Cyclododecane exposure in the field of conservation and restoration of art objects

PURPOSE: Recent work practices in the conservation and restoration involve the use of cyclododecane (CDD, CAS 294-62-2) to protect fragile artifacts during their handling or transportation. Little is known about its toxicity, and no previous exposure has been reported. A short field investigation was conducted to characterize the exposure conditions to both CDD vapors and aerosols.METHODS: Measurements were conducted in the laboratory of conservation and restoration of the archeological service in Bern (Switzerland). Three indoor and four outdoor typical work situations, either during brush or spray gun applications, were investigated. Measurements were performed on charcoal adsorbent tube and analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector.RESULTS: Measurements have been conducted during both brush and spray gun applications. Indoor exposures were of 0.75-15.5 mg/m(3), while outdoors exposures were 19.5-53.9 mg/m(3). Exposures appear to be extremely localized due to both physicochemical properties and application methods of the CDD. Vapor exposure increases dramatically with the confinement of the workplace.CONCLUSION: Preventive measures should be undertaken to limit as much as possible these exposures. Field work in confined areas (ditches, underground) is of particular concern. CDD-coated artifacts or materials should be stored in ventilated areas to avoid delayed exposures. [Authors]

Risk of prostate, breast and colorectal cancer after skin cancer diagnosis.

Ultraviolet radiation is the major cause of skin cancer, but promotes vitamin D synthesis, and vitamin D has been inversely related to the risk of several common cancers including prostate, breast and colorectum. We therefore computed the incidence of prostate, breast and colorectal cancer following skin cancer using the datasets of the Swiss cancer Registries of Vaud and Neuchâtel. Between 1974 and 2005, 6,985 histologically confirmed squamous cell skin cancers, 21,046 basal cell carcinomas and 3,346 cutaneous malignant melanomas were registered, and followed up to the end of 2005 for the occurrence of second primary cancer of the prostate, breast and colorectum. Overall, 680 prostate cancers were observed versus 568.3 expected (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.29), 440 breast cancers were observed versus 371.5 expected (SIR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08-1.30) and 535 colorectal cancers were observed versus 464.6 expected (SIR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06-1.25). When basal cell, squamous cell and skin melanoma were considered separately, all the SIRs for prostate, breast and colorectal cancers were around or slightly above unity. Likewise, the results were consistent across strata of age at skin cancer diagnosis and location (head and neck versus others), and for male and female colorectal cancers. These findings, based on a population with a long tradition of systematic histologic examination of all surgically treated skin lesions, do not support the hypothesis that prostate, breast and colorectal cancer risk is decreased following skin cancer.

Puheenvuoro eduskunnassa 28.4.1939

Puhe

Perceção dos estudantes sobre a qualidade da formação superior em Cabo Verde: O caso da ilha de Santiago

O presente trabalho insere-se no âmbito do curso de Licenciatura em Economia e Gestão, variante Auditoria Financeira na Universidade Jean Piaget de Cabo Verde. O seu objetivo é analisar a perceção dos estudantes sobre a qualidade do ensino superior, tendo como público-alvo os estudantes das instituições de ensino superior da ilha de Santiago. Numa era globalizada e de forte concorrência entre as organizações a qualidade afigura-se como fator crítico para assegurar a competitividade e sobrevivência de qualquer organização (Pires, 2011). Neste contexto, as instituições de ensino superior em Cabo Verde enfrentam novos desafios e exigências, uma vez que a esfera educativa moderna está demarcada por preocupações relacionadas com a qualidade da educação bem como com o desempenho das organizações educativas e, neste contexto, devem levar em conta a perceção dos seus principais “clientes”, os estudantes, sobre essa matéria. Neste sentido, o Ministério do Ensino Superior, Ciência e Inovação vem trabalhando, com o apoio da cooperação brasileira, na implementação de um Sistema Nacional de Avaliação do Ensino Superior. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho integra-se num quadro metodológico em que se incidiu sobre a abordagem quantitativa e exploratória, aplicando o inquérito por questionário a uma amostra de 371 sujeitos de uma população de 10.397 estudantes das instituições de ensino superior da ilha de Santiago. O método utilizado foi a amostragem probabilística estratificada não proporcional e a seleção foi feita de forma aleatória simples. Os dados foram tratados no programa Statístical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), versão 20.0, complementados pelo programa Microsoft Excel 2007. A análise baseou-se na produção e interpretação dos resultados das tabelas, dos gráficos e dos testes estatísticos. Os resultados obtidos revelam que, na perceção da maioria dos estudantes, a qualidade do ensino superior na ilha de Santiago é boa. Contudo, foram identificadas áreas prioritárias de intervenção com vista à melhoria da qualidade no ensino superior, a saber: a preparação dos estudantes para o mercado de trabalho, as condições das instalações e serviços das instituições e o funcionamento dos cursos.

Comparative abundance and diversity of Dryininae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) in three savannah phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil, under three sampling methods

Comparative abundance and diversity of Dryininae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) in three savannah phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil, under three sampling methods. This study aimed to assess the abundance and diversity of Dryininae in riparian vegetation, Brazilian savannah, and savannah woodland vegetation at the Estação Ecológica de Jataí, in Luiz Antônio, State of São Paulo, Brazil, by using Moericke, Malaise, and light traps. The sampling was carried out from December 2006 to November 2009, and 371 specimens of Dryininae were caught, with the highest frequencies in spring and summer. Fourteen species of Dryinus Latreille, 1804 and one of Thaumatodryinus Perkins, 1905 were identified. The highest frequencies of Dryinus in the riparian vegetation differed significantly from those obtained in the Brazilian savannah and savannah woodland vegetation. In the riparian vegetation, the highest number of Dryinus was collected using light traps and the interactions between abundance and the collection method used were significant. The number of specimens of Dryinus collected in the Brazilian savannah and savannah woodland vegetation using Malaise traps did not differ significantly from those obtained using Moericke traps. Males significantly outnumbered females in the sex ratio of Dryinus. The species diversity of Dryinus based on females collected using Malaise traps was high in the Brazilian savannah. Furthermore, high species richness of female Dryinus was observed in riparian vegetation (six species) and Brazilian savannah (five). The light trap was the most successful method for sampling diversity of Dryininae.

Hki 12/7 1945

Kirje 12.7.1945

Zooplancton e ictioplancton durante el crucero oceanográfico conjunto 0005-6

El rango de los volúmenes de zooplancton fluctuó entre 0,91 y 371,69 mL/100m3.

Protocolo para la evaluación de concha de abanico Argopecten purpuratus (LAMARCK, 1819)

La Unidad de Investigaciones de Invertebrados Marinos en conjunto con las sedes descentralizadas del Instituto del Mar del Perú, IMARPE, con fines de establecer y estandarizar los procedimientos para la estimación de la población y biomasa de concha de abanico (Argopecten purpuratus) en áreas silvestres, elaboró este protocolo que describe los pasos a seguir desde la planificación en escritorio, la ejecución a bordo de embarcaciones, pasando por los cálculos estadísticos, hasta la elaboración del informe ejecutivo. La estimación de la población y biomasa de concha de abanico, en áreas silvestres se realiza dentro del contexto de evaluación poblacional, que involucra este primer aspecto e incorpora: estructura poblacional por tallas y madurez gonadal, relaciones biométricas y biológicas, y las condiciones ambientales predominantes del ambiente marino. La correcta aplicación de estos procedimientos conducirá a la obtención de información confiable.

The evolution of punishment through reputation.

Punishment of non-cooperators has been observed to promote cooperation. Such punishment is an evolutionary puzzle because it is costly to the punisher while beneficial to others, for example, through increased social cohesion. Recent studies have concluded that punishing strategies usually pay less than some non-punishing strategies. These findings suggest that punishment could not have directly evolved to promote cooperation. However, while it is well established that reputation plays a key role in human cooperation, the simple threat from a reputation of being a punisher may not have been sufficiently explored yet in order to explain the evolution of costly punishment. Here, we first show analytically that punishment can lead to long-term benefits if it influences one's reputation and thereby makes the punisher more likely to receive help in future interactions. Then, in computer simulations, we incorporate up to 40 more complex strategies that use different kinds of reputations (e.g. from generous actions), or strategies that not only include punitive behaviours directed towards defectors but also towards cooperators for example. Our findings demonstrate that punishment can directly evolve through a simple reputation system. We conclude that reputation is crucial for the evolution of punishment by making a punisher more likely to receive help in future interactions, and that experiments investigating the beneficial effects of punishment in humans should include reputation as an explicit feature.

Estimativa da acidez potencial em solos e sua implicação no cálculo da necessidade de calcário

A estimativa da necessidade de calcário pelo critério da saturação por bases pode ter como limitação a determinação da acidez potencial a pH 7,0, usada no cálculo da CTC. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a relação entre o H + Al obtido pela incubação direta do solo com carbonato de cálcio e o estimado pelo extrator acetato de cálcio e pelo índice SMP. Foram utilizados 12 solos do sul do Brasil, incubados com doses crescentes de calcário, para determinar a acidez potencial real do solo a pH 7,0, e comparados com os dados obtidos por diferentes métodos de avaliação, direta e indireta, da acidez potencial. Os resultados mostraram a correlação entre a acidez potencial real e a estimada por extratores, mas os coeficientes angulares foram sempre superiores à unidade. A calibração do método SMP para esta estimativa foi feita a partir de dados da titulação direta do solo incubado com carbonato de cálcio; para tal, sugere-se a equação log (H + Al) = 3,020-0,371 SMP, para estimar a acidez potencial.