Vendedor técnico.

Contenido ocupacional y formativo del certificado de profesionalidad de 'Vendedor técnico', perteneciente a la familia profesional 'Comercio'. Se recoge: 1) El Real Decreto que establece dicho certificado. 2) Las realizaciones profesionales y criterios de ejecución de cada una de las unidades de competencia que constituyen el perfil profesional de la ocupación. 3) Los objetivos generales y específicos, criterios de evaluación y contenidos teórico-prácticos de los módulos que componen el itinerario formativo, así como la duración del mismo. 4) Por último, se recogen los requisitos personales exigidos a profesorado y alumnado y los requisitos materiales necesarios (instalaciones, equipo y maquinaria, herramientas, etc.)..

Gerente de pequeño comercio.

Contenido ocupacional y formativo del certificado de profesionalidad de 'Gerente de pequeño comercio', perteneciente a la familia profesional 'Comercio'. Se recoge: 1) El Real Decreto que establece dicho certificado. 2) Las realizaciones profesionales y criterios de ejecución de cada una de las unidades de competencia que constituyen el perfil profesional de la ocupación. 3) Los objetivos generales y específicos, criterios de evaluación y contenidos teórico-prácticos de los módulos que componen el itinerario formativo, así como la duración del mismo. 4) Por último, se recogen los requisitos personales exigidos a profesorado y alumnado y los requisitos materiales necesarios (instalaciones, equipo y maquinaria, herramientas, etc.)..

Superficie y volumen : ¿algo más que el trabajo con fórmulas?

Se presenta una metodología didáctica novedosa sobre los conceptos matemáticos de área y volumen para alumnos de ciclo medio y superior de la EGB. Se estructura en aportaciones sobre la adquisición de estos conceptos, asi como indicaciones para la enseñanza, formulación matemática y aspectos históricos.

La educación artística como instrumento de integración intercultural y social.

Este documento tiene su origen en el curso de formación del profesorado: La educación artística como instrumento de integración intercultural y social. Ávila, 2006

Aspectos cognitivos del desarrollo psicol??gico de los ciegos : clasificaciones, seriaciones, la noci??n de n??mero, las operaciones formales y la representaci??n de la informaci??n de la memoria

Se presenta una investigaci??n sobre varios aspectos cognitivos del desarrollo psicol??gico en personas invidentes. Estos aspectos ser??an la influencia que ejerce la modalidad sensorial y el lenguaje sobre el rendimiento en determinadas tareas intelectuales, la carencia de visi??n desde el nacimiento, para conocer si ejerce alg??n efecto especial sobre el desarrollo cognitivo. Se estudian aspectos del pensamiento de los sujetos ciegos de nacimiento en los periodos de las operaciones concretas y de las operaciones formales, y el papel que juega la modalidad sensorial h??ptica en la interacci??n con otros c??digos; y dilucidar si la carencia de visi??n produce una codificaci??n m??s profunda de la informaci??n.

Enrichment activities for able and talented children.

Proporciona una gran cantidad de recursos para animar a los niños superdotados a disfrutar de su potencial. Las actividades pueden ser utilizadas dentro y fuera del aula. Todas son fotocopiables y van acompañadas de soluciones y notas para los maestros Los recursos se dividen en varios temas: inglés, alfabetización, matemáticas, ciencias, humanidades, ciudadanía, resolución de problemas, toma de decisiones y procesamiento de la información; lenguas extranjeras, los niños pequeños, el pensamiento lógico, el trabajo de detective y los códigos; pensamiento lateral (forma específica de organizar los procesos de pensamiento, que busca una solución mediante estrategias que normalmente serían ignoradas por el pensamiento lógico), concursos. Cada tema va precedido por un comentario, esboza los vínculos curriculares y dan una orientación general para los maestros.

Gu??a para el buen uso educativo de las TIC

Se describen algunos principios sobre el uso de las TIC y los riesgos de su uso por parte de los ni??os y j??venes en el ??mbito educativo. Se definen los ciberdelitos (ciberbullying, grooming, sexting, phising, etc.), c??mo pueden prevenirlos los menores, los padres y los educadores y c??mo actuar ante estas situaciones

Educación indígena y proceso civilizatorio en Ecuador

Este trabajo estudia el curso político de la educación dirigida a los pueblos indios en las últimas dos décadas en Ecuador. Inicia con una lectura de lo educativo por fuera de un tradicional enclaustramiento pedagógico y local, instalándolo en el marco amplio de las influencias internacionales. Se constata que el debate sobre la posmodernidad ha contribuido a renovar la percepción sobre las identidades, pero también ha favorecido usos académicos y políticos que tienden a desconflictuarlas. Se incluyen, paralelamente, una crítica a la propuesta transdisciplinar de los estudios culturales. Además se indaga sobre la visión de los dirigentes estatales y los pueblos indios frente a la educación. Aunque los primeros han replanteado su histórica concepción integracionista de las identidades indias, el proceso ha estado signado por su no declarado propósito de hacerlas funcionales al proyecto civilizatorio hoy dominante. Para los pueblos indios, en cambio, los proyectos de educación intercultural -como también las luchas más actuales- deben abrir espacios para expandir prácticas articuladas a la necesidad de construir un proyecto civilizatorio alternativo. Las conclusiones llaman la atención sobre los problemas de una excesiva práctica política corporativista por parte de los dirigentes indios, en el marco de acciones estatales que tienden a recluirlos en sus identidades locales.

Inorganic synthesis of Fe-Ca-Mg carbonates at low temperature

A set of free-drift experiments was undertaken to synthesize carbonates of mixed cation content (Fe, Ca, Mg) from solution at 25 and 70 degrees C to better understand the relationship between the mineralogy and composition of these phases and the solutions from which they precipitate. Metastable solid solutions formed at 25 degrees C which are not predicted from the extrapolation of higher temperature equilibrium assemblages; instead, solids formed that were intermediary in chemical composition to known magnesite-siderite and dolomite solid solutions. A calcite-siderite solid solution precipitated at 25 degrees C, with the percentage of CaCO3 in the solid being proportional to the aqueous Ca/Fe ratio of the solution, while Mg was excluded from the crystal structure except at relatively high aqueous Mg/Ca and Mg/Fe ratios and a low Ca content. Alternatively, at 70 degrees C Mg was the predominant cation of the solid solutions. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the relative dehydration energies of Fe, Ca and Mg play an important role in the formation of mixed cation carbonates in nature. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The equilibrium structure of HCN

The equilibrium structure of HCN has been determined from the previously published ground state rotational constants of eight isotopomers by using (B0‐Be) values obtained from a variational calculation of the vibration–rotation spectrum. The results are re(CH)=1.065 01(8) Å, and re(CN)=1.153 24(2) Å.

Abatement of mercury pollution in the small-scale gold mining industry: Restructuring the policy and research agendas

This paper critiques contemporary research and policy approaches taken toward the analysis and abatement of mercury pollution in the small-scale gold mining sector. Unmonitored releases of mercury from gold amalgamation have caused considerable environmental contamination and human health complications in rural reaches of sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Asia. Whilst these problems have caught the attention of the scientific community over the past 15-20 years, the research that has since been undertaken has failed to identify appropriate mitigation measures, and has done little to advance understanding of why contamination persists. Moreover, the strategies used to educate operators about the impacts of acute mercury exposure, and the technologies implemented to prevent farther pollution, have been marginally effective at best. The mercury pollution problem will not be resolved until governments and donor agencies commit to carrying out research aimed at improving understanding of the dynamics of small scale gold mining communities. Acquisition of this knowledge is the key to designing and implementing appropriate support and abatement measures. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis of bischromones by deformylative Mannich type reaction on chromone-3-carbaldehyde using alpha-aminoacid as the source of amine

Chromone-3-carbaldehyde reacts with N-methylglycine or glycine in the presence of excess formaldehyde to produce N-(chromone-3-ylmethyl)-N-methylglycine or N,N-di(chromone-3-ylmethyl)glycine, respectively, by a deformylative Mannich type reaction. Use of alanine or leucine or methionine in place of glycine produces N-(chromone-3-ylmethyl)alanine/-leucine/-methionine, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mathematical modelling of competitive LDL/VLDL binding and uptake by hepatocytes

Elevated levels of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the plasma are a well-established risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease. Plasma LDL-C levels are in part determined by the rate at which LDL particles are removed from the bloodstream by hepatic uptake. The uptake of LDL by mammalian liver cells occurs mainly via receptor-mediated endocytosis, a process which entails the binding of these particles to specific receptors in specialised areas of the cell surface, the subsequent internalization of the receptor-lipoprotein complex, and ultimately the degradation and release of the ingested lipoproteins' constituent parts. We formulate a mathematical model to study the binding and internalization (endocytosis) of LDL and VLDL particles by hepatocytes in culture. The system of ordinary differential equations, which includes a cholesterol-dependent pit production term representing feedback regulation of surface receptors in response to intracellular cholesterol levels, is analysed using numerical simulations and steady-state analysis. Our numerical results show good agreement with in vitro experimental data describing LDL uptake by cultured hepatocytes following delivery of a single bolus of lipoprotein. Our model is adapted in order to reflect the in vivo situation, in which lipoproteins are continuously delivered to the hepatocyte. In this case, our model suggests that the competition between the LDL and VLDL particles for binding to the pits on the cell surface affects the intracellular cholesterol concentration. In particular, we predict that when there is continuous delivery of low levels of lipoproteins to the cell surface, more VLDL than LDL occupies the pit, since VLDL are better competitors for receptor binding. VLDL have a cholesterol content comparable to LDL particles; however, due to the larger size of VLDL, one pit-bound VLDL particle blocks binding of several LDLs, and there is a resultant drop in the intracellular cholesterol level. When there is continuous delivery of lipoprotein at high levels to the hepatocytes, VLDL particles still out-compete LDL particles for receptor binding, and consequently more VLDL than LDL particles occupy the pit. Although the maximum intracellular cholesterol level is similar for high and low levels of lipoprotein delivery, the maximum is reached more rapidly when the lipoprotein delivery rates are high. The implications of these results for the design of in vitro experiments is discussed.

Volatile flavour profile of goat meat extracted by three widely used techniques

Three procedures for the isolation of volatiles from grilled goat meat were compared: dynamic headspace entrainment on Tenax TA, simultaneous steam distillation-extraction, and solid-phase microextraction. Headspace entrainment on Tenax TA extracted the highest number of Maillard-derived volatile compounds. Two hundred and three volatile components were identified: 159 are reported for the first time in goat meat. Most of the volatiles detected (155) were lipid oxidation products, such as hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters. Forty-eight Maillard-derived compounds were identified. comprising pyrazines, pyrroles, thiophenes, furanthiol derivatives, alkyl and alicyclic sulphides, pyridines, and thiazoles. Some reported character impact compounds of cooked meat, e.g., 12-methyltridecanal, (EE)-2,4-decadienal, methional, and dimethyl trisulphide were identified in the volatile profile of goat meat, together with a series of C-2 to C-5 alkylformylcyclopentenes, which have been reported in cooked chicken, pork, beef and lamb, as being important for the characteristic flavour impression of different animal species. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The absorption of vitamin E is influenced by the amount of fat in a meal and the food matrix

Vitamin E absorption requires the presence of fat; however, limited information exists on the influence of fat quantity on optimal absorption. In the present study we compared the absorption of stable-isotope-labelled vitamin E following meals of varying fat content and source. In a randomised four-way cross-over study, eight healthy individuals consumed a capsule containing 150 mg H-2-labelled RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate with a test meal of toast with butter (17.5 g fat), cereal with full-fat milk (17.5 g fat), cereal with semi-skimmed milk (2.7 g fat) and water (0g fat). Blood was taken at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 6 and 9 h following ingestion, chylomicrons were isolated, and H-2-labelled alpha-tocopherol was analysed in the chylomicron and plasma samples. There was a significant time (P<0.001) and treatment effect (P<0.001) in H-2-labelled alpha-tocopherol concentration in both chylomicrons and plasma between the test meals. H-2-labelled alpha-tocopherol concentration was significantly greater with the higher-fat toast and butter meal compared with the low-fat cereal meal or water (P< 0.001), and a trend towards greater concentration compared with the high-fat cereal meal (P= 0.065). There was significantly greater H-2-labelled α-tocopherol concentration with the high-fat cereal meal compared with the low-fat cereal meal (P< 0.05). The H-2-labelled alpha-tocopherol concentration following either the low-fat cereal meal or water was low. These results demonstrate that both the amount of fat and the food matrix influence vitamin E absorption. These factors should be considered by consumers and for future vitamin E intervention studies.