Avaliação da função reprodutiva em ratas submetidas ao clampeamento da artéria renal esquerda modelo 2 rins/1 clipe

No modelo de hipertensão renovascular, a redução do fluxo sangüíneo para o rim causada pela aplicação de um clipe na artéria renal, modelo 2 Rins/ 1 Clipe (2R/1C), leva à secreção de renina e um aumento secundário na concentração de angiotensina II (Ang II) periférica, que tem papel na elevação da pressão arterial. Além de seu efeito vasopressor a Ang II tem envolvimento na fisiologia reprodutiva. A Ang II está envolvida na regulação da secreção do hormônio liberador do hormônio luteinizante (LHRH), ovulação, e comportamento sexual em ratos machos e fêmeas. Nosso objetivo nesse trabalho foi analisar a regularidade do ciclo estral após a implantação do clipe, o comportamento sexual, peso ovariano, ovulação, como também, verificar as concentrações plasmáticas de estradiol, hormônio luteinizante (LH) e hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) durante a tarde do proestro em ratas submetidas ao modelo 2R/1C. Dos animais clipados, em torno de 55% apresentaram pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) maior que 150 mmHg, dessa forma os animais neste estudo foram divididos em três grupos: grupo de ratas FICT (submetidas à cirurgia fictícia), grupo 2R/1C (fêmeas submetidas à laparotomia, com dissecação da artéria renal esquerda, para a implantação de um clipe de prata de 0,15mm de diâmetro, e que apresentavam PAS <125 mmHg), e 2R/1C-H (fêmeas submetidas ao modelo 2R/1C e que apresentavam PAS >150 mmHg). O sangue foi centrifugado, o plasma coletado foi destinado ao radioimunoensaio para estradiol, LH, e FSH. Ao final das coletas as ratas retornaram ao biotério, e na manhã seguinte (fase estro), tiveram os ovários coletados, pesados separadamente, e em seguida foi realizada a contagem do número de óvulos. Os resultados mostraram que ratas 2R/1C-H e 2R/1C apresentam um maior tempo, em dias, para o retorno às mudanças de fases do ciclo estral, após a cirurgia. Ratas 2R/1C-H apresentaram redução na freqüência de lordose e um menor quociente de lordose (Freqüência de lordose/Freqüência de monta). Foi verificada redução no número de óvulos nos animais 2R/1C-H e 2R/1C quando comparado ao grupo FICT. As concentrações plasmáticas de estradiol e FSH na tarde do proestro não foram diferentes entre os grupos, porém a concentração plasmática de LH no grupo hipertenso foi menor às 16:00h em relação ao demais grupos. A redução no número de óvulos em ratas 2R/1C-H e 2R/1C, na fase estro, foi confirmada no experimento II, porém esta não foi acompanhada por alteração no peso do ovário direito e esquerdo. Em conjunto nossos resultados demonstraram que ratas 2R/1C-H apresentam redução na capacidade reprodutiva, que não foi associada a alterações nas concentrações plasmáticas de estradiol e FSH, mas sim a uma modificação do perfil da curva de secreção de LH na tarde do proestro. Sugere-se que a redução na função reprodutiva verificada seja devido ao aumento de Ang II e/ou elevação da pressão arterial.

Obtenção de álcool alílico (PROP-2-EN-1-OL) a partir da glicerina derivada do biodiesel de óleo de mamona

In this work, biodiesel was produced from castor oil that was a byproduct glycerin. The molar ratio between oil and alcohol, as well as the use of (KOH) catalyst to provide the chemical reaction is based on literature. The best results were obtained using 1 mol of castor oil (260g) to 3 moles of methyl alcohol (138g), using 1.0% KOH as catalyst at a temperature of 260 ° C and shaken at 120 rpm. The oil used was commercially available, the process involves the reaction of transesterification of a vegetable oil with methyl alcohol. The product of this reaction is an ester, biodiesel being the main product and the glycerin by-product which has undergone treatment for use as raw material for the production of allyl alcohol. The great advantage of the use of glycerin to obtain allyl alcohol is that its use eliminates the large amount of waste of the biodiesel and various forms of insult to the environment. The reactions for the formation of allyl alcohol was conducted from formic acid and glycerin in a ratio 1/1, at a temperature of 260oC in a heater blanket, being sprayed by a spiral condenser for a period of 2 hours and the product obtained contains mostly the allylic alcohol .. The monitoring of reactions was performed by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer: FTIR Fourier transform, the analysis showed that these changes occur spectrometer indicating the formation of the product allylic alcohol (prop-2-en-1-ol) in the presence of water, This alcohol was appointed Alcohol GL. The absorption bands confirms that the reaction was observed in (υ C = C) 1470 -1600 cm -1 and (υ CO), 3610-3670 attributed to C = C groups and OH respectively. The thermal analysis was carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer SDT Q600, where the mass and temperature are displayed against time, that allows checking the approximate rate of heating. The innovative methodology developed in the laboratory (LABTAM, UFRN), was able to treat the glycerine produced by transesterification of castor oil and used as raw material for production of allyl alcohol, with a yield of 80%, of alcohol, the same is of great importance in the manufacture of polymers, pharmaceuticals, organic compounds, herbicides, pesticides and other chemicals

3-(1-Hydroxy-2-phenylprop-2-en-1-yl)phenol

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

1-Benzoyl-5-phenyl-2-(propan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-one

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

2-Bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone: a potentially improved substitute of menadione in Apatone therapy

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Study of copper complexes adsorbed on a silica gel surface chemically modified with 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole

The isotherms of adsorption of CuX2 (X=Cl-, Br-, ClO4-) by silica gel chemically modified with 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole were studied in acetone and ethanol solutions: at 298 K. The following equilibria constants (in 1 mol(-1)) were determined: (a) CuCl2: 3.5 x 10(3) (ac), 2.0 x 10(3) (eth); (b) CuBr2: 2.8 x 10(3) (ac), 2.0 x 10(3) (eth); (c) Cu(ClO4)(2): 1.8 x 10(3) (ac), 1.0 x 10(3) (eth); ac = acetone, eth = ethanol. The electron spin resonance spectra of the surface complexes indicated a tetragonal distorted structure in the case of lower degrees of metal loading on the chemically modified surface. The d-d electronic transition spectra showed that for the ClO4-, complex, the peak of absorption did not change for any degree of metal loading, and for Cl- and Br- complexes, the peak maxima shifted to a higher energy region with a lower metal loading. (C) 1998 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Dynamics of glyphosate-induced conformational changes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EC 2.5.1.19) determined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange and electrospray mass spectrometry

The enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) catalyzes the reaction between shikimate 3-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate to form 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate, an intermediate in the shikimate pathway, which leads to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. EPSPS exists in an open conformation in the absence of substrates and/or inhibitors and in a closed conformation when bound to the substrate and/or inhibitor. In the present report, the H/D exchange properties of EPSPS from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) were investigated for both enzyme conformations using ESI mass spectrometry and circular dichroism (CD). When the conformational changes identified by H/D exchanges were mapped on the 3-D structure, it was observed that the apoenzyme underwent extensive conformational changes due to glyphosate complexation, characterized by an increase in the content of alpha-helices from 40% to 57%, while the beta-sheet content decreased from 30% to 23%. These results indicate that the enzyme underwent a series of rearrangements of its secondary structure that were accompanied by a large decrease in solvent access to many different regions of the protein. This was attributed to the compaction of 71% of alpha-helices and 57% of beta-sheets as a consequence of glyphosate binding to the enzyme. Apparently, MtEPSPS undergoes a series of inhibitor-induced conformational changes, which seem to have caused synergistic effects in preventing solvent access to the core of molecule, especially in the cleft region. This may be part of the mechanism of inhibition of the enzyme, which is required to prevent the hydration of the substrate binding site and also to induce the cleft closure to avoid entrance of the substrates.

Shikimate Kinase (EC 2.7.1.71) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Kinetics and Structural Dynamics of a Potential Molecular Target for Drug Development

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry for characterizing phosphoenolpyruvate-induced structural transitions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EC 2.5.1.1)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Boundary of the rauzy fractal sets in R x C generated by P(x)=x(4)-x(3)-x(2)-x-1

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Search for neutral Higgs bosons in the multi-b-jet topology in 5.2 fb(-1) of p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the ZH -> v(v)over-barb(b)over-bar Channel in 5.2 fb(-1) of p(p)over-bar Collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Search for ZH -> l(+)l(-) b(b)over-bar Production in 4.2 fb(-1) of p(p)over-bar Collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Antioxidant Properties of Plant Extracts: an EPR and DFT Comparative Study of the Reaction with DPPH, TEMPOL and Spin Trap DMPO

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)