A geoquímica orgânica aplicada à Formação Irati-Bacia do Paraná, poço SC-20-RS, área de Pinheiro Machado RS

O presente estudo aborda a caracterização quimioestratigráfica da Formação Irati (Permiano da Bacia doParaná), bem como a avaliçãodo potencial gerador. Foi realizada coleta sistemática de amostras de testemunho do poço SC-20-RS, para as quais foram realizadas análisesdos teores de COT, S e RI,Pirólise Rock-Eval e de Biomarcadores. Com base nesses dados,nove intervalos quimioestratigráficos (designados de A-I a partir da base) foram definidos nos 57,7 metros de espessura.Com base nos dados de biomarcadores obtidos pela cromatografia liquida e gasosa foi possível fazer um estudo mais detalhado da variação ambiental e input da matéria orgânica, e identificar como foi o ambiente deposicionaldo intervalo de maior potencial gerador da Bacia do Paraná. O Membro Assistência, desta formação, caracterizado por ter sido depositado em ambiente restrito, possui o intervalo mais promissor (Intervalo E), que compreende uma seção de cerca de 5 metros de espessura, nota-se que há uma maior preservação da matéria orgânica rica em hidrogênio(Tipo II) e aumento do COT% quando, o ambiente torna-se menos restrito, e a salinidade do ambiente diminui o que também foi identificado através dos biomarcadores. A Formação Irati constitui a fonte de folhelhos betuminosos utilizados pela Petrobrás para a obtenção industrial de óleo, gás, enxofre e subprodutos derivados a partir do processo de industrialização dessas rochas. É também uma das principais geradoras dos indícios de petróleo encontrados na Bacia do Paraná. Assim, a obtenção de dados que possam agregar conhecimentos sobre esta formação será sempre de extrema importância

PICES Press, Vol. 20, No. 1, Winter 2012

•2011 PICES Science: A Note from the Science Board Chairman (pp. 1-6) •2011 PICES Awards (pp. 7-9) •Beyond the Terrible Disaster of the Great East Japan Earthquake (pp. 10-12) •A New Era of PICES-ICES Scientific Cooperation (p. 13) •New PICES Jellyfish Working Group Formed (pp. 14-15) •PICES Working Group on North Pacific Climate Variability (pp. 16-18) •Final U.S. GLOBEC Symposium and Celebration (pp. 19-25) •2011 PICES Rapid Assessment Survey (pp. 26-29) •Introduction to Rapid Assessment Survey Methodologies for Detecting Non-indigenous Marine Species (pp. 30-31) •The 7th International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions (pp. 32-33) •NOWPAP/PICES/WESTPAC Training Course on Remote Sensing Data Analysis (pp. 34-36) •PICES-2011 Workshop on “Trends in Marine Contaminants and their Effects in a Changing Ocean” (pp. 37-39) •The State of the Western North Pacific in the First Half of 2011 (pp. 40-42) •Yeosu Symposium theme sessions (p. 42) •The Bering Sea: Current Status and Recent Events (pp. 43-44) •News of the Northeast Pacific Ocean (pp. 45-47) •Recent and Upcoming PICES Publications (p. 47) •New leadership for the PICES Fishery Science Committee (p. 48)

PICES Press, Vol. 20, No. 2, Summer 2012

•The 2012 Inter-sessional Science Board Meeting: A Note from Science Board Chairman (pp. 1-4) ◾PICES Interns (p. 4) ◾2012 Inter-sessional Workshop on a Roadmap for FUTURE (pp. 5-8) ◾Second Symposium on “Effects of Climate Change on the World’s Oceans” (pp. 9-13) ◾2012 Yeosu Workshop on “Framework for Ocean Observing” (pp. 14-15) ◾2012 Yeosu Workshop on “Climate Change Projections” (pp. 16-17) ◾2012 Yeosu Workshop on “Coastal Blue Carbon” (pp. 18-20) ◾Polar Comparisons: Summary of 2012 Yeosu Workshop (pp. 21-23) ◾2012 Yeosu Workshop on “Climate Change and Range Shifts in the Oceans" (pp. 24-27) ◾2012 Yeosu Workshop on “Beyond Dispersion” (pp. 28-30) ◾2012 Yeosu Workshop on “Public Perception of Climate Change” (pp. 31, 50) ◾PICES Working Group 20: Accomplishments and Legacy (pp. 32-33) ◾The State of the Western North Pacific in the Second Half of 2011 (pp. 34-35) ◾Another Cold Winter in the Gulf of Alaska (pp. 36-37) ◾The Bering Sea: Current Status and Recent Events (pp. 38-40) ◾PICES/ICES 2012 Conference for Early Career Marine Scientists (pp. 41-43) ◾Completion of the PICES Seafood Safety Project – Indonesia (pp. 44-46) ◾Oceanography Improves Salmon Forecasts (p. 47) ◾2012 GEOHAB Open Science Meeting (p. 48-50) ◾Shin-ichi Ito awarded 2011 Uda Prize (p. 50)

Annual report 2006 - North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES). Fifteenth meeting, Yokohama, Japan, October 13-22, 2006

◾ Report of Opening Session (p. 1) ◾ Report of Governing Council (p. 15) ◾ Report of the Finance and Administration Committee (p. 47) ◾ Reports of Science Board and Committees: Science Board Inter-sessional Meeting (p. 63); Science Board (p. 73); Biological Oceanography Committee (p. 87); Fishery Science Committee (p. 95); Marine Environmental Quality Committee (p. 105); MONITOR Technical Committee (p. 115); Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee (p. 125); Technical Committee on Data Exchange (p. 133) ◾ Reports of Sections, Working and Study Groups: Section on Carbon and Climate (p. 139); Section on Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms in the North Pacific (p. 143); Working Group 18 on Mariculture in the 21st Century - The Intersection Between Ecology, Socio-economics and Production (p. 147); Working Group 19 on Ecosystem-Based Management Science and its Application to the North Pacific (p. 151); Working Group 20 on Evaluations of Climate Change Projections (p. 157); Working Group 21 on Non-indigenous Aquatic Species (p. 159); Study Group to Develop a Strategy for GOOS (p. 165) ◾ Reports of the Climate Change and Carrying Capacity Scientific Program: Implementation Panel on the CCCC Program (p. 169); CFAME Task Team (p. 175); MODEL Task Team (p. 181) ◾ Reports of Advisory Panels: Advisory Panel for a CREAMS/PICES Program in East Asian Marginal Seas (p. 187); Advisory Panel on Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey in the North Pacific (p. 193); Advisory Panel on Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Subarctic Pacific Ocean (p. 197); Advisory Panel on Marine Birds and Mammals (p. 201); Advisory Panel on Micronekton Sampling Inter-calibration Experiment (p. 205) ◾ Summary of Scientific Sessions and Workshops (p. 209) ◾ Membership List (p. 259) ◾ List of Participants (p. 277) ◾ List of PICES Acronyms (p. 301) ◾ List of Acronyms (p. 303)

Monolithic electro-optically modulated VCSEL suitable for radio over fibre applications to 20 GHz

An integrated EOM VCSELs is shown to offer high linearity (92dB/Hz 2/3 at 6GHz) and by extrapolation ∼90dB/Hz2/3 up to 20GHz. Successful modulation with IEEE 802.11g signals is demonstrated at 6GHz with a 12dB dynamic range. © 2011 Optical Society of America.

1.55-μm VCSEL transmission performance up to 20 Gb/s for access networks

We experimentally demonstrate for the first time 1.55μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) transmission over 6.5 km single mode fiber (SMF) at 20 Gb/s for optical access networks. Characterization of the device is also investigated. © 2009 IEEE.

三种兰科植物的保护遗传学研究

本研究在野外调查的基础上，采用随机扩增多态DNA (RAPD)分析和形态学方法，研究了我国三种珍稀濒危兰科植物硬叶兜兰（Paphiopedilummicranthum）、麻栗坡兜兰（P. malipoense）和独花兰（Changnienia amoena）的遗传多样性与群体遗传结构，主要结果如下： 1．采用1 2个引物对分布于我国云贵地区的4个硬叶兜兰群体共161个体进行RAPD扩增和分析，得出物种水平的多态条带百分率（PPB）为71.6%，Nci的基因多样度(h)为0.217，Shannon多样性指数（1)为0.3301;4个群体的平均多样性水平为PPB=45.2%，h=0.1457，1= 0.2204：低于远交兰花的平均水平。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明，在总遗传变异中，群体间遗传变异占20.31%．群体内占79.69%;POPGENE给出的基因分化系数 （Gst）为0.2958;遗传分化略高于远交物种的平均水平。空间自相关分析表明，所检测的两个群体中存在明显的空间结构，基因型在群体中以不同的小斑块存在。遗传距离和空间距离不存在相关关系。 2．用于麻栗坡兜兰的RAPD引物同上，但取样范围只有贵州的2个群体共10个个体。就所研究的个体柬看，麻栗坡兜兰的遗传多样性明显低于远交兰花物种的平均水平。物种水平上，多态条带百分率(PPB)为49.5%。Nei的基因多样度（h）为0. 1174， Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.1764：在群体水平上，上述三个指标的平均值则分别为12. 75%、0.0486和0.0712，均大大低于硬叶兜兰。然而，尽管作了种种努力，麻栗坡兜兰的取样个体数量仍很少，因此所得结果可能会有误差。 3．用16个引物对分布于河南、湖北、湖南、江西4个省11个独花兰群体共216个体进行了RA PD扩增和分析，独花兰在物种水平PPB=80. 7%，h=0.197．1=0. 3116;在群体水平，上述三个指标的平均值则分别为40. 9%、0.1247和0. 1902，均低于远交兰花的平均水平。AMOVA分析表明，11个独花兰群体间的遗传变异占43.48%，群体内的占56.52%：在神农架和新宁地区内部，群体间的遗传变异分别占13.68%和49.3g%(AMOVA)。POPGENE给出的11个群体的基因分化系数(Gst)为0.3580．神农架和新宁地区内的Gst，值分别为0.1194和0.2597。可见，群体间的遗传分化明显高于远交物种的平均水平。空间自相关分析表明，独花兰的遗传变异在群体内不存在明显的空间结构。群体之间的遗传距离和空间距离不存在相关关系。 4．对独花兰7个群体形态性状的分析发现，12个形态性状在群体内均有较高的变异性，cv值变动于0.022-0.30O。庐山群体(LS)在所有性状上的平均值均为最高。营养性状和花部性状的变异性基本一致。除花葶长和花距直径与某些花部性状之间没有显著的相关关系外，各性状之间均有显著的相关性。对XN4群体的统计没有发现假磷茎数目与其他性状之间存在显著相关性。 根据以上对硬叶兜兰、麻粟坡兜兰和独花兰遗传多样性和群体遗传结构韵研究，结合其他方面的资料;对三种兰花的濒危机制进行了初步的分析。首先，人为采挖和破坏是导致这些兰花物种濒危的直接原因，尤其是麻栗坡兜兰。其次， 适宜兰花生存的生境正在只益萎缩、退化和片段化。这两方面因素的共同作用导致上述兰花群体的数目和规模日益下降，由此引发的遗传多样性降低和遗传结构的改变进一步加剧其濒危状况。对于独花兰而言，较低的繁殖能力又使其生存状态雪上加霜。针对三个物种不同的繁殖特性和遗传学状况，提出如下保护措施。(1)硬叶兜兰由于繁殖能力较强、现存个体尚多，遗传多样性损失不甚严重，因此以保护其所在的生境为基础、实施原位保护，是比较合适的保护策略。(2)麻粟坡兜兰目前受破坏程度非常严重;所剩个体很少，遗传多样性较低，已经很难进行有效的原位保护。因此;应利用迁地保护手段抢救目前尚存的个体。(3)独花兰的繁殖能力较弱，因此在保护生境和严禁采摘的基础上，可采用人工授粉等方式，提高结实率、增加繁殖效率，促使其复壮：在进行迁地保护时，则应注意不同群体间存在较大遗传变异而群体内多样性较低这一现实。