Haïti; ses guerres civiles--leurs causes, leurs conséquences présentes, leur conséquence future et finale. Moyens d'y mettre fin et de placer la nation dans la voie du progrès et de la civilisation. Études économiques, sociales et politiques,

The designations "t.l", and "t.2" do not appear on the title-pages of the respective volumes, and the "Introduction", a separate part, is not uniform with the other volumes, being printed in larger type upon larger paper.

Des modes d'extinction de l'action en responsabilité née du contrat de transport de marchandises par voie de terre (articles 105 et 108 du code de commerce) modifiés par la loi du 11 avril 1888 ...

Thèse--Univ. de Toulouse.

Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Regulates Regeneration in Diverse Tissues of the Zebrafish

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Failure of a medulloblastoma-derived mutant of SUFU to suppress WNT signaling

Germline mutations of APC in patients with Turcot syndrome (colon cancer and medulloblastoma), was well as somatic mutations of APC, beta-catenin, and Axin in sporadic medulloblastomas (MBs) have shown the importance of WNT signaling in the pathogenesis of MB. A subset of children with MB have germline mutations of SUFU, a known inhibitor of Hedgehog signal transduction. A recent report suggested that murine Sufu can bind beta-catenin, export it from the nucleus, and thereby repress beta-catenin/T-cell factor (Tcf)-mediated transcription. We show that an MB-derived mutant of SUFU has lost the ability to decrease nuclear levels of beta-catenin, and cannot inhibit beta-catenin/Tcf-mediated transcription as compared to wild type SUFU. Our results suggest that loss of function of SUFU results in overactivity of both the Sonic Hedgehog, and the WNT signaling pathways, leading to excessive proliferation and failure to differentiate resulting in MB.

Ryk: A novel Wnt receptor regulating axon pathfinding

Members of the Wnt family and their receptors, the Frizzleds, are key regulators of pivotal developmental processes including embryonic patterning, specification of cell fate, and determination of cell polarity. The versatility and complexity of Wnt signaling has been further highlighted by the emergence of a novel family of Wnt receptors, the Ryk family. In mammals and flies, Ryk is a key chemorepulsive axon guidance receptor responsible for the establishment of important axon tracts during nervous system development. Although the function of Ryk is currently best understood with respect to this role, its widespread expression, both in developing tissues and in the adult, suggests that Ryk may regulate many essential biological processes. This hypothesis is supported by the multiple developmental phenotypes apparent in Ryk loss-of-function mice. These mice display a variety of embryonic abnormalities, including disruption of skeletal, craniofacial and cardiac development. Here we review Ryk structure and function focusing on its activity as an axon guidance receptor. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Wnt receptor Ryk is required for Wnt5a-mediated axon guidance on the contralateral side of the corpus callosum

Ryk (receptor related to tyrosine kinase) has been shown to be a novel Wnt receptor in both Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Recently, Ryk-Wnt interactions were shown to guide corticospinal axons down the embryonic mouse spinal cord. Here we show that, in Ryk-deficient mice, cortical axons project aberrantly across the major forebrain commissure, the corpus callosum. Many mouse mutants have been described in which loss-of-function mutations result in the inability of callosal axons to cross the midline, thereby forming Probst bundles on the ipsilateral side. In contrast, loss of Ryk does not interfere with the ability of callosal axons to cross the midline but impedes their escape from the midline into the contralateral side. Therefore, Ryk(-/-) mice display a novel callosal guidance phenotype. We also show that Wnt5a acts as a chemorepulsive ligand for Ryk, driving callosal axons toward the contralateral hemisphere after crossing the midline. In addition, whereas callosal axons do cross the midline in Ryk(-/-) embryos, they are defasciculated on the ipsilateral side, indicating that Ryk also promotes fasciculation of axons before midline crossing. In summary, this study expands the emerging role for Wnts in axon guidance and identifies Ryk as a key guidance receptor in the establishment of the corpus callosum. Our analysis of Ryk function further advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of this important commissure.

Analysis of the Expression Pattern of Wnt Receptor Frizzled 3

Wnt signaling plays a vital role in many developmental processes. Wnt signaling has been implicated in neural crest induction and cell differentiation among other functions. In mice Wnts comprise a family of nineteen glycoproteins that bind to Frizzled (Fzd) receptors and LRP5/6 co-receptors. This activates beta-catenin, which translocates into the nucleus and acts as a transcription factor, resulting in differential gene expression. Specifically, Fzd 3 enhances Wnt 1 signaling. Wnt 1 and Fzd 3 are involved in neural crest induction and in neural crest-derived melanocyte development. We analyzed the expression pattern ofFzd 3 and the LRP 5/6 by in situ hybridization inmouse embryos. Our data suggests a role for these genes in neural crest induction and in melanocyte differentiation in the murine system. Results show Fzd 3 expression in the anterior part of the neural tube and in the hindbrain, while LRP 5 is expressed in the anterior part of the neural tube, in the hindbrain, and in the eye. We conclude that Fzd 3 and LRP 5 are expressed in the neural crest. In addition, Fzd 3 might act as the receptor while LRP 5 might act as the co-receptor for Wntl signaling in the murine system.

Daple is a novel non-receptor GEF required for trimeric G protein activation in Wnt signaling

Peer reviewed

Wnt signaling in the heart fields : variations on a common theme

The work was financially supported by the European Community in the framework of the ITN CardioNet registered under number GA289600. SH acknowledges research-funding support from the British Heart Foundation. The authors would like to thank Dr Jan Ruijter for discussion and critically reading the manuscript.

Whey protein isolate decreases murine stomach weight and intestinal length and alters the expression of Wnt signalling-associated genes

Acknowledgements K. N. N. was supported by the Teagasc Vision Programme on Obesity (RMIS5974). L. M. was supported by the Teagasc Walsh Fellowship. J. R. S. was supported by a 1000-talents professorship from the Chinese government. The funding bodies had no input on the design of the study or in the interpretation of the data. The authors’ contributions are as follows: L. M., J. R. S., J. F. C. and K. N. N. designed the study; K. N. N. and J. F. C. obtained ethical approval for the study; L. M. performed the experiments; L. M. and J. R. S. analysed the data; L. M. generated the figures. All authors contributed to the drafting of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version for submission. The authors declare that there is no competing interest.

Étude du cross-talk entre la voie de synthèse des prostaglandines et des leucotriènes dans les membranes synoviales arthrosiques humaines

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

La voie de l'éthique de la vertu

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Propriétés fonctionnelles de la voie lente du noeud auriculoventriculaire : caractérisation et rôle dans la fonction nodale normale chez le lapin

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Contrôle pharmacologique de l'apoptose cardiovasculaire dans l'hypertension : implication de la voie de l'angiotensine et de la correction de la dysfonction endothéliale

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.