996 resultados para -Er^3
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Tese de mestrado, Biologia Molecular e Gentica, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Cincias, 2016
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Texto fechado en Lovaina, 1520, tomado de O5v
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Dedicatoria de Iodocus Badius Ascensius a Ioanni Mario Belge.
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"F. Baptist Mantuani vita et opera."--preliminares h.[8] -- "In parthenicen Mariana[m] prefatio. Ad Lodouicum Fuscarium [et] Ioannem Baptistam Refrigerium Parthenices ..."--preliminares h.[10]
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ICCU,
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Imprint varies: v. 6-12, Reykjavik : I Felagsprentsmiju.
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On double leaves, oriental style.
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Includes index.
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Reprint from Mm. Soc. hist. nat. du Strasbourg 3.
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The development of ultra-long (UL) cavity (hundreds of meters to several kilometres) mode-locked fibre lasers for the generation of high-energy light pulses with relatively low (sub-megahertz) repetition rates has emerged as a new rapidly advancing area of laser physics. The first demonstration of high pulse energy laser of this type was followed by a number of publications from many research groups on long-cavity Ytterbium and Erbium lasers featuring a variety of configurations with rather different mode-locked operations. The substantial interest to this new approach is stimulated both by non-trivial underlying physics and by the potential of high pulse energy laser sources with unique parameters for a range of applications in industry, bio-medicine, metrology and telecommunications. It is well known, that pulse generation regimes in mode-locked fibre lasers are determined by the intra-cavity balance between the effects of dispersion and non-linearity, and the processes of energy attenuation and amplification. The highest per-pulse energy has been achieved in normal-dispersion UL fibre lasers mode-locked through nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) for self-modelocking operation. In such lasers are generated the so-called dissipative optical solitons. The uncompensated net normal dispersion in long-cavity resonatorsusually leads to very high chirp and, consequently, to a relatively long duration of generated pulses. This thesis presents the results of research Er-doped ultra-long (more than 1 km cavity length) fibre lasers mode-locked based on NPE. The self-mode-locked erbium-based 3.5-km-long all-fiber laser with the 1.7 J pulse energy at a wavelength of 1.55 m was developed as a part of this research. It has resulted in direct generation of short laser pulses with an ultralow repetition rate of 35.1 kHz. The laser cavity has net normal-dispersion and has been fabricated from commercially-available telecom fibers and optical-fiber elements. Its unconventional linear-ring design with compensation for polarization instability ensures high reliability of the self-mode-locking operation, despite the use of a non polarization-maintaining fibers. The single pulse generation regime in all-fibre erbium mode-locking laser based on NPE with a record cavity length of 25 km was demonstrated. Modelocked lasers with such a long cavity have never been studied before. Our result shows a feasibility of stable mode-locked operation even for an ultra-long cavity length. A new design of fibre laser cavity y-configuration, that offers a range of new functionalities for optimization and stabilization of mode-locked lasing regimes was proposed. This novel cavity configuration has been successfully implemented into a long-cavity normal-dispersion self-mode-locked Er-fibre laser. In particular, it features compensation for polarization instability, suppression of ASE, reduction of pulse duration, prevention of in-cavity wave breaking, and stabilization of the lasing wavelength. This laser along with a specially designed double-pass EDFA have allowed us to demonstrate anenvironmentally stable all-fibre laser system able to deliver sub-nanosecond high-energy pulses with low level of ASE noise.
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Tanulmnyunkban a kzp- s kelet-eurpai trsg villamosenergia-nagykereskedelmi piacnak rvid tv kzgazdasgi modellezsvel foglalkozunk - teljes piacnyits utni krlmnyeket felttelezve. A modell inputjai kztt becslst adunk az ignybe vehet termelkapacitsok nagysgra s a termels kltsgre, a keresleti jellemzkre s az tviteli hlzat sajtossgaira. Modellezsi megkzeltsnk elnye, hogy egyszerre vesszk figyelembe a regionlis piacok egymshoz val trbeli viszonyt s a piaci erflnnyel rendelkez vllalatok rbefolysol kpessgt. Fbb kvetkeztetseink: 1. a jelenlegi piaci integrci szintjn a nagy ramtermel vllalatok piaci ereje szmottev; 2. a szorosabb piaci integrci mrskli az erflnnyel val visszals lehetsgt, s rcskkent hatssal jr; viszont 3. a teljes piaci integrci sem korltozza kielgt mdon a nagy ramtermelk piaci erejt. Modellezsi eredmnyeink gyakorlati jelentsgt azonban egyszerst feltevseink valsznsgnek vizsglata nlkl nem tudjuk pontosan megtlni.
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A szerz egy, a szennyezanyag-kibocsts eurpai kereskedelmi rendszerben megfelelsre ktelezett gzturbins erm szn-dioxid-kibocstst modellezi ngy termkre (vlgy- s cscsidszaki ramr, gzr, kibocstsi kvta) vonatkoz relopcis modell segtsgvel. A profitmaximalizl erm csak abban az esetben termel s szennyez, ha a megtermelt ramon realizlhat fedezete pozitv. A jvbeli idszak sszestett szn-dioxid-kibocstsa megfeleltethet eurpai tpus binris klnbzetopcik sszegnek. A modell keretein bell a szn-dioxid-kibocsts vrhat rtkt s srsgfggvnyt becslhetjk, az utbbi segtsgvel a szn-dioxid-kibocstsi pozci kockztatott rtkt hatrozhatjuk meg, amely az erm szmra elrt megfelelsi ktelezettsg teljestsnek adott konfidenciaszint melletti kltsgt jelenti. A sztochasztikus modellben az alaptermkek geometriai Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-folyamatot kvetnek. Ezt illesztette a szerz a nmet energiatzsdrl szrmaz publikus piaci adatokra. A szimulcis modellre tmaszkodva megvizsglta, hogy a klnbz technolgiai s piaci tnyezk ceteris paribus megvltozsa milyen hatssal van a megfelels kltsgre, a kockztatott rtkre. ______ The carbon-dioxide emissions of an EU Emissions Trading System participant, gas-fuelled power generator are modelled by using real options for four underlying instruments (peak and off-peak electricity, gas, emission quota). This profit-maximizing power plant operates and emits pollution only if its profit (spread) on energy produced is positive. The future emissions can be estimated by a sum of European binary-spread options. Based on the real-option model, the expected value of emissions and its probability-density function can be deducted. Also calculable is the Value at Risk of emission quota position, which gives the cost of compliance at a given confidence level. To model the prices of the four underlying instruments, the geometric Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is supposed and matched to public available price data from EEX. Based on the simulation model, the effects of various technological and market factors are analysed for the emissions level and the cost of compliance.
