 / 144 1970-79 / 283 HB Ib2a Bibliografier, allmänt -1899 / 39 1900-49 / 77 1950-59 / 58 1960-69 / 149 1970-79 / 152 HB Ib2b Bibliografier enligt bibliotekets klassifikationssystem -1899 / 69 1900-49 / 168 1950-59 / 168 1960-69 / 451 1970-79 / 719 HB Ib2c Bibliografier, länder -1899 / 180 1900-49 / 497 1950-59 / 190 1960-69 / 283 1970-79 / 208 HB Ib2d Bibliografier, personbibliografier -1899 / 5 1900-49 / 117 1950-59 / 72 1960-69 / 146 1970-79 / 161 HB Ib3 Bibliotek -1899 / 162 1900-49 / 949 1950-59 / 292 1960-69 / 533 1970-79 / 968 HB Ib4 Arkiv, arkivteknik, organisation -1899 / 17 1900-49 / 69 1950-59 / 25 1960-69 / 58 1970-79 / 82 HB Ib5 Bokhandel, förlag, antikvariat -1899 / 62 1900-49 / 235 1950-59 / 71 1960-69 / 81 1970-79 / 77 HB Ib6a Bokväsen, allmänt -1899 / -- 1900-49 / 2 1950-59 / 2 1960-69 / 6 1970-79 / 18 HB Ib6a Bokväsen, bibliofili -1899 / 8 1900-49 / 35 1950-59 / 8 1960-69 / 4 1970-79 / 5 HB Ib6b Bokväsen, boktryckeri, bokhistoria -1899 / 89 1900-49 / 295 1950-59 / 119 1960-69 / 139 1970-79 / 104 HB Ib6d Bokväsen, bokbindning -1899 / 4 1900-49 / 30 1950-59 / 5 1960-69 / 13 1970-79 / 13 HB Ib6e Bokväsen, exlibris -1899 / 5 1900-49 / 34 1950-59 / 5 1960-69 / 9 1970-79 / 7 HB Ib7 Utställningskataloger -1899 / 4 1900-49 / 55 1950-59 / 66 1960-69 / 49 1970-79 / 41 Från och med år 1980 har litteraturen om bok- och biblioteksväsen införts i Alma utan finfördelning, dvs allt material mellan åren 1980 och 1999 har ett gemensamt signum, HB Ib. Från och med år 2000 ingår litteraturen om bok- och biblioteksväsen vid huvudbiblioteket i en numerus currens-samling. Sökning i Alma med ämnesord ger litteratur vid hela akademibiblioteket.